Clean Boating

Learn how to protect your boat, help control costs at the marina, and conserve the environment. This issue tells vessel owners the importance of communicating with marina management, responding properly to fuel spills, and using best management practices in waste disposal. Pointers are also included on how to avoid fire danger, prevent corrosion and electrolysis, follow safe procedures during fueling, and take necessary steps to winterize and store your vessel. This is volume 4 of the "Alaska Seas and Coasts" series.Ye

An Outcomes Comparison of Treatment of Cervical Dysfunction by Strain/Counterstrain or Mckenzie\u27s Exercises

Manual therapy techniques such as Strain/Counterstrain and McKenzie\u27s exercises must be formally studied and scientifically proven in order to receive reimbursement from third party payers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of SCS and McKenzie protocol on cervical somatic dysfunction by performing a chart review. Twenty-six adult subjects who were previously diagnosed with cervical somatic dysfunction were included (McKenzie group n=10, SCS n=16). Subjects were not significantly different in age, sex, or cause of dysfunction. Results: paired sample t tests showed a significant reduction in pain for the SCS group (p\u3c.05). The SCS group had a shorter treatment duration, fewer treatments, and lower cost although ANOV A showed that they were not statistically less than the McKenzie group. Paired samples t test showed a significant improvement in all cervical motions except extension for the SCS group (p\u3c.05). Based on the results of this chart review, the SCS protocol is as effective as the McKenzie protocol in treating cervical somatic dysfunction, and SCS is effective in treating pain and increasing cervical ROM for patients with cervical dysfunction

An Analysis of the Marketing Practices of Selected North Dakota Banks

This thesis describes and analyzes the marketing practices of selected banks in North Dakota. The data were obtained principally from a survey of banks in North Dakota. A mail questionnaire was sent to all banks with over $5,000,000 in deposits and a 73 percent return was received. The main topics discussed in the thesis were: historical development of bank marketing, bank marketing activities, bank marketing planning, bank marketing management, retail and wholesale marketing practices, pricing bank services, budgeting for bank marketing activities and advertising practices of North Dakota banks. Bank marketing activities include planping, research, advertising, public relations, services design, pricing and selling. These activities have been practiced in various forms and degrees by banks since the conception of banking in the United States. Stock corporation and independent banks located in the larger cities of North Dakota and that have deposits over$20,000,000 appear to be most knowledgeable about marketing. These banks usually have one person solely responsible for the management of the bank\u27s marketing activities. Only twenty-eight percent of the respondent banks had written marketing plans. In comparison sixty-three percent of the banks budgeted for their marketing effort. North Dakota banks, in general, placed great importance on advertising as a marketing activity. Most respondent banks ranked newspapers as their most important medium as well as their most effective medium

Organizational Climate and School Size Related to Student Self-Concept and Attitude Toward School

The Problem: This study had as its purpose the investigation of the nature and the degree of the relationship between the size of a secondary school, the organizational climate of the school and the student background transeunt effects on student attitude toward school, and on student self-concept. This study investigated the differences which existed between school size and selected student and teacher variables; and, then, if there were differences, to discover the nature of those differences. Sample: Based on the secondary school population, thirty-four North Dakota secondary schools were divided into: school size 1 ( over 1,000 ), school size 2 (501-1,000), school size 3 (251-500), school size 4 (100-250), and school size 5 ( under 100 ). The samples per school size consisted of 160 second semester, 12th grade students and 40 faculty members engaged in the teaching-learning processes of the student sample. Therefore, the universal sample consisted of 800 students and 200 faculty members. Procedure: Data for the study were gathered by administering the Self Appraisal Inventory and the School Sentiment Index to the student sample and the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire to the faculty sample. These instruments were administered to the research population during the month of March, 1972. Summary of the Findings: 1. The most favorable combination of factors affecting student success in secondary schools in North Dakota were: (a) a positive student attitude toward school, (b) positive family ties and influence, and (c) a high school principal whose behavior is characterized by his evident effort to move the organization through example. A negative learning situation is one where: (a) a student has a negative attitude toward teachers because of the mode of instruction, (b) a student feels that he cannot be trusted, and (c) teachers are characterized by low esprit. 2. Secondary schools with over 500 students developed the most favorable school climate as measured by the school staff. 3. Schools of 500 and fewer students provided more favorable developmental climates for positive student self-concept and attitude toward school. 4. Participation in school sports has a high transeunt peer value but no significant transeunt value to teacher instruction, authority and control, interpersonal relationships, or learning. 5. Student participation in journalism has the highest transeunt value of all school activities. 6. Farm backgrounds provided higher positive attitude toward school and had high peer value. 7. Students who plan to continue their education had a higher positive self-concept and attitude toward school. 8. Work in the household was most beneficial to a student in terms of self-concept and attitude toward school. 9. The size of a student\u27s family or the order of his birth had no significant transeunt effect. 10. If a student considers himself in the upper one-half of his class, the transeunt value significantly enhances his self- concept and attitude toward school. 11. Girls have significantly higher self-concepts and attitudes toward school than do the boys

Denning Ecology of Wolves in East-Central Alaska, 1993–2017

 Dens are a focal point in the life history and ecology of gray wolves (Canis lupus), and their location can influence access to key resources, productivity, survivorship, and vulnerability to hunting, trapping, and control efforts. We analyzed the selection of den sites and the phenology of their use inside the Yukon-Charley River National Preserve from 1993 to 2017 to enhance our understanding of this resource. At the landscape scale, we found that wolves in east-central Alaska selected den sites that were lower in elevation, snow free earlier in the spring, exposed to greater solar radiation, and closer to water. Den sites were also associated with areas that had burned less recently and had lower terrain ruggedness at the 1 km scale. These results supported our hypothesis that wolves would den relatively close to essential resources (water and prey) and in areas that are drier (melt earlier) in the spring. At the home range scale, wolves also selected den sites at lower elevations and showed a strong selection for the center of their home range. Furthermore, the average distance between active den sites was 37.3 km, which is slightly greater than the average radius (32.5 km) of a home range of a pack. Our results support our hypothesis that dynamic social factors modulate the selection of environmental factors for den site location. Wolves den away from other packs to reduce competition and exposure to intraspecific conflict. High-quality denning habitat does not currently appear to be a limiting factor for this population. Females, on average, entered their dens on 10 May, stayed inside the den for eight days, and remained less than 1 km from the den for an additional six days after emerging. We found that wolves denning at higher elevations entered their dens later than those at lower elevations, which also supported one of our hypotheses. Lastly, we documented limited evidence of earlier denning over time. Long-term monitoring projects, such as ours, are critical in identifying these types of trends. Les tanières sont un point central du cycle biologique et de l’écologie du loup gris (Canis lupus). Leur emplacement peut influencer l’accès aux ressources principales, la productivité, la survie et la vulnérabilité à la chasse, au piégeage et aux mesures de contrôle. Afin de mieux comprendre cette ressource, nous avons analysé la sélection des emplacements de tanières et la phénologie de leur utilisation dans la réserve nationale Yukon-Charley Rivers pour les années allant de 1993 à 2017. À l’échelle du paysage, nous avons trouvé que les loups du centre-est de l’Alaska choisissaient des emplacements de tanières en moins grande altitude, plus près de l’eau, où la neige fondait plus vite au printemps et où le rayonnement solaire était plus grand. Par ailleurs, les emplacements des tanières étaient caractérisés par des secteurs brûlés moins récemment et un relief accidenté plus bas à l’échelle de 1 km. Ces résultats ont permis d’appuyer notre hypothèse selon laquelle les loups établiraient leur tanière relativement près des ressources essentielles (eau et proies), dans des endroits plus secs (fonte hâtive) au printemps. À l’échelle du domaine vital, les loups choisissaient aussi des emplacements de tanières en plus faible altitude, avec une forte propension pour le centre de leur domaine. De plus, la distance moyenne entre les tanières actives était de 37,3 km, ce qui est un peu plus grand que le rayon moyen (32,5 km) du domaine vital d’une meute. Nos résultats viennent appuyer notre hypothèse voulant que les facteurs sociodynamiques modulent la sélection de facteurs environnementaux pour l’emplacement des tanières. Les loups établissent leurs tanières à l’écart d’autres meutes afin de réduire la compétition et les possibilités de conflits intraspécifiques. En ce moment, la haute qualité de l’habitat pour l’établissement des tanières ne semble pas être un facteur limitant pour cette population. En moyenne, les femelles s’installaient dans leur tanière le 10 mai, y restaient pendant huit jours et demeuraient à moins d’un kilomètre de leur tanière pendant six autres jours après leur sortie. Nous avons remarqué que les loups optant pour des tanières en plus haute altitude s’y installaient plus tard que ceux en plus faible altitude, ce qui étayait aussi une de nos hypothèses. En dernier lieu, nous avons documenté les preuves restreintes d’établissement plus hâtif dans les tanières au fil des ans. Les projets de surveillance à long terme comme le nôtre jouent un rôle primordial dans la détermination de ces types de tendances. 

Deciphering the functions of O-GlcNAc glycosylation in the brain: The role of site-specific quantitative O-GlcNAcomics

The dynamic posttranslational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is present on thousands of intracellular proteins in the brain. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation is inducible and plays important functional roles in both physiology and disease. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and bioconjugation methods are now enabling the mapping of O-GlcNAcylation events to individual sites in proteins. However, our understanding of which glycosylation events are necessary for regulating protein function and controlling specific processes, phenotypes, or diseases remains in its infancy. Given the sheer number of O-GlcNAc sites, methods for identifying promising sites and prioritizing them for time- and resource-intensive functional studies are greatly needed. Revealing sites that are dynamically altered by different stimuli or disease states will likely go a long way in this regard. Here, we describe advanced methods for identifying O-GlcNAc sites on individual proteins and across the proteome and for determining their stoichiometry in vivo. We also highlight emerging technologies for quantitative, site-specific MS-based O-GlcNAc proteomics (O-GlcNAcomics), which allow proteome-wide tracking of O-GlcNAcylation dynamics at individual sites. These cutting-edge technologies are beginning to bridge the gap between the high-throughput cataloguing of O-GlcNAcylated proteins and the relatively low-throughput study of individual proteins. By uncovering the O-GlcNAcylation events that change in specific physiological and disease contexts, these new approaches are providing key insights into the regulatory functions of O-GlcNAc in the brain, including their roles in neuroprotection, neuronal signaling, learning and memory, and neurodegenerative diseases

Some Conditional Estimation Problems with Applications to Estimating the Probability of Misclassification

1 online resource (PDF, 12 pages