Hourglass SiO2 coating increases the performance of planar patch-clamp.

International audienceObtaining high-throughput electrophysiological recordings is an ongoing challenge in ion channel biophysics and drug discovery. One particular area of development is the replacement of glass pipettes with planar devices in order to increase throughput. However, successful patch-clamp recordings depend on a surface coating which ideally should promote and stabilize giga-seal formation. Here, we present data supporting the use of a structured SiO(2) coating to improve the ability of cells to form a "seal" with a planar patch-clamp substrate. The method is based on a correlation study taking into account structure and size of the pores, surface roughness and chip capacitance. The influence of these parameters on the quality of the seal was assessed. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) of SiO(2) led to an hourglass structure of the pore and a tighter seal than that offered by a flat, thermal SiO(2) surface. The performance of PECVD chips was validated by recording recombinant potassium channels, BK(Ca), expressed in stable HEK-293 cell lines and in inducible CHO cell lines and low conductance IRK1, and endogenous cationic currents from CHO cells. This multiparametric investigation led to the production of improved chips for planar patch-clamp applications which allow electrophysiological recordings from a wide range of cell lines

The development of high quality seals for silicon patch-clamp chips.

International audiencePlanar patch-clamp is a two-dimensional variation of traditional patch-clamp. By contrast to classical glass micropipette, the seal quality of silicon patch-clamp chips (i.e. seal resistance and seal success rate) have remained poor due to the planar geometry and the nature of the substrate and thus partially obliterate the advantages related to planar patch-clamp. The characterization of physical parameters involved in seal formation is thus of major interest. In this paper, we demonstrate that the physical characterization of surfaces by a set of techniques (Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), surface energy (polar and dispersive contributions), drop angles, impedance spectroscopy, combined with a statistical design of experiments (DOE)) allowed us discriminating chips that provide relevant performances for planar patch-clamp analysis. Analyses of seal quality demonstrate that dispersive interactions and micropore size are the most crucial physical parameters of chip surfaces, by contrast to surface roughness and dielectric membrane thickness. This multi-scale study combined with electrophysiological validation of chips on a diverse set of cell-types expressing various ion channels (IRK1, hERG and hNa(v)1.5 channels) unveiled a suitable patch-clamp chip candidate. This original approach may inspire novel strategies for selecting appropriate surface parameters dedicated to biochips

Conception et validation d'une « puce patch-clamp » en silicium pour paralléliser et automatiser les mesures électriques sur cellules individualisées.

Planar patch-clamp, a method to measure ionic currents by using on-planar substrate structured microholes, allows parallelizing measurements as needed by pharmaceutical companies. First, we have made a device allowing us to test our silicon chip and to demonstrate its ability to record ionic currents. Then, we have made improvements to the chip performances and sensitivity by optimizing the interaction of living cells with geometrical and physico-chemical parameters of the chip and by decreasing the chip capacitance. Thanks to this method, we have designed a chip leading to more than 80 % of usable seals and electrophysiological experiments presented in this study reveal the robustness, the reliability and the sensitivity of the device.Le patch-clamp planaire, technique utilisant des microtrous structurés sur un substrat plan, permet d'envisager la parallélisation des mesures de courants ioniques sur cellules individualisées, répondant ainsi à une demande des industries pharmaceutiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons élaboré un démonstrateur de laboratoire permettant de tester des puces en silicium et démontrer leur potentiel pour l'enregistrement des courants ioniques. Nous avons ensuite procédé à l'amélioration de la sensibilité et des performances de la puce en optimisant l'interaction de la cellule avec les paramètres géométriques et physico-chimiques de la puce et en réduisant la capacité de la puce. Cette démarche a permis de concevoir une puce offrant 80 % de scellements exploitables et les validations électrophysiologiques présentées témoignent de la robustesse, de la fiabilité et de la sensibilité du système

Conception et validation d'une « puce patch-clamp » en silicium pour paralléliser et automatiser les mesures électriques sur cellules individualisées.

Planar patch-clamp, a method to measure ionic currents by using on-planar substrate structured microholes, allows parallelizing measurements as needed by pharmaceutical companies. First, we have made a device allowing us to test our silicon chip and to demonstrate its ability to record ionic currents. Then, we have made improvements to the chip performances and sensitivity by optimizing the interaction of living cells with geometrical and physico-chemical parameters of the chip and by decreasing the chip capacitance. Thanks to this method, we have designed a chip leading to more than 80 % of usable seals and electrophysiological experiments presented in this study reveal the robustness, the reliability and the sensitivity of the device.Le patch-clamp planaire, technique utilisant des microtrous structurés sur un substrat plan, permet d'envisager la parallélisation des mesures de courants ioniques sur cellules individualisées, répondant ainsi à une demande des industries pharmaceutiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons élaboré un démonstrateur de laboratoire permettant de tester des puces en silicium et démontrer leur potentiel pour l'enregistrement des courants ioniques. Nous avons ensuite procédé à l'amélioration de la sensibilité et des performances de la puce en optimisant l'interaction de la cellule avec les paramètres géométriques et physico-chimiques de la puce et en réduisant la capacité de la puce. Cette démarche a permis de concevoir une puce offrant 80 % de scellements exploitables et les validations électrophysiologiques présentées témoignent de la robustesse, de la fiabilité et de la sensibilité du système

Ion channel recordings on an injection-molded polymer chip

In this paper, we demonstrate recordings of the ion channel activity across the cell membrane in a biological cell by employing the so-called patch clamping technique on an injection-molded polymer microfluidic device. The findings will allow direct recordings of ion channel activity to be made using the cheapest materials and production platform to date and with the potential for very high throughput. The employment of cornered apertures for cell capture allowed the fabrication of devices without through holes and via a scheme comprising master origination by dry etching in a silicon substrate, electroplating in nickel and injection molding of the final part. The most critical device parameters were identified as the length of the patching capillary and the very low surface roughness on the inside of the capillary. The cross-sectional shape of the orifice was found to be less critical, as both rectangular and semicircular profiles seemed to have almost the same ability to form tight seals with cells with negligible leak currents. The devices were functionally tested using human embryonic kidney cells expressing voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7) and benchmarked against a commercial state-of-the-art system for automated ion channel recordings. These experiments considered current–voltage (IV) relationships for activation and inactivation of the Nav1.7 channels and their sensitivity to a local anesthetic, lidocaine. Both IVs and lidocaine dose–response curves obtained from the injection-molded polymer device were in good agreement with data obtained from the commercial system