Contextualizando o desempenho ocupacional de pessoas em primeiras crises do tipo psicótica

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional, 2016.Introdução: A vivência de uma crise é um fenômeno natural, podendo gerar sofrimento psíquico do tipo psicótico e interferir na realização das atividades do cotidiano e, consequentemente, no desempenho ocupacional das habilidades e papéis sociais. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos do desempenho ocupacional de pessoas que vivenciaram primeiras crises do tipo psicóticas, relacionando aos investimentos do campo da Terapia Ocupacional. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi mista, com dados quantitativo e qualitativo descritivo, por meio da pesquisa da literatura dos aspectos relacionados à crise do tipo psicótica, desempenho ocupacional e Terapia Ocupacional; e o estudo dos aspectos do desempenho ocupacional utilizando a Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM) aplicada durante o projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido no Grupo de Intervenção Precoce nas Primeiras Crises do Tipo Psicótica (GIPSI), do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de Brasília (IP/UnB). Foi analisada a frequência numérica e de conteúdo de ambos os estudos. Resultados e Discussão: As áreas produtividade e lazer foram as mais afetadas. Houve resultado bom quanto ao desempenho, porém insatisfação quanto ao seu desenvolvimento, interferindo no papel social, comprometidos também por fatores associados à crise psicótica, como sinais positivos e negativos, família, trabalho, e interações sociais. Nesse sentido, é necessária a atuação da Terapia Ocupacional. Considerações finais: Há necessidades de mais estudos no campo do sofrimento psíquico do tipo psicótico, sendo o desempenho ocupacional relevante para o entendimento do papel social do sujeito e que traduz ao campo de pesquisa e intervenção em Terapia Ocupacional

Contextualizando o desempenho ocupacional de pessoas em primeiras crises do tipo psicótica

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional, 2016.Introdução: A vivência de uma crise é um fenômeno natural, podendo gerar sofrimento psíquico do tipo psicótico e interferir na realização das atividades do cotidiano e, consequentemente, no desempenho ocupacional das habilidades e papéis sociais. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos do desempenho ocupacional de pessoas que vivenciaram primeiras crises do tipo psicóticas, relacionando aos investimentos do campo da Terapia Ocupacional. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi mista, com dados quantitativo e qualitativo descritivo, por meio da pesquisa da literatura dos aspectos relacionados à crise do tipo psicótica, desempenho ocupacional e Terapia Ocupacional; e o estudo dos aspectos do desempenho ocupacional utilizando a Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM) aplicada durante o projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido no Grupo de Intervenção Precoce nas Primeiras Crises do Tipo Psicótica (GIPSI), do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de Brasília (IP/UnB). Foi analisada a frequência numérica e de conteúdo de ambos os estudos. Resultados e Discussão: As áreas produtividade e lazer foram as mais afetadas. Houve resultado bom quanto ao desempenho, porém insatisfação quanto ao seu desenvolvimento, interferindo no papel social, comprometidos também por fatores associados à crise psicótica, como sinais positivos e negativos, família, trabalho, e interações sociais. Nesse sentido, é necessária a atuação da Terapia Ocupacional. Considerações finais: Há necessidades de mais estudos no campo do sofrimento psíquico do tipo psicótico, sendo o desempenho ocupacional relevante para o entendimento do papel social do sujeito e que traduz ao campo de pesquisa e intervenção em Terapia Ocupacional

O debate sobre álcool, crack e outras drogas na formação universitária e o papel dos profissionais da rede intersetorial em uma ação de educação em saúde

Introdução: O processo histórico das políticas públicas em saúde promoveu um avanço na forma de produzir o cuidado e como consequência a necessidade de associação entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão, requerendo novos investimentos formativos em temas contemporâneos, como a educação permanente sobre drogas e suas vulnerabilidades associadas. Objetivo: Apresentar o projeto de extensão Roda de Debate sobre Drogas e Vulnerabilidades Associadas como uma ação de educação permanente para o fortalecimento da interação de atores intersetoriais e a comunidade acadêmica. Método: Estudo do tipo misto sequencial utilizando dados quantitativos e qualitativos, realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados utilizando o software SPSS e os dados qualitativos a análise de conteúdo categorial. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados mostraram um espaço relevante de educação permanente aos profissionais e mudanças importantes na percepção dos participantes sobre o tema drogas. Observa-se a necessidade de ampliar e qualificar a extensão universitária oferecendo alternativas de aprendizado, especialmente sobre temas permeados por mitos e pouco abordados nos currículos dos cursos de graduação.Palavras-chave: Extensão universitária; Álcool e outras drogas; Educação permanente.

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

A temática de álcool e outras drogas na extensão e para a formação acadêmica

The outreach activity involves teaching, outreach and research. This study aims to reports the outreach activities conducted by public institutions of higher education on the subject of alcohol and other drugs. It also reflects on the importance of including current and cross-cutting issues in the areas of health, such as drugs and associated vulnerabilities. It is part of the outreach program Center of Excellence in Drugs and Associated Vulnerabilities (Centro de Referências sobre Drogas e Vulnerabilidades Associadas) through the outreach project Group of Discussion (Roda de Debates) which aims to encourage debate on issues related to drugs and vulnerabilities associated with health professionals. As method, it was used the descriptive study of outreach projects. The data show that the training of professionals of intersectoral network is larger due public investments and that there are limitations to the higher education system on daily basis. It should be noted the relevance of developing outreach activities on the subject of drugs with students from universities in order to promote reflexive and critical learning.A atividade de extensão integra ensino, extensão e pesquisa. Este estudo descreve as atividades de extensão sobre álcool e outras drogas desenvolvidas pelas instituições públicas de ensino superior, refletindo sobre a importância de incluir temáticas atuais e transversais nas áreas da saúde, como as drogas e vulnerabilidades associadas. É parte integrante do Programa de Extensão Centro de Referências sobre Drogas e Vulnerabilidades Associadas, por meio do Projeto de Extensão Roda de Debate sobre Drogas e Vulnerabilidades Associadas, o qual estimula o debate sobre a problemáticas das drogas e as vulnerabilidades associadas com profissionais de saúde. Utilizou como método o estudo descritivo de projetos de extensão. Os dados apresentaram que há muitos investimentos de formação para profissionais da rede intersetorial, como resposta ao investimento público, e uma limitação no ensino superior, no cotidiano acadêmico. É relevante a utilização das atividades de extensão sobre a temática das drogas, junto aos discentes, para uma formação reflexiva e crítica

Impact of Doxorubicin Treatment on the Physiological Functions of White Adipose Tissue

<div><p>White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining energy balance and important endocrine functions. The loss of WAT modifies adipokine secretion and disrupts homeostasis, potentially leading to severe metabolic effects and a reduced quality of life. Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used clinically because of its good effectiveness against various types of cancer. However, doxorubicin has deleterious effects in many healthy tissues, including WAT, liver, and skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our objective was to investigate the effects of doxorubicin on white adipocytes through <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments. Doxorubicin reduced the uptake of glucose by retroperitoneal adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells via the inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase Thr172 phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 content. Doxorubicin also reduced the serum level of adiponectin and, to a greater extent, the expression of genes encoding lipogenic (<i>Fas</i> and <i>Acc</i>) and adipogenic factors (<i>Pparg</i>, <i>C/ebpa</i>, and <i>Srebp1</i>c) in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. In addition, doxorubicin inhibited both lipogenesis and lipolysis and reduced the hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose tissue triacylglycerol lipase protein levels. Therefore, our results demonstrate the impact of doxorubicin on WAT. These results are important to understand some side effects observed in patients receiving chemotherapy and should encourage new adjuvant treatments that aim to inhibit these side effects.</p></div