Origine de la minéralisation des eaux des aquifères discontinus sous couvert forestier de la zone Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire : cas de la région d’Abidjan-Agboville

Les eaux souterraines constituent l’une des principales sources d’approvisionnement en eau potable de la population de la région d’Agboville-Abidjan. Cette étude se propose d’améliorer les connaissances sur les nappes souterraines et de déterminer l’origine de la minéralisation des eaux souterraines de la région à partir d’une combinaison des méthodes hydrochimiques et de l’analyse statistique multivariée. L’étude hydrochimique montre que les eaux de la région ont une température moyenne de 27,7 ± 0,1 °C. Elles sont acides, avec un pH qui varie entre 3,8 et 6,9. Ces eaux sont faiblement minéralisées, ce qui confirme un trait chimique bien connu dans le pays et une diversité de faciès chimiques en rapport avec la nature lithologique des terrains. Cependant, d’importantes valeurs de la conductivité ont été révélées dans les eaux de certaines localités telles que Gori M’Po (819 μS.cm-1) et Lobo Akoudzin (503 μS.cm-1). Dans la région, les eaux souterraines se regroupent en quatre hydrofaciès qui sont dominés par les eaux bicarbonatées calciques (61%) et les eaux chlorurées sodi-potassiques (22%). Les faciès bicarbonatés sodi-potassiques (10%), et chlorurés calciques (7%) sont peu représentés dans ces eaux. Les principaux ions à l’origine de la minéralisation des eaux sont issus de l’altération des roches, de l’hydrolyse des minéraux silicatés tels que l’anorthite dans les plagioclases et de la décomposition des minéraux ferro-magnésiens comme la biotite et l’amphibole présentes dans les roches. A cela s’ajoute le pluviolessivage des sols et une pollution d’origine humaine liée aux activités anthropiques.Mots clés. Abidjan-Agboville, analyse multivariée, eaux souterraines et hydrochimie

Formulation D’Aliments Infantiles a Base De Farines D’Igname Enrichies Au Soja

The aim of this study was to determine factors to be taken into account in the infant flours formulated from yam and soy fermented flours. For this purpose, soybean flour (Glycine max) was fermented for 48 hours and incorporated into yam flour (Dioscorea rotundata-cayenensis, kponan and Dioscorea alata, Bête Bètè) fermented for 24 hours at different levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%). Nutrient qualities of gruel of the formulations thus prepared were evaluated. Protein content increased with the rate of soy incorporated. For D. alata, protein content ranged from 6.56 ± 0.01 g / 100 g (unfermented yam flour) and 7.38 ± 0.27 01 g / 100 g (fermented yam flour) to 21.88 ± 1.09 g / 100 g of 40% soy rate incorporation. For D. cayenensis, protein content ranged from 4.81 ± 0.01 g / 100 g (unfermented yam flour) and 5.25 ± 0.43 g / 100 (fermented yam flour) to 20.92 ± 0,21 g / 100 g of 40% soy rate incorporation. Fermentation of yams and soybeans induces an increase of protein content in yam and soy based flours. Protein content in most formulated complementary foods containing soy flours were comparable to values of commercial flours (FARINOR® and SOJABEBE®). However, formulated flours were poor in calcium, iron and zinc. Calcium content of formulated yam based flours was lower than commercial one; FARINOR® (136.36mg/100kcal) and SOJABEBE® (66.88mg/100kcal). Iron densities ranged from 0,18mg/100kcal (SOJABEBE®) to 3.81mg/100 kcal (FARINOR®). The results obtained show that, swelling power and solubility decreased with the rate of soy incorporated. In addition, phenolic compounds of fortified yam based flours with soy, resulted a lower content. 30 % incorporation of soy in yam flours, owing to increase significantly yam/soy based flours enzymatic hydrolysis?. Sensory tests limited maximum level of soy to 30% and 20%. Sensory profile of yam flour fortified with fermented soybeans (30% and 20%) was determined.Key words: infant flour, yam, soy, nutritio

Pemanfaatan Santan Instan Kadaluarsa Untuk Produksi Minyak Secara Fermentasi

This research use the expired instant coconut milk for 2 months. The goal is to find out whether the coconut milk can be used to produce oil. The method does is with variation of the total number of laru 0,5 mL oil; 0,75 mL; 1 mL; 1,25 mL; and 1,50 mL by volume per volume (v/v). the fermentation time and 18 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, and 36 minutes. Results of the study that the amount of oil the oil laru yield the highest oil is 1,50 mL with 28% yield and fermentation time of 30 hours, while the lowest was at the time of fermentation 18 hours i.e. 15%

Evaluation des propriétés hydrauliques des aquifères fracturés des formations cristalline et métamorphique dans la région des Lacs (centre de la Côte d’Ivoire)

Groundwater is the main source of water supply for rural populations in the Region des Lacs area in central Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). The area is underlain by the metamorphic and crystalline fractured hard rock aquifers. This paper focuses on the assessment of their hydraulic properties. To this end, a data base comprising pumping tests data and the technical reports were gathered. 105 values of transmissivity (T ) and specific capacity (Q/s) have been deduced after pumping tests interpretation by the Jacob recovery method. Statistical analyses of all these data have been done. Depth of wells range from 49.50 to 99 m with an average of 69 m. The thickness of the weathered zone has averaged 16.52 m and lies between 1.90 and 63.10 m. Wells average rate is 2.32 m3/s. The depths of open fractures are significantly in the first 60 meters of hard rock drilling and averaged 42.94 m. The transmissivity and specific capacity of each aquifer span over several orders of magnitude revealing the strong heterogeneity of the aquifer. Both variables are lognormal variables A significant empirical relationship between T and Q/s was found T = 0,937(Q/s)^1.118 with a coefficient of determination (R^2 = 0.82). This relationship enabled the transmissivity data to be supplemented with the 95% prediction interval in order to assess the uncertainty associated with the estimates of transmissivity in the area of the study. These results are significant and can be used as an input in forthcoming modeling these aquifers and facilitate groundwater management policy.[fr] Dans la région des Lacs, centre de la Côte d’Ivoire (Afrique de l’Ouest), l’alimentation en eau potable des populations rurales est assurée en majorité par les eaux souterraines contenues dans les aquifères discontinus cristallin et cristallophyllien. L’objet de cet article est d’évaluer les propriétés hydrauliques de ces aquifères afin d’entreprendre des études pour la gestion optimale de cette ressource. Pour ce faire, une compilation de données regroupant les fiches techniques de forage de même que les essais de pompage disponibles dans la région a été faite. L’interprétation des essais de pompage par la méthode de remontée de Jacob a permis de déterminer 105 valeurs de transmissivité (T ) et de débit spécifique (Q/s). Une analyse statistique des paramètres de forages et des paramètres hydrauliques déterminés a été réalisée. Les forages ont une profondeur totale qui varie de 49,50 à 99 m avec une moyenne de 69 m. L’épaisseur des altérites est comprise entre 1,90 et 63,10 m pour une moyenne de 16,52 m. Les forages ont un débit moyen de 2,32 m3/s. Les profondeurs de venues d’eau sont en moyenne de 42,94 m dans la roche non altérée. Les transmissivités et les débits spécifiques s’échelonnent sur trois ordres de grandeur avec des coefficients de variation supérieurs à 100% traduisant ainsi l’hétérogénéité structurale du milieu aquifère. Ces deux paramètres sont également distribués selon la loi log-normale au seuil de 10%. Une relation empirique significative entre la transmissivité et le débit spécifique a été établie. Elle permet d’estimer la transmissivité par l’expressionT = 0,937(Q/s)^1,118 avec R^2 = 0,82 dans un intervalle de confiance de 95% pour les aquifères de la zone d’étude. Ces résultats sont importants car, ils seront utiles dans les études de modélisation de ces aquifères et faciliteront la politique de gestion des eaux souterraines

Isolement par partition bio guidé du principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (Benth) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Objectif: Isoler le principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (MAR) lors de sa partition dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau), en utilisant le duodénum isolé de lapin comme marqueur de l’activité pharmacologique, afin d’identifier la fraction possédant la meilleure activité myostimulante.Méthodologie et résultats: le dispositif d’enregistrement de l’activité mécanique du duodénum isolé de lapin, a permis d’évaluer les propriétés pharmacologiques de MAR, des fractions ((hydro-alcoolique) F1, (cyclohexanique) F2, (aqueuse) F3, (acétate d’éthyle) F4 et (aqueuse) F5) et précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR dans différents solvants (70 % éthanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acétate d’éthyle / eau). Les effets myostimulants de MAR diminuent fortement en milieu physiologique sans calcium et contenant de l’EDTA. Les fractions, hydro-alcoolique (F1), aqueuses (F3 ; F5), et le précipité (P) obtenus par partition de MAR, stimulent l’activité contractile du duodénum de lapin. La fraction acétate d’éthyle (F4) est myorelaxante, La F2 (cyclo-hexanique) est sans effet. L’étude dose réponse de F5 à des concentrations allant de 20 à 240 Ig. mL-1, montre qu’elle est 120 % plus spasmogène que MAR. Ces effets inotropes positifs de F5 sont inhibés par l’atropine.Conclusion et application: Les principes actifs myostimulants de MAR augmenteraient l’amplitude des contractions du duodénum isolé de lapin en mobilisant principalement le calcium extracellulaire puis intracellulaire comme en témoigne le résultat de l’expérience avec l’EDTA. La forte activité spasmogène de la F5 et l’expérience avec l’atropine, suggèrent que la partition de MAR a enrichi la F5 en principe actifs myostimulants de nature cholinergique. Ces données indiquent que la partition peut contribuer à isoler de manière significative les principes actifs des plantes médicinales, y compris ceux de MAR aux propriétés myostimulantes, justifiant son utilisation comme laxatif.Mots clés: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, AtropineEnglish AbstractObjective: To isolate the myostimulant active principle in Mareya micrantha (MAR) aqueous extract during its partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous ethylacetate), while using the isolated rabbit duodenum as a pharmacological activity marker in order to identify the fraction having the best myostimulant activity.Methodology and results: The mechanical activity recording device of the isolated rabbit duodenum, allowed the assessment of the pharmacological properties of MAR, ((Hydro-alcoholic) F1, (cyclohexane) F2, (aqueous) F3, (ethylacetate) F4, (aqueous) F5) fractions and the precipitate (P) obtained by MAR partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous-ethylacetate). The myostimulant effects of MAR decrease strongly in physiological environment without calcium and in presence of the EDTA. The Hydro-alcoholic (F1) and aqueous fractions (F3; F5), and the precipitate (P) stimulate the rabbit duodenum contractile activity. The ethylacetate fraction (F4) is myorelaxant; the cyclohexane fraction (F2) has no effect. The Dose-response study of F5 with concentrations ranging from 20 to 240-Ig. ml -1, shows that it is 120% more spasmogen than MAR. These inotropic positive effects of aqueous fraction (F5) are inhibited by atropine.Conclusion and application: The myostimulant active principles of MAR increased the amplitude of the contractions of the isolated rabbit duodenum by mainly mobilizing the extracellular calcium then the intracellular calcium as with EDTA. The high spasmogen activity of the aqueous fraction (F5) and the experiences with atropine suggest that this partition of MAR enriched the F5 in myostimulant active principles of cholinergic nature. These data indicate that the partition can significantly contribute to isolate the active principles from MAR with myostimulant properties, justifying its use as laxative.Keywords: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, Atropin

Étude de la durabilité économique et environnementale de la production de manioc sur ferralsols

Objective: To evaluate the components of the sustainability of cassava cropping systems that rely on alley cropping. Methodology and results: The study consisted to cultivate improved cassava ( Yavo ) / green soybeans ( Mung Bean) / Gliricidia sepium with a basal dressing ( NPK [ 20: 36 : 36] or chicken manure [10 t / ha] ) compared to the traditional system consisting of a local variety of cassava and peanut intercropping on ferralsols. The sum of the new factors of production allowed a significant increase in the food output. In addition to bean production, organic manure and, potentially, fuel wood from G. sepium, the yield of cassava of the introduced variety Yavo was 40 t/ha compared to 13 t/ha in the traditional. The plant architecture of the new systems allowed a good soil cover, thus reducing the frequency of weeding, done traditionally by women. Conversely, workload for men increased. The new system was also economically viable. Conclusion and application of findings: As a whole, the suggested system appears to have a potential to contribute to agronomic, environmental, economic and social sustainability. The new systems could be recommended for the intensification of the cassava crop.Keywords: cassava, Gliricidia sepium, green soya, ferralsol, sustainability

Identification of 24 new microsatellite loci in the sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

OBJECTIVE: The objective here is to identify highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Palaearctic sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum. Sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) are widespread pollinators that exhibit an unusually large range of social behaviours from non-social, where each female nests alone, to eusocial, where a single queen reproduces while the other members of the colony help to rear her offspring. They thus represent excellent models for understanding social evolution. RESULTS: 24 new microsatellite loci were successfully optimized. When amplified across 23-40 unrelated females, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 17 and the observed heterozygosities 0.45 to 0.95. Only one locus showed evidence of significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found. These 24 loci will enable researchers to gain greater understanding of colony relationships within this species, an important model for the study of eusociality. Furthermore, 22 of the same loci were also successfully amplified in L. calceatum, suggesting that these loci may be useful for investigating the ecology and evolution of sweat bees in general

Nocardiosis in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant

34-year-old man with chronic renal and pancreas failure in complicated diabetic disease received a kidney-pancreas transplantation. On the 32nd postoperative day, an acute kidney rejection occurred and resolved with OKT3 therapy. The patient also presented refractory urinary infection by E. Fecalis and M. Morganii, and a focal bronchopneumonia in the right-basal lobe resolved with elective chemotherapy. During the 50th post-operative day, an intense soft tissue inflammation localized in the first left metatarsal-phalangeal articulation occurred (Figure 1) followed by an abscess with a cutaneous fistula and extension to the almost totality of foot area. The radiological exam revealed a small osteo-lacunar image localized in the proximal phalanx head of the first finger foot. From the cultural examination of the purulent material, N. Asteroides was identified. An amoxicillin-based treatment was started and continued for three months, with the complete resolution of infection This case is reported for its rarity in our casuistry, and for its difficult differential diagnosis with other potentially serious infections

Internet of Tangible Things: Workshop on Tangible Interaction with the Internet of Things

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings abundant new opportunities to create more effective and pleasing tangible user interfaces that capitalize on intuitive interaction in the physical world, whilst utilizing capabilities of sensed data and Internet connectivity. However, with these new opportunities come new challenges; little is still known how to best design tangible IoT interfaces that simultaneously provide engaging user experiences and foster a sense of understanding about the often-complex functionality of IoT systems. How should we map previous taxonomies and design principles for tangible interaction into the new landscape of IoT systems? This workshop will bring together a community of researchers from the fields of IoT and tangible interaction, in order to explore and discuss how parallels between tangible interaction and the properties of IoT systems can best be capitalised on as HCI research moves increasingly toward the Internet of Tangible Things (IoTT). Through ideation and discussion, the workshop will function as a springboard for the community to begin creating new taxonomies and design considerations for the emerging IoTT

Role of Mitochondrial Complex IV in Age-Dependent Obesity

Aging is associated with progressive white adipose tissue (WAT) enlargement initiated early in life, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here we show that mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) activity and assembly are already repressed in white adipocytes of middle-aged mice and involve a HIF1A-dependent decline of essential CIV components such as COX5B. At the molecular level, HIF1A binds to the Cox5b proximal promoter and represses its expression. Silencing of Cox5b decreased fatty acid oxidation and promoted intracellular lipid accumulation. Moreover, local in vivo Cox5b silencing in WAT of young mice increased the size of adipocytes, whereas restoration of COX5B expression in aging mice counteracted adipocyte enlargement. An age-dependent reduction in COX5B gene expression was also found in human visceral adipose tissue. Collectively, our findings establish a pivotal role for CIV dysfunction in progressive white adipocyte enlargement during aging, which can be restored to alleviate age-dependent WAT expansion