Refinement of 1p36 Alterations Not Involving PRDM16 in Myeloid and Lymphoid Malignancies

Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to characterize 81 cases of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies with cytogenetic 1p36 alterations not affecting the PRDM16 locus. In total, three subgroups were identified: balanced translocations (N = 27) and telomeric rearrangements (N = 15), both mainly observed in myeloid disorders; and unbalanced non-telomeric rearrangements (N = 39), mainly observed in lymphoid proliferations and frequently associated with a highly complex karyotype. The 1p36 rearrangement was isolated in 12 cases, mainly myeloid disorders. The breakpoints on 1p36 were more widely distributed than previously reported, but with identifiable rare breakpoint cluster regions, such as the TP73 locus. We also found novel partner loci on 1p36 for the known multi-partner genes HMGA2 and RUNX1. We precised the common terminal 1p36 deletion, which has been suggested to have an adverse prognosis, in B-cell lymphomas [follicular lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with t(14;18)(q32;q21) as well as follicular lymphomas without t(14;18)]. Intrachromosomal telomeric repetitive sequences were detected in at least half the cases of telomeric rearrangements. It is unclear how the latter rearrangements occurred and whether they represent oncogenic events or result from chromosomal instability during oncogenesis

Integrated genomics analysis of colon cancer and therapeutic impact

Le cancer du côlon (CC) est le 3ème cancer le plus fréquent en France avec plus de 40 000 nouveaux cas diagnostiqués par an. Vingt-cinq à 40% des CC sont diagnostiqués à un stade II. La majorité des CC de stade II ne nécessite pas de traitement adjuvant par chimiothérapie, cependant, environ 20% de ces patients vont évoluer avec l'apparition de métastases viscérales. Or, seuls les facteurs histopathologiques ou la détermination du statut avec instabilité des microsatellites (type MSI) permettent d’orienter ou non vers une chimiothérapie complémentaire à la chirurgie. La majorité des CC de stade II ont un profil avec stabilité des microsatellites (type MSS) et les facteurs pronostiques actuels sont mal définis. La découverte de marqueurs pronostiques pour ces patients est donc un enjeu majeur de la prise en charge du CC. De cette façon, notre équipe a mis en évidence l’existence d’une signature moléculaire sur 166 tumeurs, portant sur l’expression différentielle de 7 gènes, entre les tumeurs de CC de stade II et les tumeurs de CC de stade III. Ensuite, le statut mutationnel des gènes KRAS et BRAF, effectué sur 803 CC métastatiques, a mis en évidence que la mutation BRAF V600E est principalement associée au CC de type MSS suggérant un impact pronostique négatif. Enfin, l’étude du statut du gène APC (mutations, LOH, hyperméthylation du promoteur) sur 183 CC de stade II montre que ce gène n’est vraisemblablement pas impliqué dans le développement de métastases du CC. En perspective de ce travail, l’arrivée de techniques de séquençage de nouvelle génération permet d’envisager un traitement adapté à la tumeur, orientant vers une médecine personnalisée.Colon cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in France with 40000 new cases diagnosed every year. For thirty years, death-rate has decreased through better therapeutic and screening management, and 40% of CC are diagnosed of stage II. Most of stage II CC do not require chemiotherapy adjuva,t to surgical resection. About 20% of patients with stage II CC relapse within 5 years following the diagnosis. Except microsatelitte instability (MSI) incombination with few hispathologic parameters, the molecular prognosis factors are not well defined and remain a major biological challenge in stage II CC. Our study analyzed the molecular signature of 166 tumors and determined the different expression of seven genes between stage II and stage III CC. KRAS and BRAF mutations were determined on 803 metastatic CC showing an association between V600E BRAF mutation and tumors with microsatellite stability (MSS). This result suggests a negative prognostic impact of BRAF mutation in MSS CC. Finally, the APC gene statut (mutations, LOH, promoter hypermethylation) of 183 stage II CC shows that this gene is probably not involved in the metastatic process. Further developments will consist in applying the next generation sequencing to allow the simultaneous analysis of hundreds target genes. In this way, the treatment will be adapted to each tumor, moving towards personalized medicine

Athérosclérose et statines ( influence de la Fluvastatine sur l'expression des molécules d'adhérence et la génération de microparticules endothéliales )

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Timely Diagnosis of Disseminated Toxoplasmosis by Sputum Examination

The diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old allogeneic bone marrow recipient with graft-versus-host disease was determined by the detection of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in sputum smears. Sputum analysis is a valuable alternative in the clinical assessment of pulmonary toxoplasmosis, especially when conventional invasive techniques are not practicable

New Sensitive Method for the Measurement of Lysozyme and Lactoferrin to Explore Mucosal Innate Immunity. Part II: Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assay Used in HIV Patients with Oral Candidiasis

International audienceThe aim of this study was to explore lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). These proteins were measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, validated in Part I of this study, in paired serum and salivary secretions of 30 patients. Eleven HIV-positive patients without OPC, eight HIV-positive patients with OPC and eleven HIV-negative healthy subjects were included in the study. The relative coefficient of excretion of salivary albumin was used to establish protein origin. In serum, the low lactoferrin concentrations in HIV-infected patients with and without OPC (0.610 mg/l (p < 0.05) and 0.896 mg/l (p < 0.01) vs. 1.439 mg/l in healthy subjects) were probably due to a decrease in nonspecific immunity, particularly the polymorphonuclear cells. In HIV-infected patients with OPC, the high salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations (170.94 mg/l and 66.48 mg/l vs. 23.35 mg/l and 10.20 mg/l in healthy subjects, respectively) and their mean relative coefficient of excretion of above 1 indicated a high local production of lysozyme and lactoferrin in saliva. The development of OPC in HIV-infected patients could be a consequence of inefficient lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations and of decreased cooperation between innate and adaptative immune systems

Long-term efficacy of crizotinib in a metastatic papillary renal carcinoma with MET amplification: a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the 2nd most frequent histological type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 15% of all renal cell carcinoma. It has a poorer prognosis than clear cell RCC (ccRCC) with a lack of standard treatments. Case presentation We report the case of a 51 year old man with a metastatic pRCC (hepatic dome and left colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis) progressive after sunitinib, with a MET amplification. The patient was enrolled in the UNICANCER-sponsored AcSé crizotinib trial (NCT02034981), designed to give an access to crizotinib for patients with tumors harboring a genomic alteration on one of the biological targets of the drug. With 2nd line crizotinib (250 mg twice/day), the patient had a very good tolerance, a partial response in the target lesions using RECIST 1.1, and a 19 months’ clinical efficacy. Conclusions In metastatic pRCC with a MET amplification, crizotinib maybe a potential met-inhibitory therapeutic option

Diversity of TP53 Mutations in CLL: Retrospective Analysis of 450 Mutations from the French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO) Group

International audienc

The Broad Spectrum of TP53 Mutations in CLL: Evidence of Multiclonality and Novel Mutation Hotspots

International audienceTP53 aberrations are a major predictive factor of resistance to chemoimmunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and an assessment of them before each line of treatment is required for theranostic stratification. Acquisition of subclonal TP53 abnormalities underlies the evolution of CLL. To better characterize the distribution, combination, and impact of TP53 variants in CLL, 1,056 TP53 variants collected from 683 patients included in a multicenter collaborative study in France were analyzed and compared to UMD_CLL, a dataset built from published articles collectively providing 5,173 TP53 variants detected in 3,808 patients. Our analysis confirmed the presence of several CLL-specific hotspot mutations, including a two-base pair deletion in codon 209 and a missense variant at codon 234, the latter being associated with alkylating treatment. Our analysis also identified a novel CLL-specific variant in the splice acceptor signal of intron 6 leading to the use of a cryptic splice site, similarly utilized by TP53 to generate p53psi, a naturally truncated p53 isoform localized in the mitochondria. Examination of both UMD_CLL and several recently released large-scale genomic analyses of CLL patients confirmed that this splice variant is highly enriched in this disease when compared to other cancer types. Using a TP53-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism, we also confirmed that copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity is frequent in CLL. This event can lead to misinterpretation of TP53 status. Unlike other cancers, CLL displayed a high proportion of patients harboring multiple TP53 variants. Using both in silico analysis and single molecule smart sequencing, we demonstrated the coexistence of distinct subclones harboring mutations on distinct alleles. In summary, our study provides a detailed TP53 mutational architecture in CLL and gives insights into how treatments may shape the genetic landscape of CLL patients