Big data in tourism marketing: past research and future opportunities

[EN] Purpose – The purpose of this study was to uncover representative emergent areas and to examine the research area of marketing, tourism and big data (BD) to assess how these thematic areas have developed over a 27-year time period from 1996 to 2022. This study analyzed 1,152 studies to identify the principal thematic areas and emergent topics, principal theories used, predominant forms of analysis and the most productive authors in terms of research. Design/methodology/approach – The articles for this research were all selected from the Web of Science database. A systematic and quantitative literature review was performed. This study used SciMAT software to extract indicators. Specifically, this study analyzed productivity and produced a science map. Findings – The findings suggest that interest in this area has increased gradually. The outputs also reveal the innovative effort of industry in new technologies for developing models for tourism marketing. Ten research areas were identified: “destination marketing,” “mobility patterns,” “co-creation,” “gastronomy,” “sustainability,” “tourist behavior,” “market segmentation,” “artificial neural networks,” “pricing” and “tourist satisfaction.” Originality/value – This work is unique in proposing an agenda for future research into tourism marketing research with new technologies such as BD and artificial intelligence techniques. In addition, the results presented here fill the current gap in the research since while there have been literature reviews covering tourism with BD or marketing, these areas have not been studied as a whole.[ES] El objetivo de esta investigación fue descubrir nichos representativos de áreas emergentes y examinar el área de Marketing, Turismo y Big Data, evaluando cómo han evolucionado estas áreas temáticas durante un período de 27 años desde 1996–2022. Analizamos 1.152 investigaciones para identificar las principales áreas temáticas y temas emergentes, las principales teorías utilizadas, las formas de análisis predominantes y los autores mas productivos en términos de investigación. Metodología – Todos los artículos para esta investigación fueron seleccionados de la base de datos Web of Science. Realizamos una revisión sistemática y cuantitativa de la literatura. Utilizamos el software SciMAT para extraer indicadores. Específicamente, analizamos la productividad y elaboramos un mapeo científico. Hallazgos – Los hallazgos sugieren que el inter es en esta área ha aumentado gradualmente. Los resultados también revelan el esfuerzo innovador de la industria en nuevas tecnologías para desarrollar modelos de marketing turístico. Se identificaron diez áreas de investigación (“marketing de destinos”, “patrones de movilidad”, “cocreación”, “gastronomía”, “sostenibilidad”, “comportamiento turístico”, “segmentación de mercado”, “redes neuronales artificiales”, “precios”, y “satisfacción del turista”). Valor – Este trabajo es único al proponer una agenda para futuras investigaciones en investigación de Marketing Turístico con nuevas tecnologías como Big Data y técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial. Además, los resultados presentados aquí llenan el vacío actual en la investigación ya que si bien se han realizado revisiones de literatura que cubren Turismo con Big Data o Marketing, estas áreas no se han estudiado como un conjunto.SIThis research was funded by Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo (Spain), AEI-010500–2020-253(DTI^A Project: 4.0 technological tools for measurement, evaluation and monitoring of the Friendliness concept linked to the Smart Tourist Destinations

How can destinations get engagement on Instagram? Artificial Intelligence as a tool for photo analysis

[EN] What type of content should be published on Instagram to get more engagement? This article highlights the different characteristics that the images of tourists show on Instagram with the most engagement, that is likes and comments. Understanding the behavior in a destination helps tourism managers in marketing strategies. Based on the stimulus-organism-response model, a content analysis of 49,540 photographs shared by tourists that received 3,734,384 likes and 133,497 comments is carried out. By combining the content analysis with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests, the results show that the different characteristics found in the images imply different amounts between comments and likes, demonstrating that the behavior of users on Instagram is influenced by the different attributes of the images. Specifically, images that feature people get more engagement than destination-focused ones. Additionally, scenes such as gastronomy and nature get less engagement than scenes such as old and new heritage, outdoors, and entertainment. Specifically, photos with people get greater rate of comments than likes, and if the format is selfie, they also get more comments. The implications of this research directly affect destination managers, offering clues about the content generated by tourists that produces the most engagement, thus attracting potential tourists and Instagram users.Blanco-Moreno, S.; González-Fernández, AM.; Muñoz-Gallego, PA. (2023). How can destinations get engagement on Instagram? Artificial Intelligence as a tool for photo analysis. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 123-124. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/20171412312

Finite element error analysis of a viscoelastic Timoshenko beam with thermodiffusion effects

In this paper, a thermomechanical problem involving a viscoelastic Timoshenko beam is analyzed from a numerical point of view. The so-called thermodiffusion effects are also included in the model. The problem is written as a linear system composed of two second-order-in-time partial differential equations for the transverse displacement and the rotational movement, and two first-order-in-time partial differential equations for the temperature and the chemical potential. The corresponding variational formulation leads to a coupled system of first-order linear variational equations written in terms of the transverse velocity, the rotation speed, the temperature and the chemical potential. The existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as the energy decay property, are stated. Then, we focus on the numerical approximation of this weak problem by using the implicit Euler scheme to discretize the time derivatives and the classical finite element method to approximate the spatial variable. A discrete stability property and some a priori error estimates are shown, from which we can conclude the linear convergence of the approximations under suitable additional regularity conditions. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the scheme, the behavior of the discrete energy decay and the dependence of the solution with respect to some parameters

Sensation seeking and psychoactive substance consumption: differences between a consumer and a non-consumer sample

Introducción. En varios países se han realizado numerosos estudios para demostrar la relación entre un alto nivel de búsqueda de sensaciones y el abuso de drogas ilícitas. Sin embargo, pocos estudios en Colombia reproducen dichos resultados. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las diferencias del rasgo de la personalidad conocido como “búsqueda de sensaciones” y sus subescalas relacionadas con el abuso de drogas en dos muestras en Colombia, consumidores y no consumidores, las cuales se medirán por medio de la metodología de escala de búsqueda de sensaciones (forma V). Metodología. La muestra se compone de 341 sujetos adultos, de ambos sexos. La mitad de ellos fueron consumidores de drogas ilícitas y la otra mitad fueron no consumidores; estos grupos se evaluaron por medio de los resultados de la escala de búsqueda de sensaciones (forma V). Resultados. Existe una diferencia significativa entre los consumidores y no consumidores en la escala general del rasgo y en tres subescalas (búsqueda de emociones y aventura, búsqueda de experiencias y desinhibición). Discusión. Las diferencias entre los puntajes de los consumidores y no consumidores con respecto al rasgo general y los subrasgos demuestran la importancia de los factores de personalidad en el abuso de sustancias, pese a que los factores sociales y de aprendizaje también influyen en esto. Conclusiones. Existe una relación entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el abuso de sustancias, lo que demuestra la importancia del nivel del rasgo en el fenómeno multivariante de la dependencia de sustancias.Introduction. Internationally, there have been several studies carried out in order to demonstrate the relationship between a high level of Sensation Seeking and illegal drug abuse. However, few studies in Colombia replicate those results. The objective is to examine the difference of Sensation Seeking personality trait and its subscales in the behaviour of drug abuse on two Colombian samples, consumers and non-consumers, measured through the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (Zuckerman & Kulhman, 1980). Methodology. 341 adult subjects, from both genders, composed the sample, half of them were consumers of illegal drugs and half of them non-consumers, assessed through Sensation Seeking Scale Version V. Results. There is a significant difference between consumers and non-consumers within the general scale and three subscales of the trait (Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Experience Seeking and Disinhibition). Discussion. Differences between the scores of consumers and non-consumers sample regarding the general trait and subtraits show the relevance of personality factors regarding substance abuse, independently than social and learning factors are influential as well. Conclusions. There is a link between Sensation Seeking and substance abuse showing the importance of the level of the trait in the multivariate phenomenon of substance dependence

CMMSE: numerical analysis of a chemical targeting model

Treating specific tissues without affecting other regions is a difficult task. It is desirable to target the particular tissue where the chemical has its biological effect. To study this phenomenon computationally, in this work we numerically study a mathematical model which is written as a nonlinear system composed by three parabolic partial differential equations. The variables involved in the model are the concentration of the chemical, the concentration of the binding protein and the concentration of the chemical bound to the protein. Our aim is to propose a fully discrete approximation of this problem, using the Finite Element Method and a semi-implicit Euler scheme, in order to solve it numerically. This discrete problem is analysed, obtaining a discrete stability property and some a priori error estimates that show the algorithm converges linearly if the continuous solution is regular enough. Also, some representative examples are shown, as well as the numerical verification of the convergence.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PGC2018-096696-B-I00Universidade de Vigo/CISU

What do you do or with whom? Understanding happiness with the tourism experience: an AI approach applied to Instagram

[EN] More and more tourists are sharing their experiences on their social media through a combination of photos, texts, and hashtags. But there is a scarcity of studies in literature on analyzing tourists’ visual content in relation to tourism destinations. To address this gap in literature, this study explores how and with whom users express the greatest happiness in holiday destinations, and how they share it with their community, through a mixed methods approach composed of analysis of images, text, and metadata. This approach allows us to address the objective of this research, which is the prediction of the happiness felt by tourists during their experience, using innovative techniques that allow the independent variables to be obtained. To predict tourist satisfaction, two sources of data, photos and texts, are analyzed: a novel approach and little explored in the literature, but necessary due to the interaction of both variables. This study applies various artificial intelligence analyses on visual content (deep learning), and textual and metadata content (machine learning) to 39,235 Instagram posts shared by tourists since the emergence of Instagram thirteen years ago, at a cultural and gastronomic tourist destination. The findings of the visual content analysis showed that socialization and company, that is, traveling and interacting with people, was a key aspect of a positive tourism experience. In addition, the gender of the people with whom they traveled, and the tourist’s narcissism were also key aspects in the generation and expression of positive emotions. Regarding the analysis of the textual content, the results showed that when tourists enjoyed a positive experience, they became more involved in the generation of content, that is, they showed their happiness through positive words.S

La aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial: el rol de los factores de personalidad en menores con medidas de internamiento judicial

En la presente investigación se analiza la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y las distintas dimensiones de la conducta prosocial en menores infractores en régimen de internamiento. El interés está también en determinar el rol mediador y moderador que tienen los factores de personalidad (modelo de los “cinco grandes”) en la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial. La muestra está formada por 162 menores infractores con edades entre los 14 y los 22 años (M = 17.10, DT = 1.41), con medida judicial de internamiento en centros de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España). Los resultados obtenidos indican que no hay una relación directa entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y las distintas dimensiones de la conducta prosocial, pero sí efectos indirectos a través de los factores de personalidad de estabilidad emocional y responsabilidad (conciencia). Así, los datos sugieren que la estabilidad emocional tiene un rol mediador en la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial en sus dimensiones de altruismo y conducta anónima y la responsabilidad (conciencia) un rol moderador. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto la importancia de la familia en el desarrollo positivo de los rasgos de responsabilidad y estabilidad emocional de los hijos, siendo estos rasgos de personalidad las variables con efecto directo en las conductas de prosocialidad en menores con medidas judiciales de internamiento.This research analyses the existing relationship between feeling of familiar acceptance and dimensions of prosocial behaviour in underaged offenders under a detention regime. Attention must be also paid to determining the mediator and moderator role played by personality factors (Big Five model) in the relationship between family acceptance and prosocial behaviour. The sample consisted of 162 underaged offenders aged between 14 and 22 (M = 17.10, SD = 1.41), who are serving a judicial measure of detention in centres located in Madrid Region, Spain. The results show that although there is no direct relation between feeling of family acceptance and different dimensions of prosocial behaviour, indirect effects showed through personality factors of emotional stability and responsibility (conscience) can be found. This suggests that emotional stability plays a mediator role within the existing linkage between feeling of family acceptance and prosocial behaviour in its altruism and anonymous conduct dimensions; responsibility (conscience) also plays a moderator role. To sum up, this research reflects family significance in the positive development of responsibility and emotional stability characteristics in children, these personality attributes being the variables with direct effect on prosocial behaviour of underaged offenders sentenced to a judicial measure of detention

Descripción del transporte y conservación de las vacunas de adquisición particular

Objetivo: Describir el transporte y conservación de las vacunas adquiridas de manera particular. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal. Se estudiaron todas las dosis de vacunas antineumocócica conjugada, antirrotavirus y antivaricelosa adquiridas particularmente y administradas entre enero y septiembre de 2009 en un Centro de Atención Primaria de Salud (CAP) de ámbito urbano. Variables estudiadas: tipo de vacuna, circuito utilizado (circuito A: farmacia-CAP; circuito B: farmacia-casa-CAP), tiempo entre adquisición y administración, recepción de información, medio de transporte y conservación en domicilio. Recogida de datos por cuestionario. Estrategia estadística: frecuencias absolutas y relativas, X2 de Pearson y estadístico exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Muestra total de 148 dosis: 115 (77,7%) antineumocócica, 28 (18,9%) antirrotavirus y 5 (3,4%) antivaricelosa. El 45,5% (67) de las dosis administradas han seguido el circuito A y el 54,7% (81), el B. El 89,6% (60) de las vacunas del circuito A tardaron menos de 1 h entre la compra y la administración, y el 14,8% (12) del B tardaron más de 7 días. El 85,1% (111) de los padres recibieron información sobre transporte y conservación de la vacuna. El 85,1% (57) de las vacunas del circuito A y el 93,8% (76) del B no utilizaron frío en el medio de transporte. El 59,3% (48) de las vacunas se conservaron en la puerta de la nevera. Conclusiones: La vacuna antineumocócica es la más administrada. El circuito más utilizado es el B. La mayoría de los padres recibieron información sobre el transporte y la conservación de las vacunas, aunque transportaron más de la mitad en medio no frío y las conservaron en la puerta de la nevera

Does Seipin Play a Role in Oxidative Stress Protection and Peroxisome Biogenesis? New Insights from Human Brain Autopsies

Seipin is a widely expressed protein but with highest levels found in the brain and testes. Seipin function is not yet completely understood, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BSCL2 transcripts in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans and investigate the effect of their overexpression on a neuron model and their relationship with oxidative stress protection, as well as shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of Celia’s Encephalopathy. We analyzed the expression of BSCL2 transcripts using real-time RT– PCR in samples across the brain regions of subjects who underwent necropsy and from a case with Celia’s Encephalopathy. The transcript encoding the long seipin isoform (BSCL2-203, 462 aa) is expressed primarily in the brain and its expression is inversely correlated with age in the temporal lobe, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Strong positive correlations were found between BSCL2 expression and some genes encoding protective enzymes against oxidative stress including SOD1 and SOD2, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) in the amygdala. These results were experimentally corroborated by overexpressing BSCL2 transcripts in SH-SY5Y cells with lentiviral transduction and assessing their effects on neuron differentiated cells. Confocal microscopy studies showed that both seipin and PEX16 are closely expressed in the hypothalami of healthy human brains, and PEX16 was absent in the same region of the PELD case. We hypothesize that seipin has specific CNS functions and may play a role in peroxisome biogenesis.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER (grants number PI10/02873 and PI13/00314), by the Consellería de Industria, Xunta de Galicia (grants number 10PXIB208013PR and ED341b2017/19), and by Fundación Mutua Madrileña (Call 2015)S