THE EXISTENCE OF FIXED POINTS FOR HARDY-ROGERS CONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS WITH RESPECT TO A wtwt-DISTANCE IN bb-METRIC SPACES

The aim of this paper is to prove some existence and uniqueness theorems of the fixed points for Hardy-Rogers type contraction with respect to a $wt$-distance in $b$-metric spaces endowed with a graph. These results prepare a more general statement, since we apply the condition of orbitally $G$-continuity of mappings instead of the condition of continuity, consider $b$-metric spaces endowed with a graph instead general $b$-metric spaces and use of control functions instead of constant numbers

Fixed point results with respect to a wt-distance in partially ordered b-metric spaces and its application to nonlinear fourth-order differential equation

[EN] In this paper we study the existence of the fixed points for Hardy-Rogers type mappings with respect to a wt-distance in partially ordered metric spaces. Our results provide a more general statement, since we replace a w-distance with a wt-distance and ordered metric spaces with ordered b-metric spaces. Some examples are presented to validate our obtained results and an application to nonlinear fourth-order differential equation are given to support the main results.Babaei, R.; Rahimi, H.; Soleimani Rad, G. (2022). Fixed point results with respect to a wt-distance in partially ordered b-metric spaces and its application to nonlinear fourth-order differential equation. Applied General Topology. 23(1):121-133. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2022.1136812113323

Influence of Gum Arabic Enriched with GABA Coating on Oxidative Damage of Walnut Kernels

Jezgra oraha je zbog velikog udjela nezasićenih masnih kiselina i fenolnih spojeva osjetljiva na oksidacijska oštećenja poput užeglosti i posmeđivanja, koja mogu nastati nepažljivim rukovanjem nakon berbe. U ovom je radu ispitan utjecaj omotača od gume arabike obogaćenog γ-aminomaslačnom kiselinom na sprečavanje pojave užeglosti i posmeđivanja jezgri oraha tijekom skladištenja na 20 °C. Rezultati pokazuju da je jezgra oraha u omotaču od 5 %-tne gume arabike obogaćenom s 0,1 mM γ-aminomaslačne kiseline bila manje osjetljiva na oksidacijska oštećenja, što je vidljivo iz manjih vrijednosti peroksidnog broja i akumulacije malondialdehida, te većeg stupnja bjeline. Osim toga, jezgre oraha su zbog smanjene aktivnosti lipoksigenaze i manje akumulacije H2O2 imale veći omjer nezasićenih i zasićenih masnih kiselina. Uz smanjen intenzitet oksidacijskog posmeđivanja, u tretiranim se orasima aktivnost polifenolne oksidaze smanjila, a fenilalanin-amonij-lijaze povećala, što je dovelo do povećanja koncentracije fenolnih spojeva i pojačanog uklanjanja DPPH radikala. Na temelju ovih rezultata može se zaključiti da bi se omotač od 5 % arapske gume obogaćen s 0,1 mM γ-aminomaslačne kiseline mogao komercijalno upotrijebiti za očuvanje hranjive vrijednosti jezgre oraha.Because of the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (UNSFA) and phenolics, walnut kernels are vulnerable to oxidative rancidity and browning due to unfavorable postharvest handling procedures. This study investigates the impact of gum arabic coating enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on oxidative rancidity and browning of kernels during storage at 20 °C. The results showed that the walnut kernels coated with gum arabic (5 %) enriched with GABA (0.1 mM) exhibited lower oxidative rancidity and browning, manifested by lower peroxide value and malondialdehyde accumulation along with higher whiteness index. Moreover, kernels had higher UNSFA/SFA ratio as a response to lower lipoxygenase activity and H2O2 accumulation. The reduced oxidative browning in coated kernels was accompanied with lower polyphenol oxidase and higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity leading to higher accumulation of phenolics and increased DPPH• scavenging capacity. Based on our findings, gum arabic coating (5 %) enriched with GABA (0.1 mM) may have a commercial potential for maintaining nutritional quality of walnut kernels

Some common fixed point results for weakly compatible mappings in cone metric type space

In this paper we consider cone metric type spaces which are introduced as a generalization of symmetric and metric spaces by Khamsi and Hussain in 2010. Then we prove several common fixed point for weakly compatible mappings in cone metric type spaces. All results are proved in the settings of a solid cone, without the assumption of continuity of the mappings

Fixed Point Results under Generalized c-Distance in Cone b-Metric Spaces Over Banach Algebras

In this work, we define the concept of a generalized c-distance in cone b-metric spaces over a Banach algebra and introduce some its properties. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for mappings satisfying weak contractive conditions such as Han–Xu-type contraction and Cho-type contraction with respect to this distance. Our assertions are useful, since we remove the continuity condition of the mapping and the normality condition for the cone. Several examples are given to support the main results.The authors are very grateful to the Basque Government by its support through Grant IT1207-1

Frequency of myasthenic crisis in relation to thymectomy in generalized myasthenia gravis: A 17-year experience

BACKGROUND: Myasthenic crisis is the most serious life-threatening event in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term impact of thymectomy on rate and severity of these attacks in Iranian patients. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records from 272 myasthenic patients diagnosed and treated in our neurology clinic during 1985 to 2002. Fifty-three patients were excluded because of unconfirmed diagnosis, ocular form of MG, contraindication to surgery, concomitant diseases and loss to follow-up. The Osserman classification was used to assess the initial severity of the disease. Frequency and severity of the attacks were compared between two groups with appropriate statistical tests according to the nature of variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of myasthenic crisis in the group of patients without thymoma. RESULTS: 110 patients were in thymectomy group and the other 109 patients were on medical therapy. These two groups had no significant differences with respect to age at onset, gender, Osserman score in baseline and follow up period. 62 patients (28.3% of all 219 patients) had reported 89 attacks of myasthenic crisis. 20 patients of 62 (32%) were in thymectomy group and 42 (68%) were in the other group. There was significant difference between the two groups in number of patients with crisis (P = 0.001; odds ratio = 2.8 with 95% CI of 1.5 to 5.2). In addition, these attacks were more severe in group of non-thymectomized patients as the duration of ICU admission was longer and they needed more ventilatory support during their attacks. Regression model showed thymectomy and lower age at onset as two predictors of decrement in myasthenic crisis rate in non-thymomatous MG patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that frequency and severity of myasthenic attacks as important endpoints in evaluation of MG patients. Thymectomy seems to have a preventive role on rate and severity of these attacks

Tripled fixed point results for T-contractions on abstract metric spaces

In this paper we introduce the notion of T-contraction for tripled xed points in abstract metric spaces and obtain some tripled xed point theorems which extend and generalize well-known comparable results in the literature. To support our results, we present an example and an applications to integral equations.http://www.etamaths.comam201

Evaluation of HBV resistance to tenofovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B using ZNA probe assay in Kerman, southeast of Iran

Objective: To evaluate the mutation rate of polymerase gene and it’s correlation with tenofovir resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: A total of 64 serum samples (36 men and 28 women) were collected from patients with chronic hepatitis B. All of these samples were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level, alanin amino transferase/aspartic amino transferase enzymes and serological markers such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) (Electro-chemiluminescence). Results: In this study, out of those 64 patients, 13 cases had mutations in the polymerase region (A194T). All mutant cases were HBsAg positive and 5 (38.5%) of them were males and 8 (61.5%) were females, while 6 (46.2%) of the mutants were HBeAg positive and 7 (53.8%) were HBeAg negative and most of the mutants have more than 109 HBV DNA level. Statistical analyses on the 64 samples showed that there was no significant relation between age and HBsAg level but there was a significant relationship between HBV DNA load (P = 0.001) and A194T mutation. Conclusions: HBeAg had a correlation with A194T mutation (P = 0.02) and tenofovir resistance was seen in 13 patients. Real-time PCR with zip nucleic acid probes is a rapid method to detect mutations in the polymerase region of HBV with high sensitivity and specifity. This method could be used for mutation detection in nt-194 position of polymerase gene for tenofovir resistance and other mutations in drug resistance researches

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed