Representación energética macroscópica y simulación de una máquina síncrona de imanes permanentes

This article presents a simulation model of the synchronous permanent magnet machine (MSIP) and its speed control system using the Macroscopic Energetic Representation (REM) formalism. This graphic description allows making a control scheme based on the inversion of the machine model. The models are validated by comparison with the results presented in the literature. To show the utility of the model presented, the simulation results of the machine are presented under different operating conditions and control references.Este artículo presenta un modelo de simulación de la máquina síncrona de imanes permanentes (MSIP) y su sistema de control de velocidad utilizando el formalismo de la Representación Energética Macroscópica (REM). Esta descripción gráfica permite realizar un esquema de control basado en la inversión del modelo de la máquina. Los modelos se validan mediante comparación con resultados presentados en la literatura. Para mostrar la utilidad del modelo presentado, se presentan resultados de simulación de la máquina ante diferentes condiciones de operación y referencias de control

Identifying comorbidities and lifestyle factors contributing to the cognitive profile of early Parkinson's disease

Malaltia de Parkinson; Cognició; Estil de vidaEnfermedad de Parkinson; Cognición; Estilo de vidaParkinson Disease; Cognition; Life StyleBackground: Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and estimating their impact on cognitive status may help prevent dementia (PDD) and the design of cognitive trials. Methods: Using a standard approach for the assessment of global cognition in PD and controlling for the effects of age, education and disease duration, we explored the associations between cognitive status, comorbidities, metabolic variables and lifestyle variables in 533 PD participants from the COPPADIS study. Results: Among the overall sample, 21% of participants were classified as PD-MCI (n = 114) and 4% as PDD (n = 26). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was significantly higher in cognitively impaired patients while no between-group differences were found for smoking, alcohol intake or use of supplementary vitamins. Better cognitive scores were significantly associated with regular physical exercise (p < 0.05) and cognitive stimulation (< 0.01). Cognitive performance was negatively associated with interleukin 2 (Il2) (p < 0.05), Il6 (p < 0.05), iron (p < 0.05), and homocysteine (p < 0.005) levels, and positively associated with vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.005). Conclusions: We extend previous findings regarding the positive and negative influence of various comorbidities and lifestyle factors on cognitive status in early PD patients, and reinforce the need to identify and treat potentially modifiable variables with the intention of exploring the possible improvement of the global cognitive status of patients with PD.Fundación Curemos el Parkinson (https:// curem oselp arkin son. org/) covered the expenses derived from hiring a CRO and from carrying out complementary tests

Problemas alimentarios en adolescentes y su relación con la dieta en horario escolar

A study was carried out on the possible relationship between the eating habits of adolescents during school hours and the detection of eating disorders. A total of 4362 students (49.7% girls and 50.3% boys) from 16 secondary schools aged 13 to 17 years participated. Sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI), EAT-40 and BSQ questionnaires, as well as the types of eating and drinking of adolescents before and during the school morning on the day of the assessment were recorded. The results show significant differences between boys and girls in their concern and eating habits. Regarding BMI, 17.8% were underweight, 19.1% overweight and 6.0% obese. A percentage of 9.6% of girls and 1.7% of boys reported eating disorders. Girls always show a greater concern about food and body image, and they are also the ones who eat the least breakfast or lunch during the school day. Worry is correlated with obesity and not so much with underweight (r = .18 in EAT, and r = .30 in BSQ). No significant correlations were found with eating habits, although those who worry more eat less, but have a higher BMI. Overall, 6.3% of the girls and 3.6% of the boys did not eat at all during the entire school day. The importance of dietary habits in relation to the prevention of eating problems at this age group is discussed.Se ha realizado un estudio sobre la posible relación entre los hábitos alimentarios de los adolescentes en el horario escolar y la detección de trastornos alimentarios. Han participado 4362 alumnos/as (49.7% chicas y 50.3% chicos) de 16 colegios de secundaria, de 13 a 17 años. Se han registrado las variables sociodemográficas, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), y los cuestionarios EAT-40 y BSQ, además de los tipos de alimentación y bebida de los adolescentes antes y durante la mañana escolar el día de la evaluación. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas en su preocupación y en sus hábitos alimentarios. Respecto al IMC, un 17.8% tiene peso insuficiente, un 19.1% sobrepeso y un 6.0% obesidad. Un porcentaje del 9.6% en chicas y un 1.7% en chicos presentaría trastornos alimentarios. Las chicas muestran siempre mayor preocupación por la alimentación y por la imagen corporal, y también son las que menos desayunan o comen en la jornada escolar. La preocupación está correlacionada con la obesidad y no tanto con el infrapeso (r = .18 en EAT, y r = .30 en BSQ). No se han encontrado correlaciones significativas con los hábitos alimentarios, aunque quienes más se preocupan beben y comen menos, pero con un IMC superior. Como dato global, un 6.3% de las chicas y un 3.6% de los chicos no toman absolutamente nada durante todo ese horario escolar. Se discute la importancia de los hábitos en la dieta para la prevención de problemas alimentarios en estas edades

CONTROL DE IRRIGACIÓN DE UN PANEL FOTOVOLTAICO ORIENTADO A LA MAXIMIZACIÓN DEL BENEFICIO ENERGÉTICO

Este trabajo busca identificar políticas de control óptimo para maximizar la energía neta generada por un sistema generación compuesto por paneles fotovoltaicos y un sistema de irrigación. Se presenta la formulación del problema de control óptimo y luego se plantea la solución mediante el algoritmo de la programación dinámica. Se muestra la solución para diversos perfiles de irradiancia, velocidad de viento y temperatura ambiente

Detection of eating problems and their relationship with eating habits in adolescents / Detección de problemas alimentarios y su relación con hábitos alimentarios en adolescentes

Se ha realizado un estudio de detección de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes, estudiando su posible relación con los hábitos alimentarios en los colegios.  Han participado 3145 alumnos/as (49.7% chicas y 50.3% chicos) de 16 colegios de secundaria, con edades entre 13 y 17 años (media de 14.4 años). Los datos se recopilaron entre 2013 a 2017. Se han registrado distintas variables sociodemográficas, el IMC y los cuestionarios EAT-40 y BSQ. También se registró el tipo de ingesta en el desayuno y en el recreo de todos los alumnos/as el día de la evaluación. En los resultados aparecen diferencias significativas en el EAT-40 y BSQ, donde siempre hay mayor proporción de chicas que superan el punto de corte. Respecto al IMC, un 17.7% tiene peso insuficiente, un 20.3% con sobrepeso y un 7.0% con obesidad, y también con diferencias entre chicos y chicas, pues estas presentan un IMC mayor. A partir de todos los datos, podría considerarse que hay un porcentaje de 5.6% de participantes con posibles trastornos de conducta alimentaria, en mayor proporción en mujeres (9.6%) que en hombres (1.8%), porcentajes que han ido descendiendo a lo largo de los años. No hay correlación con los hábitos alimentarios, pero hay mayor proporción de chicas que toman menos comidas y bebidas durante el desayuno y el recreo. Un dato alarmante es que un 5.6% de las chicas y un 2.5% de los chicos no desayunan absolutamente nada durante toda la mañana escolar

Sistema de Control de Acceso basado en Hardware y Software Libre para la Detección de potenciales infectados de COVID-19

The pandemic generated by the SARS-COVD-19 virus has affected humanity. Thus, at the global, regional and local levels, different measures have been adopted for its detection, containment and elimination. Consequently, different campaigns, strategies and solutions have been generated, based on different technological developments, ranging from the use of artificial intelligence to electronic components. Likewise, many technological solutions have been based on the early detection of symptoms generated by possible infection by COVID-19; therefore, they have responded by creating tools and platforms that allow users to have real-time information on their body temperature. Therefore, this work presents a full-scale functional prototype, based on free hardware and software platforms, which allows users to know their body temperature in real time, and allowed to determine that, although there are proprietary solutions in the market, it is possible to propose new technologies that with aspects of innovation allow low-income organizations to access low-cost emerging technologies that enhance their processes and services. Second, it was found that one of the most common effects for detecting possible COVID-19 infection is fever.&nbsp;La pandemia generada por el virus SARS-COVD-19 ha afectado a la humanidad. Así, a nivel global, regional, y local, se han adoptado diferentes medidas para su detección, contención, y eliminación. En consecuencia, se han generado diferentes campañas, estrategias y soluciones, basadas en diferentes desarrollos tecnológicos, que van desde el uso de la inteligencia artificial hasta componentes electrónicos. Así mismo, muchas soluciones tecnológicas se han basado en la detección temprana de síntomas generados por posible contagio por COVID-19; por lo tanto, han dado respuestas creando herramientas y plataformas que permitan a los usuarios tener información en tiempo real de su temperatura corporal. Por lo anterior, este trabajo presenta un prototipo funcional a escala real, que basado en plataformas de hardware y software libre permite a los usuarios conocer su temperatura corporal en tiempo real, y permitió determinar que, aunque existan soluciones privativas en el mercado, es posible proponer nuevas tecnologías que con aspectos de innovación permitan a organizaciones de bajos recursos acceder a tecnologías emergentes a bajo costo que potencien sus procesos y servicios. En segundo lugar, se encontró que uno de los efectos más comunes para detectar posibles contagios de COVID-19, es la fiebre.&nbsp

Proposal of a water-quality index for high andean basins: application to the Chumbao river, Andahuaylas, Peru

Thewater fromthe high Andean rivers is peculiar due to its composition and the geomorphology of its sources, and naturally or anthropogenically contamination is not discarded along its course. This water is used for agriculture and human consumption, therefore knowing its quality is important. This research aimed to proposing and formulate a water-quality index for high Andean basins through the Delphimethod, and its application in the Chumbao River located in Andahuaylas-Peru. Forty-three water-quality parameters were evaluated through the Delphi method, and the water-quality index (WQIHA) was formulated with a weighted average of the weights of the selected parameters, it was compared with the WQI Dinius. For this purpose, ten sampling points were considered along the Chumbao River located between 4274 and 2572 m of altitude and theWQIHA was applied. In addition, field and laboratory analyses were carried out in 2018, 2019, and 2021, in dry and rainy seasons. Twenty parameters were grouped in the physicochemical sub-index (SIPC), heavy metals sub-index (SIHM), and organic matter sub-index (SIOM). Each group contributed with weights of 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively, for theWQIHA formulation. The SIPC and SIOM showed that the areas near the head of the basin presented excellent and good quality, while the urbanized areas were qualified as marginal to poor; SIHM reported good quality in all points and seasons. Regarding the WQIHA, the index shows good quality in the zones above 3184 m of altitude, contrasting with poor quality downstream, decreasing notably in both seasons, suggesting continuous degradation of the water body

In vivo cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration and cognition in Parkinson's disease: Imaging results from the COPPADIS study

COPPADIS Study Group.[Introduction] We aimed to assess associations between multimodal neuroimaging measures of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) without dementia.[Methods] The study included a total of 180 non-demented PD patients and 45 healthy controls, who underwent structural MRI acquisitions and standardized neurocognitive assessment through the PD-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) within the multicentric COPPADIS-2015 study. A subset of 73 patients also had Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) acquisitions. Volumetric and microstructural (mean diffusivity, MD) indices of CBF degeneration were automatically extracted using a stereotactic CBF atlas. For comparison, we also assessed multimodal indices of hippocampal degeneration. Associations between imaging measures and cognitive performance were assessed using linear models.[Results] Compared to controls, CBF volume was not significantly reduced in PD patients as a group. However, across PD patients lower CBF volume was significantly associated with lower global cognition (PD-CRStotal: r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and this association remained significant after controlling for several potential confounding variables (p = 0.004). Analysis of individual item scores showed that this association spanned executive and memory domains. No analogue cognition associations were observed for CBF MD. In covariate-controlled models, hippocampal volume was not associated with cognition in PD, but there was a significant association for hippocampal MD (p = 0.02).[Conclusions] Early cognitive deficits in PD without dementia are more closely related to structural MRI measures of CBF degeneration than hippocampal degeneration. In our multicentric imaging acquisitions, DTI-based diffusion measures in the CBF were inferior to standard volumetric assessments for capturing cognition-relevant changes in non-demented PD.This work was supported by the Alzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V. (AFI International Training Grant to MJG), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576, PI20/00613], the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía [PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and the Fundación “Curemos el Parkinson” (https://www.curemoselparkinson.org). MJG is supported by the “Miguel Servet” program [CP19/00031], MALE by the University of Seville [USE-20046-J], JFM by the “Sara Borrell” program [CD13/00229] and VI-PPIT-US from the University of Seville [USE-18817-A], SJ by the “Acción B-Clínicos-Investigadores” program [B-0007-2019], and DMG by the “Río Hortega” program [CM18/00142].Peer reviewe

Clinical and structural brain correlates of hypomimia in early-stage Parkinson's disease

Altres ajuts: acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICBackground and purpose: Reduced facial expression of emotions is a very frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been considered part of the motor features of the disease. However, the neural correlates of hypomimia and the relationship between hypomimia and other non-motor symptoms of PD are poorly understood. Methods: The clinical and structural brain correlates of hypomimia were studied. For this purpose, cross-sectional data from the COPPADIS study database were used. Age, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), severity of apathy and depression and global cognitive status were collected. At the imaging level, analyses based on gray matter volume and cortical thickness were used. Results: After controlling for multiple confounding variables such as age or disease duration, the severity of hypomimia was shown to be indissociable from the UPDRS-III speech and bradykinesia items and was significantly related to the severity of apathy (β = 0.595; p < 0.0001). At the level of neural correlates, hypomimia was related to motor regions brodmann area 8 (BA 8) and to multiple fronto-temporo-parietal regions involved in the decoding, recognition and production of facial expression of emotions. Conclusion: Reduced facial expressivity in PD is related to the severity of symptoms of apathy and is mediated by the dysfunction of brain systems involved in motor control and in the recognition, integration and expression of emotions. Therefore, hypomimia in PD may be conceptualized not exclusively as a motor symptom but as a consequence of a multidimensional deficit leading to a symptom where motor and non-motor aspects converge

Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group

COPPADIS Study Group.[Background and objective] The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD).[Patients and Methods] PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&E-ADLS score less than 80%.[Results] In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 ± 10.19 to 84.26 ± 13.38; p < 0.0001; Cohen’s effect size = −0.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 ± 6.52 to 99.52 ± 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p < 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p < 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2.[Conclusions] In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term.Fundación Curemos el Parkinson (www.curemoselparkinson.org).Peer reviewe