Effects of total knee arthroplasty on ankle alignment in patients with varus gonarthrosis : do we sacrifice ankle to the knee?

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most commonly preferred surgical methods in the treatment of patients with varus gonarthrosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radiological changes observed in the ankles after total knee arthroplasty. Between May 2012 and June 2013, 80 knees of 78 patients with varus deformity over 10A degrees underwent total knee arthroplasty. For each patient, full-leg standing radiographs were obtained pre- and post-operatively. Mechanical and anatomical axes (HKA and AA), lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), ankle joint line orientation angle (AJOA), tibial plafond talus angle (PTA) and talar shift were measured for each patient both pre- and post-operatively. Pre-operatively, the mean HKA was 16.6A degrees and the mean AA was 10.41A degrees, both in favour of varus alignment. Post-operatively, the mean HKA decreased to 3.6A degrees and the mean AA to -2.1. The mean LDTA was 87.3A degrees. Before the operation, the mean AJOA was -7.6A degrees, opening to the medial aspect of the ankle, and it was 0.04A degrees after the operation and opening to the lateral aspect (p < 0.05). Our study reveals the changes occurring in the ankle after acute correction of long-standing varus deformity of the knee using total knee arthroplasty. In cases undergoing knee arthroplasty, effect of the acute change in the alignment of the knee on the ankle should be taken into consideration and the amount of correction should be calculated carefully in order not to damage the alignment of the ankle

Hydrodynamic Forces on Inundated Bridge Decks

The hydrodynamic forces experienced by an inundated bridge deck have great importance in the design of bridges. Specifically, the drag force, lift force, and the moment acting on the bridge deck under various levels of inundation and a range of flow conditions influence the design and construction of the bridge. This report explores the forces acting on bridges in two ways. First, through physical experimentation on scaled-down bridge deck models tested in a flume and then with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation models. Three bridge deck prototypes were used for the experimentation: a typical six-girder highway bridge deck, a three-girder deck, and a streamlined deck designed to better withstand the hydraulic forces. The forces (expressed as nondimensional force coefficients) on each of the bridge deck shapes were measured in the laboratory with an ultra-precise force balance under a range of inundation scenarios (including partial inundation) and at four different velocities characterized by Froude numbers in the range of 0.16 to 0.32. CFD modeling was performed using both the Fluent® and STAR-CD® software packages. The CFD models were calibrated to the flow conditions of the six-girder bridge, and these same conditions were used for the other two bridge shapes. A range of model options were tested including two-dimensional versus three-dimensional models, different mesh resolutions, boundary conditions, and turbulence models; their effect on the accuracy of results and processing efficiency were noted. Fitting equations were generated to create an envelope around the experimental data and create design charts for each of the bridge types and force coefficients. Finally, the CFD models, though they can match some of the general behavior of experimental models in terms of the relationship between inundation ratio and force measured at the bridge, do not yet faithfully reproduce the critical values of the hydraulic forces and show very little response to velocity. The CFD simulations seem promising as a method to test bridge designs, but more research is needed before complex designs can be tested wholly in the CFD realm. However, the design charts from the experimental results should be a valuable tool for the bridge designer in a wide range of design applications

Fixed Point Attack in PGV-5 Scheme Using SIMON Algorithm

AbstractBlock cipher-based hash function is a hash function that is constructed by applying a block cipher algorithm on a scheme to form a hash algorithm. So that the strength of the block cipher-based hash function depends on the strength of a block cipher algorithm which is used. In this research, fixed point attack is done to determine the application of SIMON lightweight block cipher scheme PGV-5 hash function in accordance with the characteristics of the fixed point attack. SIMON is a lightweight block cipher algorithm which uses Feistel network as its structure and is recommended as an alternative algorithm beside AES. Fixed-point attack is applied to generate all possible 232 plaintext with some random and extreme IV. The result of this research is plaintext that meets the characteristics of fixed point that does not affect the plaintext hash value because the resulting output is the used IV value itself. Plaintext is used to construct collision. Apparently the result of the application of the PGV-5 scheme is not resistant to collision attack because there is a collision with probability of fixed point 0.00000000093 in the thirty-two IV samples which are used

Analyses of Dynamics in Dairy Products and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Population by Molecular Methods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with different ecological niches are widely seen in fermented meat, vegetables, dairy products and cereals as well as in fermented beverages. Lactic acid bacteria are the most important group of bacteria in dairy industry due to their probiotic characteristics and fermentation agents as starter culture. In the taxonomy of the lactic acid bacteria; by means of rep-PCR, which is the analysis of repetitive sequences that are based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence, it is possible to conduct structural microbial community analyses such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA fragments of different sizes cut with enzymes, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphic DNA amplified randomly at low temperatures and Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphism (AFLP)-PCR of cut genomic DNA. Besides, in the recent years, non-culture-based molecular methods such as Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Thermal Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), and Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization (FISH) have replaced classical methods once used for the identification of LAB. Identification of lactic acid bacteria culture independent regardless of the method will be one of the most important methods used in the future pyrosequencing as a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques. This paper reviews molecular-method based studies conducted on the identification of LAB species in dairy products

TV'de bu hafta

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Ahmet Cevat Paşa-Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçl

Mısırda Türk sanatı

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 30-Melek-Celal Sof

Un motif bouddhique dans l'ornement Turc

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 30-Melek-Celal Sof