Acceptance of a school menu according to the valuation of waste using the visual estimation Comstock method

Introducción: hay un gran interés en conocer el menú que se sirve en los comedores escolares, ya que han aumentado en ellos los niños que realizan su comida principal. Se han empleado distintos métodos para evaluar menús escolares, pero no permiten conocer lo que realmente ingieren los escolares. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la aceptación de los menús ofrecidos por el comedor escolar y detectar los alimentos menos consumidos. Material y métodos: se evaluaron 320 bandejas de una clase de 3º de educación primaria (8-9 años de edad). Se realizó la estimación visual de los residuos de dichas bandejas mediante el método Comstock por un dietista-nutricionista entrenado. Resultados: la media en la estimación de residuos según la escala Comstock fue 1,12 (28% de residuos; 25,25% para niños y 30,25% para niñas; p<0,05). El 17,2% de las bandejas no presentaron residuos, el 58,4% presentaron residuos de 1-25%, el 19,7% de entre 26-50% y el 4,7% de 51-100% de los residuos. Los alimentos más frecuentes como residuos en bandejas fueron verduras (24,1%), ensalada (22,5%) y legumbres (21,6%). Huevo y yogur no se encontraron como residuos. Las legumbres fueron los alimentos que dejan los escolares en mayor cantidad, con un 38,5% de residuos (1,54 en la escala Comstock). Las niñas dejan más verduras en el plato. Conclusiones: los menús ofrecidos en este comedor escolar son aceptados, ya que el 75,6% de las bandejas contienen ≤25% de residuos. Las verduras son los residuos que más predominan en las bandejas y las legumbres son los que dejan en mayor cantidad.Introduction: There is a great interest to know the menu that is served in the school canteens since children that eat their main food there have increased. Different methods have been used to evaluate the school menus, but they do not allow knowing what really the students consume. The aims are to know the acceptance of the menus offered by the school canteen and to detect the least consumed foods. Material and Methods: There were evaluated 320 trays from a class of 3rd of primary education. There was performed visual estimation of waste on the trays using the Comstock method by a trained nutritionist. Results: The average in the estimation of waste according to the Comstock scale was 1.12 (28% of waste; 25.25% for boys and 30.25% for girls; p<0.05). 17.2% of the trays did not contain waste, 58.4% contained between 1-25% of waste, 19.7% between 26-50% of waste, and 4.7% contained between 51-100% of waste. The most common wastes in the trays were vegetables (24.1%), salad (22.5%) and pulses (21.6%). Egg and yogurt were not found as waste. The main waste were pulses (38.5%; 1.54 in the scale Comstock). Girls leave more vegetables in the plate. Conclusions: Menus offered at the school canteen are accepted by the students since 75.6% of the trays contain ≤25% of waste. Vegetables are the most prevailing waste on the trays and pulses are those which leave in more quantity

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Aceptación de un menú escolar según la valoración de residuos del método de estimación visual Comstock

Introduction: There is a great interest to know the menu that is served in the school canteens since children that eat their main food there have increased. Different methods have been used to evaluate the school menus, but they do not allow knowing what really the students consume. The aims are to know the acceptance of the menus offered by the school canteen and to detect the least consumed foods. Material and Methods: There were evaluated 320 trays from a class of 3rd of primary education. There was performed visual estimation of waste on the trays using the Comstock method by a trained nutritionist. Results: The average in the estimation of waste according to the Comstock scale was 1.12 (28% of waste; 25.25% for boys and 30.25% for girls; p<0.05). 17.2% of the trays did not contain waste, 58.4% contained between 1-25% of waste, 19.7% between 26-50% of waste, and 4.7% contained between 51-100% of waste. The most common wastes in the trays were vegetables (24.1%), salad (22.5%) and pulses (21.6%). Egg and yogurt were not found as waste. The main waste were pulses (38.5%; 1.54 in the scale Comstock). Girls leave more vegetables in the plate. Conclusions: Menus offered at the school canteen are accepted by the students since 75.6% of the trays contain ≤25% of waste. Vegetables are the most prevailing waste on the trays and pulses are those which leave in more quantity.Introducción: hay un gran interés en conocer el menú que se sirve en los comedores escolares, ya que han aumentado en ellos los niños que realizan su comida principal. Se han empleado distintos métodos para evaluar menús escolares, pero no permiten conocer lo que realmente ingieren los escolares. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la aceptación de los menús ofrecidos por el comedor escolar y detectar los alimentos menos consumidos. Material y métodos: se evaluaron 320 bandejas de una clase de 3º de educación primaria (8-9 años de edad). Se realizó la estimación visual de los residuos de dichas bandejas mediante el método Comstock por un dietista-nutricionista entrenado. Resultados: la media en la estimación de residuos según la escala Comstock fue 1,12 (28% de residuos; 25,25% para niños y 30,25% para niñas; p<0,05). El 17,2% de las bandejas no presentaron residuos, el 58,4% presentaron residuos de 1-25%, el 19,7% de entre 26-50% y el 4,7% de 51-100% de los residuos. Los alimentos más frecuentes como residuos en bandejas fueron verduras (24,1%), ensalada (22,5%) y legumbres (21,6%). Huevo y yogur no se encontraron como residuos. Las legumbres fueron los alimentos que dejan los escolares en mayor cantidad, con un 38,5% de residuos (1,54 en la escala Comstock). Las niñas dejan más verduras en el plato. Conclusiones: los menús ofrecidos en este comedor escolar son aceptados, ya que el 75,6% de las bandejas contienen ≤25% de residuos. Las verduras son los residuos que más predominan en las bandejas y las legumbres son los que dejan en mayor cantidad

Targeting of replicating CD133 and OCT4/SOX2 expressing glioma stem cells selects a cell population that reinitiates tumors upon release of therapeutic pressure

The existence of radio- and chemotherapy-surviving cancer stem cells is currently believed to explain the inefficacy of anti-glioblastoma (GBM) therapies. The aim of this study was to determine if a therapeutic strategy specifically targeting GBM stem cells (GSC) would completely eradicate a GBM tumor. In both the in vitro and the in vivo models, ganciclovir therapy targeting proliferating GSC promotes the survival of a quiescent, stem-like cell pool capable of reproducing the tumor upon release of the therapeutic pressure. Images of small niches of therapy-surviving tumor cells show organized networks of vascular-like structures formed by tumor cells expressing CD133 or OCT4/SOX2. These results prompted the investigation of tumor cells differentiated to endothelial and pericytic lineages as a potential reservoir of tumor-initiating capacity. Isolated tumor cells with pericyte and endothelial cell lineage characteristics, grown under tumorsphere forming conditions and were able to reproduce tumors after implantation in mice. © 2019, The Author(s).This work was supported by MINECO/FEDER (SAF2015-64927-C2-1-R) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Terapia Celular-TERCEL) and CIBER Cardiovascular -(CB16/11/00403) as part of the Plan Nacional de I + D + I cofounded by ISCIII-Sudirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).Peer reviewe

Glioblastoma Bystander Cell Therapy: Improvements in Treatment and Insights into the Therapy Mechanisms

A preclinical model of glioblastoma (GB) bystander cell therapy using human adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) is used to address the issues of cell availability, quality, and feasibility of tumor cure. We show that a fast proliferating variety of hAMSCs expressing thymidine kinase (TK) has therapeutic capacity equivalent to that of TK-expressing hAMSCs and can be used in a multiple-inoculation procedure to reduce GB tumors to a chronically inhibited state. We also show that up to 25% of unmodified hAMSCs can be tolerated in the therapeutic procedure without reducing efficacy. Moreover, mimicking a clinical situation, tumor debulking previous to cell therapy inhibits GB tumor growth. To understand these striking results at a cellular level, we used a bioluminescence imaging strategy and showed that tumor-implanted therapeutic cells do not proliferate, are unaffected by GCV, and spontaneously decrease to a stable level. Moreover, using the CLARITY procedure for tridimensional visualization of fluorescent cells in transparent brains, we find therapeutic cells forming vascular-like structures that often associate with tumor cells. In vitro experiments show that therapeutic cells exposed to GCV produce cytotoxic extracellular vesicles and suggest that a similar mechanism may be responsible for the in vivo therapeutic effectiveness of TK-expressing hAMSCs. © 2018 The Author(s)This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (grant SAF2015-64927-C2-1-R), CIBER-BBN, CIBER Cardiovascular (grant CB16/11/00403), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa TerCel, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (grant BIO2015-66266-R). The authors specially thank Dr. Josep Roca from Delfos hospital (Dr. Roca i Noguera aesthetic surgery team) for the kind donation of liposuction for hAMSCs preparation, and to the services of cell culture (Catalonian Institute for Advanced Chemistry-Spanish National Research Council [IQAC-CISC]), animal care (IQAC-CSIC), cell sorting (Scientific and Technological Centers [CCiT]-University of Barcelona), confocal microscopy (CCiT-University of Barcelona), and Central Services for Research Support (SCAI) at the University of Málaga for their technician and specialized support.Peer reviewe

Epigenetic inactivation of the 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase NSUN7 is associated with clinical outcome and therapeutic vulnerability in liver cancer

Altres ajuts: The Australian National Medical Research Council (APP1061551, APP1135928) and the Australian Research Council (DP210102385)Background: RNA modifications are important regulators of transcript activity and an increasingly emerging body of data suggests that the epitranscriptome and its associated enzymes are altered in human tumors. Methods: Combining data mining and conventional experimental procedures, NSUN7 methylation and expression status was assessed in liver cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Loss-of-function and transfection-mediated recovery experiments coupled with RNA bisulfite sequencing and proteomics determined the activity of NSUN7 in downstream targets and drug sensitivity. Results: In this study, the initial screening for genetic and epigenetic defects of 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferases in transformed cell lines, identified that the NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 7 (NSUN7) undergoes promoter CpG island hypermethylation-associated with transcriptional silencing in a cancer-specific manner. NSUN7 epigenetic inactivation was common in liver malignant cells and we coupled bisulfite conversion of cellular RNA with next-generation sequencing (bsRNA-seq) to find the RNA targets of this poorly characterized putative RNA methyltransferase. Using knock-out and restoration-of-function models, we observed that the mRNA of the coiled-coil domain containing 9B (CCDC9B) gene required NSUN7-mediated methylation for transcript stability. Most importantly, proteomic analyses determined that CCDC9B loss impaired protein levels of its partner, the MYC-regulator Influenza Virus NS1A Binding Protein (IVNS1ABP), creating sensitivity to bromodomain inhibitors in liver cancer cells exhibiting NSUN7 epigenetic silencing. The DNA methylation-associated loss of NSUN7 was also observed in primary liver tumors where it was associated with poor overall survival. Interestingly, NSUN7 unmethylated status was enriched in the immune active subclass of liver tumors. Conclusion: The 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase NSUN7 undergoes epigenetic inactivation in liver cancer that prevents correct mRNA methylation. Furthermore, NSUN7 DNA methylation-associated silencing is associated with clinical outcome and distinct therapeutic vulnerability

Epigenetic inactivation of the 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase NSUN7 is associated with clinical outcome and therapeutic vulnerability in liver cancer

Abstract Background RNA modifications are important regulators of transcript activity and an increasingly emerging body of data suggests that the epitranscriptome and its associated enzymes are altered in human tumors. Methods Combining data mining and conventional experimental procedures, NSUN7 methylation and expression status was assessed in liver cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Loss-of-function and transfection-mediated recovery experiments coupled with RNA bisulfite sequencing and proteomics determined the activity of NSUN7 in downstream targets and drug sensitivity. Results In this study, the initial screening for genetic and epigenetic defects of 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferases in transformed cell lines, identified that the NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 7 (NSUN7) undergoes promoter CpG island hypermethylation-associated with transcriptional silencing in a cancer-specific manner. NSUN7 epigenetic inactivation was common in liver malignant cells and we coupled bisulfite conversion of cellular RNA with next-generation sequencing (bsRNA-seq) to find the RNA targets of this poorly characterized putative RNA methyltransferase. Using knock-out and restoration-of-function models, we observed that the mRNA of the coiled-coil domain containing 9B (CCDC9B) gene required NSUN7-mediated methylation for transcript stability. Most importantly, proteomic analyses determined that CCDC9B loss impaired protein levels of its partner, the MYC-regulator Influenza Virus NS1A Binding Protein (IVNS1ABP), creating sensitivity to bromodomain inhibitors in liver cancer cells exhibiting NSUN7 epigenetic silencing. The DNA methylation-associated loss of NSUN7 was also observed in primary liver tumors where it was associated with poor overall survival. Interestingly, NSUN7 unmethylated status was enriched in the immune active subclass of liver tumors. Conclusion The 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase NSUN7 undergoes epigenetic inactivation in liver cancer that prevents correct mRNA methylation. Furthermore, NSUN7 DNA methylation-associated silencing is associated with clinical outcome and distinct therapeutic vulnerability

Improved measurement of CPCP violation parameters in Bs0→J/ψK+K−B_s^0\to J/\psi K^+K^- decays in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020)\phi(1020) resonance

The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B_s^0\to J/\psi(\to \mu^+\mu^-) K^+ K^-$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6 {\rm fb}^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B_s^0$ signal decays with an invariant $K^+ K^-$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B_s^0$-$\overline{B}_s^0$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.056^{\:+\:0.0013}_{\:-\:0.0015} \pm 0.0014 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^+K^-$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0_s\to J/\psi(\to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}) K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B^{0}_{s}$ signal decays with an invariant $K^{+}K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = \ -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.0056 ^{+ 0.0013}_{-0.0015} \pm 0.0014$ ps$^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence