ESTRATÉGIA INTERNACIONAL DE UMA MULTINACIONAL EMERGENTE BRASILEIRA: O CASO JBS

The focus of this study is on questioning whether the traditional theories of internationalization are adequate to explain the international expansion of multinationals from emerging countries. Looking forward on this issue, we investigate the internationalization strategies adopted by JBS, a Brazilian multinational of the beef industry. The results show that the company adopted two of the five generic strategies specific to the context of emerging countries suggested by Ramamurti and Singh (2009): global consolidator and vertical integrator. Moreover, when analyzing the internationalization of the company under study, the speed of the process is highlighted when compared to traditional multinationals. It is concluded that the main mode of entry that allowed the international expansion was the acquisition and that this strategy has advantages to the company, such as access to strategic resources and rapid growth, possibly overcoming the liability of foreignness, the opportunity to compete globally and the diversification of segments that generate synergies to the company’s activities

IINTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AN EMERGING MULTINATIONAL IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF JBS

The focus of this study is on questioning whether the traditional theories of internationalization are adequate to explain the international expansion of multinationals from emerging countries. Looking forward on this issue, we investigate the internationalization strategies adopted by JBS, a Brazilian multinational of the beef industry. The results show that the company adopted two of the five generic strategies specific to the context of emerging countries suggested by Ramamurti and Singh (2009): global consolidator and vertical integrator. Moreover, when analyzing the internationalization of the company under study, the speed of the process is highlighted when compared to traditional multinationals. It is concluded that the main mode of entry that allowed the international expansion was the acquisition and that this strategy has advantages to the company, such as access to strategic resources and rapid growth, possibly overcoming the liability of foreignness, the opportunity to compete globally and the diversification of segments that generate synergies to the company's activities

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Emancipando a Produção do Conhecimento: o Ensino da Epistemologia Crítica

Alguns autores nacionais (ex: Bertero, 2003; Davel e Alcadipani, 2003) qualificam a produção acadêmica brasileira em administração como acrítica e assinalam que esta reproduz conhecimento estrangeiro sem a devida reflexão. Com isso, ainda segundo estes autores, temos uma produção acadêmica que não reflete a nossa realidade e que não espelha nosso contexto sócio-histórico. Problematizar e criticar o conhecimento que recebemos pronto certamente não é o primeiro caminho comumente praticado para se atingir um novo patamar no conhecimento e na pesquisa em administração no Brasil. A partir destas reflexões buscamos desenvolver técnicas de ensino em sala de aula que propiciassem desmistificar a epistemologia crítica e a praticar o ensino da crítica pela própria crítica. Procuramos discutir com os alunos as diferentes correntes que compõem a epistemologia crítica: teoria crítica, pós-estruturalismo e critical management studies. Procuramos ainda estimular o interesse pelos autores críticos nacionais como Guerreiro Ramos e Maurício Trattengberg que desenvolveram suas pesquisas de forma independente das atuais correntes críticas internacionais. Aplicamos as técnicas de ensino em sala de aula de forma que os alunos procurassem questionar a quem interessa o conhecimento que se produz e se replica. Enfatizamos o fato de que as diferentes perspectivas da epistemologia crítica preconizam que teoria e prática estão intimamente ligadas e que devem conduzir a uma transformação social, que pode se dar até mesmo através do engajamento na política. A aplicação das técnicas descritas neste artigo proporcionou momentos de ampla participação e engajamento de todos os alunos, bem como momentos de reflexão. Esperamos, assim, contribuir para que se possa produzir conhecimento de e a partir de nosso contexto e que possa levar a uma transformação social, e não produzir extensas revisões de literatura estrangeira de forma acrítica e descontextualizada em busca de um gap que leve à próxima publicação