OS SENTIDOS DE LAZER E CORPOREIDADE NA EXPERIÊNCIA DO ESPAÇO CIBERNÉTICO

Com a popularização do acesso à internet, esta se torna um meio pelo qual indivíduos exercem diversas atividades, que vão do trabalho ao lazer. Transforma-se a atividade de lazer enquanto algo que ocorre no “mundo físico” para algo que passa a ser mediado por uma máquina, que pode ser um computador, um tablet ou smartphone. O corpo é, assim, uma âncora que recebe e que interpreta os estímulos vindos desses instrumentos, que tornam-se representações do mundo. Neste estudo, realizou-se um pesquisa entre estudantes de pós-graduação, para se entender a relação que eles tem com a internet enquanto um instrumento de lazer, e o senso de corporeidade nesta experiência. A coleta de dados foi feita com 23 estudantes de pós-graduação (56,5% de sexo feminino) de três instituições de ensino superior de Recife-PE, os quais executaram uma tarefa de associação livre em que os sujeitos respondiam a questão indutora “Diga, o mais rápido possível, todas as palavras que passam pela sua cabeça quando você pensa em Internet e Lazer”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo com critério temático gerando categorias de sentido sobre experiência do lazer na internet, sendo posteriormente as categorias analisadas por Análise de Estrutura de Similaridade coadjuvada pelo método das variáveis externas como pontos e interpretadas segundo a teoria das facetas. Encontrou-se um ambiente diverso com relação ao uso que os participantes tinham da internet, variando dependendo da idade e do gênero do indivíduo. Ao final, foi possível perceber a vastidão de representações que a internet pode ter nos estudantes universitários e a necessidade de novas pesquisas que abordem o assunto.    Palavras-chave: Internet; lazer; universitários; representações sociais; teoria das facetas.     Abstract: With the popularization of internet access, the latter becomes a means by which individuals carry out various activities, ranging from work to leisure. Leisure activity transforms itself from something that occurs in the "physical world" to something that happens to be mediated by a machine, which can be a computer, a tablet or a smartphone. The body is thus an anchor that receives and interprets the stimuli coming from these instruments, which become representations of the world. In this study, a research was carried out among graduate students to understand the relationship they have with the Internet as a leisure instrument, and the sense of corporeity in this experience. Data collection was carried out with 23 graduate students (56.5% female) from three higher education institutions in Recife-PE, who performed a task of free association in which the participants answered the question " Please, list as quickly as possible, all the words that go through your mind when you think of Internet and Leisure". The data were submitted to content analysis with thematic criterion generating categories on leisure experience on the Internet, and these categories are analyzed by Similarity Structure Analysis and by the external variables method as points and interpreted according to facet theory. A diverse environment was found regarding participants' use of the internet, varying depending on the age and gender of the individual. At the end, we saw the range of representations that the internet can have on college students and the need for further research to address the issue.     Keywords: internet; leisure; university students; social representations; facet theory. &nbsp

MEDIAÇÃO COGNITIVA NA TEORIA DO CÓDIGO DUAL E NO MODELO NEUROCOGNITIVO E SOCIOECOLÓGICO DE AUTOCONSCIÊNCIA: O CASO DO BURNOUT

Este artigo trata sobre a mediação cognitiva nos modelos de Paivio com a Teoria do Código Dual, e Morin, com o seu modelo Neurocognitivo e Socioecológico de Autoconsciência, e relações entre os tipos de mediação cognitiva, self e autoconsciência, no trato do fenômeno do Burnout. Este é um estudo teórico que busca articular a Síndrome de Burnout com construtos cognitivos buscando apontar as possíveis interligações encontradas quando esses campos são postos para dialogar. Assim, articula-se as implicações que estar em condição de Burnout, o qual apresenta três dimensões características, a saber, a exaustão emocional, a despersonalização e a ineficácia no trabalho, tem sobre os processos da autoconsciência e da estruturação de um Self, visto que esses processos advém de uma rede de outros processos cognitivos que mediam e dão condições para que o sujeito realize essas atividades mentais. Ao se fazer esse tipo de questionamento abre-se espaço para uma discussão nova que envolve a expansão e o aprimoramento de ambos os modelos teóricos. Palavras-chave: Mediação Cognitiva; Representação Mental; Código Dual; Modelo Neurocognitivo e Socioecológico de Autoconsciência; Burnout. &nbsp

SIMULAÇÃO MENTAL, AUTOCONSCIÊNCIA E CONSTRUÇÃO DO BEM-ESTAR: ENLACES EM COGNIÇÃO SOCIAL

: A cognição social é um campo da psicologia social que investiga a forma como as pessoas compreendem as outras pessoas e elas mesmas. Surgiu do interesse de psicólogos sociais pela psicologia cognitiva, que começaram a utilizar os modelos cognitivos para entender os processos básicos subjacentes às interações sociais. Ao se estudar a felicidade humana, também chamada de Bem-Estar, notou-se a importância dos múltiplos processos cognitivos e motivacionais que moderam o impacto que o ambiente externo pode exercer no bem-estar subjetivo. A felicidade não depende diretamente do que possuímos, e das condições objetivas de vida, pois essas características podem influenciar o bem-estar subjetivo, mas não são indispensáveis para tal. O que importa, é como nos sentimos a respeito de nós mesmos e do que nos acontece. Para que a vida seja melhor, precisa-se aprimorar o modo como se percebe a vida. Esse artigo discorre sobre Cognição Social, Autoconsciência e Bem-estar, e apresenta a hipótese das simulações mentais como uma ferramenta de mediação de Autoconsciência e de construção do Bem-Estar para o indivíduo. Palavras-chave: Cognição Social, Bem-Estar Subjetivo, Autoconsciência, Simulação Mental.   Abstract: Social cognition is a field of social psychology that investigates how people understand other people and themselves. It arose from the interest of social psychologists in cognitive psychology using cognitive models to understand the basic processes underlying social interactions. From the study of human happiness, also called well-being, it was observed the importance of multiple cognitive and motivational processes that moderate the impact that the external environment can have on subjective well-being. Happiness does not depend directly on what we have, and on objective living conditions, since these characteristics may influence subjective well-being, but they are not indispensable to it. What matters is how we feel about ourselves and what happens to us. For life to be better, it is necessary to improve the way life is perceived. This article addresses the themes of Social Cognition, Self-Awareness and Well-Being, and presents the hypothesis of mental simulations as a tool for mediating both self-awareness and the construction of individual well-being. Keywords: Social Cognition, Well-Being, Self-Awareness, Mental Simulation. &nbsp

DIMENSÕES FENOMENAIS DA AUTOCONSCIÊNCIA E DO AUTOCONCEITO E OS ELEMENTOS DO SELF: ENLACES FUNCIONAIS

Resumo: Formular uma impressão de si mesmo é essencial para que o indivíduo seja capaz de interagir consigo mesmo e com o meio social que o cerca. A partir dessa premissa surge o conceito de Self. Aliado a isso, aparecem outros conceitos que, da mesma maneira, buscam procurar modos de entender como um sujeito se torna alvo de sua própria atenção - autoconsciência, e como ele pode produzir uma definição de si por meio das suas experiências - autoconceito fenomenal. Assim, este artigo procura expor e relacionar o conceito de self, autoconsciência e autoconceito fenomenal traçando possíveis relações entre pontos de interseção entre os construtos. Palavras-Chave: Self; Autoconsciência; Autoconceito fenomenal; Psicologia Cognitiva. Abstract: Formulating an impression of oneself is essential for the individual to be able to interact with himself and the surrounding social environment. From this premise arises the concept of Self. In addition, other concepts emerge that seek to understand ways in which a subject becomes the target of his own attention - self-awareness, and how he can produce a definition of himself through his experiences - phenomenal self-concept. Thus, this article seeks to expose and relate the concept of self, self-awareness and phenomenal self-concept by tracing possible relationships between intersection points between these constructs. Keywords: Self; Self-awareness; Phenomenal self-concept; Cognitive Psychology

ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA COVID-19: CONSTRUINDO SENTIDOS DA EXPERIÊNCIA E SUAS DIFICULDADES

The Covid-19 pandemic reached its global scale in 2020 and brought with it changes in habits in the lives of the entire population of the planet. As a result, people had to adapt to this period of sanitary urgency by means of stricter sanitary rules, involving quarantine, isolation and social distance, implemented to reduce the contagion and the speed of the spread of the Corona virus. The populations affected by the pandemic, including the Brazilian, and the Northeast in particular, the target of this study, suddenly found themselves in this scenario and needed to create strategies on how to deal with, adapt and make sense of their daily realities. Because it is a new virus, and its disease is unknown in the medical literature, and consequently, of behavioural and cognitive studies that are still very incipient and scarce, it is urgent to know the ways in which the Brazilian population, both in coastal areas and in the States of the Federation located in the hinterland, is experiencing the reality of coping with the pandemic, and its difficulties in coping with it, from the native perspectives characterized by the attribution of meanings from the populations. This study was carried out according to a descriptive, ideographic, multi-case phenomenological methodology. The sample consisted of 10 residents of municipalities in the hinterland of the state of Pernambuco who remotely reported their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic by answering 02 stimulus questions: meanings of coping; coping difficulties. Their reports were analysed following the standard phenomenological method, in the formalization of Giorgi, in order to bring to the surface the meanings of the reported experiences.  The following thematic structures were found: Adherence to protective health standards; Subjective impacts; Activities to spend the time; and Difficulties, capable of describing the meanings of the pandemic and coping for this group of individuals living in the hinterland of Pernambuco. It is hoped that studies with a phenomenological approach can bring to light the experiences of the hinterland Northeastern population, enabling health policies that are more effective for this population in future pandemic events. Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19; coping; difficulties; Interior of Pernambuco; phenomenology.  A pandemia do Covid-19 atingiu sua escala global em 2020 e trouxe consigo mudanças de hábitos na vida de toda a população do planeta. Com isso, as pessoas tiveram que se adaptar a esse período de urgência sanitária por meio de normas sanitárias mais rígidas, envolvendo quarentena, isolamento e distanciamento social, implementadas para diminuir o contágio e a velocidade da disseminação do Covid-19. As populações afetadas pela pandemia, incluindo a brasileira, e nordestina em particular, alvo deste estudo, repentinamente se encontraram nesse cenário e precisaram criar estratégias de como lidar, adaptar e dar sentido as suas realidades no cotidiano. Por ser um vírus novo, e sua enfermidade desconhecida da literatura médica, e consequentemente, de estudos comportamentais e cognitivos ainda muito insipientes e escassos, urge conhecer os modos como a população brasileira, quer das áreas litorâneas, quer dos interiores dos Estados da Federação, está vivenciando a realidade do enfrentamento da pandemia, e suas dificuldades neste enfrentamento, a partir das próprias perspectivas nativas de atribuição de sentidos das populações. Este estudo foi desenvolvido conforme metodologia fenomenológica descritiva, ideográfica, de casos múltiplos. Participaram 10 residentes de municípios do interior do estado de Pernambuco que relataram remotamente suas experiências da pandemia do Covid-19 mediante respostas a 02 questões-indutoras (sentidos do enfrentamento; dificuldades do enfrentamento). Seus relatos foram analisados seguindo o método fenomenológico padrão, na formalização de Giorgi, com o intuito de trazer à superfície os sentidos das vivências relatadas. Foram encontradas as seguintes estruturas temáticas: Adesão às normas sanitárias protetivas; Impactos subjetivos; Atividades para passar o tempo; e Dificuldades, capazes de descrever os sentidos da pandemia e do enfrentamento para esse grupo de indivíduos residentes no Interior de Pernambuco. Espera-se que estudos de corte fenomenológico possam trazer à tona as vivências da população nordestina do interior, capacitando políticas de saúde mais eficazes para estas populações em ocorrências pandêmicas futuras. Palavras-chave: Pandemia Covid-19; enfrentamento; dificuldades; Interior de Pernambuco; fenomenologia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ