Exploring The Attitudes, Knowledge, And Receptivity Of Community-Working Pharmacists Regarding Two Over-The-Counter Medications (OTCs)

Many patients go without access to contemporary or traditional Western medicine due to lack of quality health insurance. Thus, more patients are turning to other less expensive, alternative forms of treatment. Our analysis of several different community-pharmacies in Maine, Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky showed that many practicing pharmacists know little about these types of alternative therapies, and make little effort answering questions and/or making a safe recommendation about these products. Two OTCs were chosen with purpose: Calcium with Vitamin D and Grape Seed Extract. A convenience sample of pharmacies and pharmacists were selected based on travel time and location. Pharmacists were asked several detailed questions about two OTCs via a “live encounter” without warning and were not informed of information regarding this study. Their responses were qualitatively assessed for amount and accuracy of information. The purpose of our study is to raise awareness on the current problem associated lack of knowledge about CAMs and everyday OTCs across community-pharmacists in the United States. Through our analysis we hope to bring to attention, the responsibility we as pharmacists share in making sure that our patients are receiving the highest level of quality care in terms of relevant and proper medication use.https://dune.une.edu/pharmprac_facpost/1004/thumbnail.jp

Influencing Factors on Radiotherapy Outcome in Stage I-II Glottic Larynx Cancer—A Multicenter Study

Background and Purpose: Larynx cancer represents one of the most frequently diagnosed head and neck malignancies, which is most often confined to the glottic area. The aim of this study was to report the oncological outcome and identify prognostic factors in early-stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Patients (n = 761) diagnosed and treated in 10 centers between 1990 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Probabilities of loco-regional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and possible prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The median follow-up was 63 months (range: 2-243). Three hundred and sixty-four, 148 and 249 patients had cT1a, cT1b, and cT2 stage I-II disease, respectively. Five and 10-years LRC/OS rates in the whole cohort were 83/82% and 80/68%, respectively. Three patients developed distant recurrences. In univariate analysis, male sex (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.47-11.37; p < 0.01), T2 vs. T1a (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08-2.43; p = 0.02) and anterior commissure involvement (ACI) (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.38-2.45; p < 0.01) were associated with impaired LRC. In multivariate analysis, male sex (HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.44-11.17; p < 0.01) and ACI (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01-2.28; p = 0.047) remained poor prognostic factors. No relation of treatment technique and biologically equivalent dose (BED) to oncological outcome was identified except for higher BED10(L = 25; T = 1) yielding better LRC in T1a tumors (p = 0.04) in univariate analyses. Conclusion: Our results highlight the negative impact of ACI on tumor control. A less-expected finding was the impact of sex on tumor control. Further research is needed to validate its prognostic value and investigate any related biologic or behavioral factors, which may be modified to improve oncologic outcome

The Generic Model of Computation

Over the past two decades, Yuri Gurevich and his colleagues have formulated axiomatic foundations for the notion of algorithm, be it classical, interactive, or parallel, and formalized them in the new generic framework of abstract state machines. This approach has recently been extended to suggest a formalization of the notion of effective computation over arbitrary countable domains. The central notions are summarized herein.Comment: In Proceedings DCM 2011, arXiv:1207.682

Practical Aspects of the Validation of Toxicity Test Procedures

This is the report of the fifth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals.JRC.(EI)-Environment Institut

Influencing Factors on Radiotherapy Outcome in Stage I-II Glottic Larynx Cancer-A Multicenter Study

Background and Purpose: Larynx cancer represents one of the most frequently diagnosed head and neck malignancies, which is most often confined to the glottic area. The aim of this study was to report the oncological outcome and identify prognostic factors in early-stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

Image et voyage

Cet ouvrage offre une perspective nouvelle aux études sur la littérature des voyages dont la vaste matière iconographique reste à ce jour relativement peu exploitée. Il propose une réflexion théorique et analytique inédite sur la place et le rôle de l’image dans le vaste ensemble de la littérature des voyages, en regroupant les contributions de littéraires, de géographes, d’historiens de l’art, d’historiens du livre et en travaillant la notion d’imaginaire, via l’étude d’images concrètes, de supports iconographiques divers, tous liés à l’écriture du voyage. Il couvre la période de la fin du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle, c’est-à-dire des origines iconographiques arabes à la naissance de la photographie, ainsi qu’une aire géographique maritime vaste, de la Méditerranée aux Océans oriental et occidental