Efeitos do composto mesoiônico MC-1 no modelo experimental de tumor ascítico de Ehrlich

Cancer is a multifactorial disease in which the cells of the organism divide themselves in an abnormal and uncontrolled manner. In 2018, The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimated the emergence of 18.1 million new cases of cancer in the world and 9.6 million of related deaths. Considering the limitations still existent on cancer treatment, antineoplastics’ lack of specificity and strong side effects, studies aimed at the discovery of new substances with antitumor potential are necessary. Mesoionic compounds are synthetic, heterocyclic substances, consisting of a five-membered heterocyclic ring. These compounds are relevant for having potential therapeutic applications due to the possibility of introducing heteroatoms in the ring. Literature data reveals these compounds’ biological activity, like antiparasitic, antibacterial and antineoplastic effects. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of the mesoionic 1,4-diphenyl-5-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-thiol chloride (MC-1) in the development and pathophysiology of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). The efficacy of MI-01 was assessed by analyzing parameters such as abdominal circumference, animal weight and tumor volume, that are directly related to tumor progression, as well as histopathological analyses. Ascitic fluid cells were also counted and analyzed to infer the neoplastic potential and the immunomodulatory capacity of the substance. As a result, it was observed that the the treatment with the mesoionic compound was effective against the parameters analyzed: it inhibited the weight gain of the animals, reduced ascitic fluid formation, decreased abdominal circumference, reduced the amount of total cells at the tumor site, modulated the inflammatory cellular profile, in addition to reversing the histopathological alterations provinetes of the development of the EAC.O câncer é uma doença multifatorial onde as células do organismo se dividem de forma anormal e descontrolada. Em 2018, a Agência Internacional de Pesquisa em Câncer (IARC) estimou o surgimento de 18,1 milhões de novos casos de câncer no mundo e 9,6 milhes de mortes relacionadas. Considerando as limitações ainda existentes no tratamento do câncer (falta de especificidade e os fortes efeitos colaterais dos antineoplásicos), estudos que visem a descoberta de novas substâncias com potencial antitumoral são necessários. Os compostos mesoiônicos são substâncias sintéticas, heterocíclicas, constituídas por um anel heterocíclico de cinco átomos. Essas substâncias destacam-se por possuírem potenciais aplicações terapêuticas devido à possibilidade de introdução de heteroátomos no anel. Dados da literatura revelam atividades biológicas, como efeitos antiparasitários, antibacterianos e antineoplásicos destes compostos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos do mesoiônico 1,4-difenil-5-(5-nitro-2-furanil)-1,3,4-cloreto de tiadiazólio-2-tiol (MC-1) no desenvolvimento e na fisiopatologia do Tumor Ascítico de Ehrlich (TAE). A eficácia do MI-01 foi avaliada através da análise de parâmetros como a circunferência abdominal, o peso dos animais e o volume do tumor, que estão diretamente ligados à progressão tumoral, além de análises histopatológicas. As células do fluido ascítico também foram contadas e analisadas a fim de inferir o potencial neoplásico da substância e a capacidade imunomoduladora da mesma. Como resultado, observou-se que o tratamento com o composto mesoiônico foi eficaz frente aos parâmetros analisados: inibiu o ganho de peso dos animais, reduziu a formação do líıquido ascítico, diminuiu a circunferência abdominal, reduziu a quantidade de células totais no sítio tumoral, modulou o perfil celular inflamatório, além de reverter as alterações histopatológicas provenientes do desenvolvimento do TAE

Impactos trabalhistas e tributários da Lei n.º 14.020/2020 em meio à Covid-19

The research aims to measure the labor costs and tax impacts arising from Law No. 14.020, of July 6th, 2020 (resulting from the conversion of Provisional Measure No. 936, of April 1st, 2020), which established the Emergency Program for Employment Maintenance and Income (relaunched by Provisional Measure No. 1.045, of April 27th, 2021), in agents: government, company, and employees. A case study was carried out with the textile industry, segregating the variables impacted by the adoption of the law regarding burdens and bonuses and regarding labor costs and tax impacts for the subjects involved. The company's monthly working capital bonus, which is the object of this study, after the 25% reduction in working hours to the suspension of contracts, would vary, respectively, between 43.1 and 132.7 thousand reais, the counterpart of burden between 41.5 and 110.3 thousand reais in the government and between 3.4 and 28.2 thousand reais in employees. The option for suspension in March and April saved him 265.5 thousand reais and preserved 97.7% of his jobs. This research serves as a model for the application of options generated by the government in contingencies that affect the labor market, in addition to contributing to the literature as a diagnosis of the effects of these actions.A pesquisa tem como objetivo mensurar os custos trabalhistas e os impactos tributários oriundos da Lei n.º 14.020, de 6 julho de 2020 (decorrente da conversão da Medida Provisória n.º 936, de 1º de abril de 2020), que instituiu o Programa Emergencial de Manutenção do Emprego e da Renda (relançado pela Medida Provisória n.º 1.045, de 27 de abril de 2021), nos agentes: governo, empresa e empregados. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com uma indústria têxtil, segregando as variáveis impactadas com a adoção da lei quanto a ônus e bônus e quanto a custos trabalhistas e impactos tributários para os sujeitos envolvidos. O bônus de capital de giro mensal da empresa, objeto deste estudo, da redução de jornada de 25% à suspensão dos contratos, variou, respectivamente, entre 43,1 e 132,7 mil reais, à contrapartida de ônus entre 41,5 e 110,3 mil reais no governo e entre 3,4 e 28,2 mil reais nos funcionários. A opção pela suspensão, em abril e maio, gerou economia de 265,5 mil reais e preservou 97,7% dos seus empregos. O estudo serve como modelo de aplicação das opções geradas pelo poder público em contingências que afetam o mercado de trabalho, contribuindo para a literatura como diagnóstico dos efeitos dessas ações

The policy cycle approach in Brazilian Postgraduate Programs: a map of theses and dissertations

This article is based on an analysis of documents from the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). We searched theses and dissertations presented from 2000 to 2017, at Brazilian graduate programs, that investigated public policies and elaborated their respective analyzes through the policy cycle approach, authored by Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe et al. It briefly describes this approach and examines theses and dissertations, identifying the public policies and the research questions, as well as the type, institutional affiliation and date of the work - Dissertation or Thesis, programme and institution in which it was produced, location and year. We cataloged 78 PhD Theses and 92 MPhil Dissertations which evidenced the meaningful use of policy cycle approach in Brazilian Postgraduate Programmes. The results showed that all the academic production comes from universities, 74.1% from public and 25.9% from private institutions, predominantly of the south and southeast regions of the country, and within them from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (at UFRGS) and Rio de Janeiro (at UERJ)

Numerical vibration analysis of a gantry with and without prestress : case study Trussed Crane

Este trabalho apresenta a análise dinâmica de uma grua ascensional através do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). A análise das vibrações nesse tipo de estrutura é de suma importância, pois possibilita a verificação da segurança e estabilidade durante toda a sua vida útil. O objetivo do estudo é verificar as frequências naturais e os modos de vibração da estrutura através de diferentes simulações de um modelo simplificado (2D). A abordagem é feita em dois estudos de caso: grua com a) cabos não protendidos e b) cabos protendidos. A metodologia propôs o desenvolvimento de implementação em MATLAB e simulações em softwares comerciais (ANSYS/Abaqus) que utilizam MEF na resolução de problemas modais. Os resultados mostram que os modos de vibração obtidos em todas as simulações coincidem entre si e que as frequências obtidas são muito próximas, principalmente no caso de cabos sem protensão, atingindo erros menores a 0.05%. No caso da grua com cabos protendidos, os erros obtidos são pontuais e bem maiores em algumas frequências, mas apesar disso, os resultados são satisfatórios, confirmando a adequação da metodologia proposta no presente estudo.This work presents the dynamic analysis of an ascending crane using the Finite Element Method (MEF). The analysis of vibrations in this type of structure is of paramount importance, as it allows the verification of safety and stability throughout its useful life. The objective of the study is to verify the natural frequencies and the vibration modes of the structure through different simulations of a simplified model (2D). The approach is made in two case studies: crane with a) non-prestressed cables and b) prestressed cables. The methodology proposed the development of implementation in MATLAB and simulations in commercial software (ANSYS / Abaqus) that use MEFto solve modal problems. The results show that the vibration modes obtained in all simulations coincide with each other and that the frequencies obtained are very close, especially in the case of cables without prestressing, reaching errors below 0.05%. In the case of the crane with prestressed cables, the errors obtained are punctual and much higher in some frequencies, but despite this, the results are satisfactory, confirming the adequacy of the methodology proposed in the present study

Life estimates for fatigue crack growth with constantamplitude loading using numerical integration

A mecânica da fratura tem sido amplamente considerada na concepção de projetos e no desenvolvimento do plano de manutenção de componentes mecânicos. A boa previsão de falha influencia diretamente no custo econômico do projeto, possibilitando ser mais assertivo na determinação da vida segura em componentes mecânicos na presença de trinca. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de uma rotina numérica capaz de estimara vida útil para o crescimento de trincas por fadiga. Além disso, testes experimentais são empregados para definir as propriedades mecânicas do alumínio 7075 T6 como tenacidade à fratura e coeficientes C e m, da lei de Paris para o crescimento de trincas. O ensaio de crescimento de trinca por fadiga obtida experimentalmente é comparado ao método de integração numérica desenvolvida para uma carga de amplitude constante(R=0,1). Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, permitindo obter valores confiáveis para as constantes de Paris. O método numérico implementado apresentou boa precisão para predizer a taxa de propagação de trincas quando comparado aos dados disponíveis na literatura para o material avaliado.Fracture mechanics has been widely consideredin the design of projects and the development of the maintenance plan for mechanicalcomponents. The goodprediction of failure influences the economic cost of the project directly, making it possible to be more assertive in determining the safe life in mechanical components in the presence of a crack.In this sense, several studies havebeendevoted to this subject in order toimprovethe prediction of failures.The objective of this work is to develop a numerical routine capable of estimating the life for fatigue crack growth. Additionally, experimental tests are employed todefine the mechanical properties of 7075 T6 aluminum as fracture toughness and Paris law and coefficients for crack growth.The fatigue crack growth test obtained experimentally is compared to the developednumerical integration method for a load ofconstant amplitude (). The obtained results were satisfactory, enabling to obtain reliable values for the Paris constants. The implemented numerical method showed good accuracy for predicting the crack propagation rate when compared to those data available in the literature

CVDentus bur for epithelial abrasion in the treatment of melanin pigmentation: case report

Introduction: The gingival melanin hyperpigmentation (GMH) is resulted from an abnormal deposition of melanin, but it is not a pathology. However, GMH is an esthetic problem for some people. Some alternatives of treatment for this situation exist. The epithelial abrasion has been an interesting alternative because it has a satisfactory esthetic outcome, is a fast procedure, of easy execution, and low cost. Recently, tips adapted in ultrasound (CVDentus) can bean alternative approach. Objective: To report a clinical case of GMH treated by the technique of the epithelial abrasion with association of instrument adapted in ultrasound. Case report: Patient aged 28 years, melanoderm, sought treatment due to esthetic dissatisfaction because of intense dark color in the maxillary gingiva. The GMH removal was proposed through the technique of the epithelialabrasion CVD bur. Conclusion: The technique of epithelial abrasion using CVD bur was effective in removing GMH at one-year follow-up showing to be easy and safe technique.Introduction: The gingival melanin hyperpigmentation (GMH) is resulted from an abnormal deposition of melanin, but it is not a pathology. However, GMH is an esthetic problem for some people. Some alternatives of treatment for this situation exist. The epithelial abrasion has been an interesting alternative because it has a satisfactory esthetic outcome, is a fast procedure, of easy execution, and low cost. Recently, tips adapted in ultrasound (CVDentus) can bean alternative approach. Objective: To report a clinical case of GMH treated by the technique of the epithelial abrasion with association of instrument adapted in ultrasound. Case report: Patient aged 28 years, melanoderm, sought treatment due to esthetic dissatisfaction because of intense dark color in the maxillary gingiva. The GMH removal was proposed through the technique of the epithelialabrasion CVD bur. Conclusion: The technique of epithelial abrasion using CVD bur was effective in removing GMH at one-year follow-up showing to be easy and safe technique