Neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies in Dourados, MS: an analysis

Embora estejam bem definidos os benefícios da implantação do programa de triagem neonatal para hemoglobinopatias, não são raros os estudos que apontam falhas nesses programas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o programa de triagem neonatal para hemoglobinopatias no município de Dourados, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Foram entrevistadas, através da aplicação de formulários, 32 famílias cujos filhos foram identificados como portadores de hemoglobinopatias, durante a triagem neonatal, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2005. Adicionalmente, foram verificadas a cobertura do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) e a incidência de hemoglobinopatias no MS, de 2000 a 2005. Dos 242 casos de hemoglobinopatias diagnosticados neste período, a heterozigose para hemoglobina S demonstrou incidência de 1,37%, a heterozigose para hemoglobina C, 0,37% e a heterozigose para hemoglobina D, 0,007%. Não foram diagnosticados casos de anemia falciforme. A cobertura encontrada foi de 81,4%. Foram detectadas falhas, como a não reconvocação para o exame confirmatório, ausência de encaminhamento médico para orientação, falta de investigação familiar e a falha na compreensão do aconselhamento genético.Although the benefits of implanting a neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies are well defined, there are many studies that point to failures in these programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Between January 2000 and December 2005, thirty-two families with children diagnosed during neonatal screening as having hemoglobinopathies were evaluated using questionnaires. Additionally, the coverage of the Brazilian National Neonatal Screening Program and the incidence rates of hemoglobinopathies in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul between 2000 and 2005 were analyzed. Of the 242 cases of hemoglobinopathies that were diagnosed in this period, 1.37% individuals were identified as heterozygotes for hemoglobin S, 0.37% for hemoglobin C, and 0.07% for hemoglobin D. There were no cases of sickle cell anemia diagnosed during this period. The program was found to be positive and provided a broad coverage of 81.4%. Some failures were detected such as not requiring patients to return for confirmation examinations, the lack of medical counseling and follow through, lack of investigations of family histories, and lack of understanding on the part of the family of the genetic counseling they received

Análise e tratamento da documentação básica dos cursos de especialização na UFMG

Tratamento automatizado das informações geradas pelos Cursos de Especialização oferecidos pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, por meio de um programa em dBase III, dando origem ao Sistema Automatizado de Controle dos Cursos de Especialização-SACCE

The role of retailer's performance in optimal wholesale price discount policies

The main goal of this paper is to model the effects of wholesale price control on manufacturer’s profit, taking explicitly into account the retailer’s sales motivation and performance. We consider a stylized distribution channel where a manufacturer sells a single kind of good to a single retailer. Wholesale price discounts are assumed to increase the retailer’s motivation thus improving sales. We study the manufacturer’s profit maximization problem as an optimal control model where the manufacturer’s control is the discount on wholesale price and retailer’s motivation is one of the state variables. In particular in the paper we prove that an increasing discount policy is optimal for the manufacturer when the retailer is not efficient while efficient retailers may require to decrease the trade discounts at the end of the selling period. Computational experiments point out how the discount on wholesale price passed by the retailer to the market (passthrough) influences the optimal profit of the manufacturer

Druse clinopyroxene in D'Orbigny angritic meteorite studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy

The crystal structure of druse clinopyroxene from the D’Orbigny angrite, (Ca0.944 Fe2+ 0.042 Mg0.010Mn0.004) (Mg0.469Fe2+ 0.317Fe3+ 0.035Al0.125Cr0.010Ti0.044) (Si1.742Al0.258) O6, a = 9.7684(2), b = 8.9124(2), c = 5.2859(1) Å, β = 105.903(1)°, V = 442.58 Å3, space group C2/c, Z = 2, has been refined to an R1 index of 1.92% using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The unit formula, calculated from electron microprobe analysis, and the refined site scattering values were used to assign site populations. The distribution of Fe2+ and Mg over the M1 and M2 sites suggests a closure temperature of 1000 °C. Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements were done at room temperature on a single crystal and a powdered sample. The spectra are adequately fit by a Voigt-based quadrupole-splitting distribution model having two generalized sites, one for Fe2+ with two Gaussian components and one for Fe3+ with one Gaussian component. The two ferrous components are assigned to Fe2+ at the M1 site, and arise from two different next-nearest-neighbor configurations of Ca and Fe cations at the M2 site: (3Ca,0Fe) and (2Ca,1Fe). The Fe3+/Fetot ratio determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy is in agreement with that calculated from the electron microprobe analysis. The results are discussed in connection with the redox and thermal history of D’Orbigny.Fil: Abdu, Yassir A.. University of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Scorzelli, Rosa B.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Varela, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Kurat, Gero. Naturhistorisches Museum; AustriaFil: Souza Azevedo, Izabel de. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Stewart, Silvana Jacqueline. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hawthorne, Frank C.. University of Manitoba; Canad

Study of comparative bioavailability among two formulations containing hydroxyzine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers after a single dose administration

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two hydroxyzine hydrochloride 25 mg tablet formulation in 16 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a two weeks wash out period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 96 h interval. Hydroxyzine concentrations were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90 % confidence intervals (90 % I.C) for the ratio of AUC0-t , AUC0-inf and Cmax values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90 % confidence intervals were 81.89-105.85 %, 84.61-105.30 %, and 84.04-108.66 %, respectively. Since the 90 % confidence intervals for Cmax , AUC0-t and AUC0-inf were within the 80-125 % interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that the two hydroxyzine hydrochloride formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Study of comparative bioavailability among two formulations containing hydroxyzine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers after a single dose administration

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two hydroxyzine hydrochloride 25 mg tablet formulation in 16 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and a two weeks wash out period. Plasma samples were obtained over a 96 h interval. Hydroxyzine concentrations were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90 % confidence intervals (90 % I.C) for the ratio of AUC0-t , AUC0-inf and Cmax values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90 % confidence intervals were 81.89-105.85 %, 84.61-105.30 %, and 84.04-108.66 %, respectively. Since the 90 % confidence intervals for Cmax , AUC0-t and AUC0-inf were within the 80-125 % interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that the two hydroxyzine hydrochloride formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Role of cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of Graft-versus-Host Disease

Stem cell transplantation is the first line treatment of many hematological diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a severe complication after allogeneic transplantation and the main cause of mortality and morbidity. The study of the pathogenesis of GVHD may help to develop ways to prevent the disease, as well as to choose adequate immunosuppressant therapies. This study discusses the main immunological components involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD, with emphasis on the participation of cytokines and their control.O transplante de células progenitoras hematopoéticas é o tratamento de escolha para muitas doenças hematológicas e imunodeficiências primárias. A doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) é ainda uma grave complicação após o transplante alogênico e a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade. O estudo da patogênese da DECH auxilia no desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas da doença, assim como na escolha de terapias imunossupressoras adequadas de tratamento. Este estudo discute os principais componentes imunológicos envolvidos na patogênese da DECH aguda e crônica, com ênfase à participação das citocinas e seu controle.14215

Inbreeding levels in Northeast Brazil: Strategies for the prospecting of new genetic disorders

A new autosomal recessive genetic condition, the SPOAN syndrome (an acronym for spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy and neuropathy syndrome), was recently discovered in an isolated region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil, in a population that was identified by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) as belonging to the Brazilian communities with the highest rates of “deficiencies” (Neri, 2003), a term used to describe diseases, malformations, and handicaps in general. This prompted us to conduct a study of consanguinity levels in five of its municipal districts by directly interviewing their inhabitants. Information on 7,639 couples (corresponding to about 40% of the whole population of the studied districts) was obtained. The research disclosed the existence of very high frequencies of consanguineous marriages, which varied from about 9% to 32%, suggesting the presence of a direct association between genetic diseases such as the SPOAN syndrome, genetic drift and inbreeding levels. This fact calls for the introduction of educational programs for the local populations, as well as for further studies aiming to identify and characterize other genetic conditions. Epidemiological strategies developed to collect inbreeding data, with the collaboration of health systems available in the region, might be very successful in the prospecting of genetic disorders

Druse clinopyroxene in D'Orbigny angritic meteorite studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy

The crystal structure of druse clinopyroxene from the D'Orbigny angrite, (Ca0.944 Fe 2+ 0.042 Mg0.010Mn0.004) (Mg0.469Fe 2+ 0.317Fe 3+ 0.035Al0.125Cr0.010Ti0.044) (Si1.742Al0.258) O6, a = 9.7684(2), b = 8.9124(2), c = 5.2859(1) A, β = 105.903(1)°, V = 442.58 A 3 , space group C2/c, Z = 2, has been refined to an R1 index of 1.92% using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The unit formula, calculated from electron microprobe analysis, and the refined site scattering values were used to assign site populations. The distribution of Fe 2+ and Mg over the M1 and M2 sites suggests a closure temperature of 1000 °C. Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements were done at room temperature on a single crystal and a powdered sample. The spectra are adequately fit by a Voigt-based quadrupole-splitting distribution model having two generalized sites, one for Fe 2+ with two Gaussian components and one for Fe 3+ with one Gaussian component. The two ferrous components are assigned to Fe 2+ at the M1 site, and arise from two different next-nearest-neighbor configurations of Ca and Fe cations at the M2 site: (3Ca,0Fe) and (2Ca,1Fe). The Fe 3+ /Fetot ratio determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy is in agreement with that calculated from the electron microprobe analysis. The results are discussed in connection with the redox and thermal history of D'Orbigny.Instituto de Física La Plat