РОССИЙСКИЙ СТРАХОВОЙ РЫНОК И СТРАТЕГИИ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ В СРЕДНЕСРОЧНОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

In this paper problem of insurance market development in Russia is considered. The special attention is paid on strategies of its developing if past and future, also ways of insurance activity optimization are recommended.В статье рассматривается проблемы развития страхового рынка в России. Особое внимание уделяется стратегиям его развития в прошлом и настоящем, даются рекомендации по оптимизации страховой деятельности

230: Heightened risk of coronary atheroma conferred by a decrease in the plasma concentrations of lithocholic acid

ContextThe bile acids receptors Farsenoid X and TGR5 protect against the formation of atheroma in mice, though no evidence have linked coronary atheroma and bile acid in human. Bile acids links these receptors with more or less efficient activation, depending on the species.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that changes in concentrations of circulating bile acid species influence the risk of developing coronary atheromas in humans.MethodsPilot, prospective, observational study conducted between June and September 2010. The serum concentrations of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids were measured in a fasting blood sample. Consecutive hospitalized or ambulatory patients undergoing emergency or elective coronary angiograms were eligible for inclusion. Post-cardiac arrest and non-fasting states, hepatic disease, and treatment with antimicrobials, corticosteroids, statins or fibrates were exclusion criteria. Of 393 screened patients, 44 met the study entry criteria, and were divided between 27 patients with (Group A) and 17 without (Group B) angiographically visible coronary atheromas. The pool of circulating bile acids was analyzed to measure the plasmatic concentrations of 28 different bile acid species. The variables associated with the presence of angiographically visible coronary atheromas were examined by single and multiple variable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe serum lithocholic acid concentration was significantly lower in group A than in group B. By multiple variable analysis, lithocholic acid was the only predictor of coronary atheroma independently of patient gender (odds ratio 2.41 per 0.05 decrease; 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.25, P=0.027ConclusionA low serum concentration of lithocholic acid was an independent predictor of coronary atheroma in human

Dielectric properties of Bi-substituted LDHs synthesized by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods

Magnesium-aluminum-bismuth layered double hydroxides (Mg3Al1-xBix; LDHs) were prepared using both coprecipitation and sol-gel methods. For the preparation of Mg/Al/Bi LDH by the co-precipitation method, the appropriate amounts of dissolved starting materials (Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O, Mg(NO3)2 · 6H2O and Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O) were mixed with a solution of NaHCO3:NaOH. In the sol-gel processing, the precursor Mg-Al-Bi-O gels were synthesized using the same starting materials and ethylene glycol as complexing agent. The mixed-metal oxides obtained by subsequent heating of Mg-Al-Bi-O gels at 650 °C were reconstructed to Mg3Al1-xBix LDHs in water at 80 °C. All the synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dielectric measurements.publishe

Sonication accelerated formation of Mg-Al-phosphate layered double hydroxide via sol-gel prepared mixed metal oxides

Single-phase magnesium-aluminium layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with dihydrogen phosphate was successfully produced by hydration of nanopowder of the respective mixed metal oxide (MMO) obtained using sol-gel based method followed by a two-step anion exchange hydroxide-to-chloride and chloride-to-phosphate. The MMO with the metal cation ratio of Mg/Al = 2:1 was prepared using the aqueous sol-gel method. Processes of the parent Mg2Al-OH LDH formation and the successive anion-exchanges, ОН- → Cl- and Cl- → H2PO4-, were considerably accelerated via the application of high-power (1.5 kW) ultrasound. The crystalline phases formed at all stages of the Mg2Al-H2PO4 LDH production were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the data of chemical analysis and the XRD data, the type of the intercalated phosphate anion was determined and the arrangement of this anion in the interlayer was modelled.publishe

Genetic deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes gut microbiota-mediated metabolic health.

The association between altered gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases is becoming increasingly clear but remains poorly understood1,2. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is an enzyme induced in many types of immune cells, including macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli, and catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is better known for its suppression of effector T cell immunity and its activation of regulatory T cells3,4. However, high indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity predicts worse cardiovascular outcome5-9 and may promote atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation6, suggesting a more complex role in chronic inflammatory settings. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is also increased in obesity10-13, yet its role in metabolic disease is still unexplored. Here, we show that obesity is associated with an increase of intestinal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, which shifts tryptophan metabolism from indole derivative and interleukin-22 production toward kynurenine production. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deletion or inhibition improves insulin sensitivity, preserves the gut mucosal barrier, decreases endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, and regulates lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissues. These beneficial effects are due to rewiring of tryptophan metabolism toward a microbiota-dependent production of interleukin-22 and are abrogated after treatment with a neutralizing anti-interleukin-22 antibody. In summary, we identify an unexpected function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the fine tuning of intestinal tryptophan metabolism with major consequences on microbiota-dependent control of metabolic disease, which suggests indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as a potential therapeutic target

Health and Pleasure in Consumers' Dietary Food Choices: Individual Differences in the Brain's Value System

Taking into account how people value the healthiness and tastiness of food at both the behavioral and brain levels may help to better understand and address overweight and obesity-related issues. Here, we investigate whether brain activity in those areas involved in self-control may increase significantly when individuals with a high body-mass index (BMI) focus their attention on the taste rather than on the health benefits related to healthy food choices. Under such conditions, BMI is positively correlated with both the neural responses to healthy food choices in those brain areas associated with gustation (insula), reward value (orbitofrontal cortex), and self-control (inferior frontal gyrus), and with the percent of healthy food choices. By contrast, when attention is directed towards health benefits, BMI is negatively correlated with neural activity in gustatory and reward-related brain areas (insula, inferior frontal operculum). Taken together, these findings suggest that those individuals with a high BMI do not necessarily have reduced capacities for self-control but that they may be facilitated by external cues that direct their attention toward the tastiness of healthy food. Thus, promoting the taste of healthy food in communication campaigns and/or food packaging may lead to more successful self-control and healthy food behaviors for consumers with a higher BMI, an issue which needs to be further researched

Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data-capable community

It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on >100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 yr are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human–environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community’s use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 yr of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building

Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn’s disease susceptibility

peer reviewe

Katijonų ir anijonų pakaitų įtakos Mg-Al sluoksniuotų dvigubų hidroksidų susidarymui ir savybėms tyrimas

Layered double hydroxides have found various applications in many areas, such as catalysis, drug delivery, adsorption, separation, energy storage, hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and corrosion protection. Majority of the commercially produced LDHs are made by co-precipitation, by hydrothermal synthesis or via the route that combines both these methods. These synthetic techniques make possible a production of well-crystalized product with good reproducibility; however, they are rather time-consuming. Therefore, the development of new synthetic approaches for LDHs is very important and timely task for materials scientists. The results presented in the current PhD thesis show considerable improvement not only in the synthesis procedure of LDHs, but in microstructural and physical properties of synthesized materials as well. Moreover, the search of novel LDHs chemical compositions by substituting magnesium and aluminium by other cations and introducing different anions offers a novelty and originality for the outgoing scientific investigations. Importantly, the obtained new LDHs showed specific properties, thus making its as suitable materials for different application

RUSSIAN INSURANCE MARKET AND ITS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE MEDIUM TERM

In this paper problem of insurance market development in Russia is considered. The special attention is paid on strategies of its developing if past and future, also ways of insurance activity optimization are recommended