11 research outputs found

    Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC

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    Design challenges for implementing a customer driven mass-customisation system

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    The trend towards highly customised products and services creates challenges in that as products become ever more individualised the customer will start to become the product designer and will need to be able to deal with the challenges that a professional product designer has to address. A novice, non-designer, customer will know how they want their product to look but may be unaware of the engineering and production limitations that will prevent them from realising their desire. This presents massive problems when reconciling the desires and needs of the customer with the need to achieve mass-production levels of efficiency. This paper examines the challenges that must be overcome in order to enable consumers to actively participate in the design of customised products and proposes a potential system to do thi

    Probe beam image detection for mode-mismatched dual beam thermal lens spectrometry

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    A model for CW induced mode-mismatched dual-beam thermal lens spectrometry using the whole probe beam profile has been developed. This model quantitatively describes the intensity distribution before and after the thermal lens has been created. It is considered that after passing through the thermal lens, the TM00 Gaussian probe beam becomes the superposition of several Gaussian beams of different parameters. A compact mathematical expression was obtained, which allows absolute measurements of opthothermal properties of transparent samples. Experimental proofs have been displayed

    Enhancing and Regulating Neurite Outgrowth

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    CMS physics technical design report: Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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    This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies ,will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low pT inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high pT hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction.0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    A New Boson with a Mass of 125 GeV Observed with the CMS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

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    The Higgs boson was postulated nearly five decades ago within the framework of the standard model of particle physics and has been the subject of numerous searches at accelerators around the world. Its discovery would verify the existence of a complex scalar field thought to give mass to three of the carriers of the electroweak force-the W+, W-, and Z(0) bosons-as well as to the fundamental quarks and leptons. The CMS Collaboration has observed, with a statistical significance of five standard deviations, a new particle produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The evidence is strongest in the diphoton and four-lepton (electrons and/or muons) final states, which provide the best mass resolution in the CMS detector. The probability of the observed signal being due to a random fluctuation of the background is about 1 in 3 x 10(6). The new particle is a boson with spin not equal to 1 and has a mass of about 1.25 giga-electron volts. Although its measured properties are, within the uncertainties of the present data, consistent with those expected of the Higgs boson, more data are needed to elucidate the precise nature of the new particle
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