An approach to the spatial distribution of fishing effort in the Gulf of Cadiz.

The spatial distribution of the fishing effort exerted by the trawl fleet of Isla Cristina port (Huelva, Spain) is simulated by means of an application (FAST) for Geographic Information Systems (ArcView), which can offer results just with limited input data. The simulation were carried out with three input variables: depth, distance from fishing grounds to port and the fishing laws in force in the area. The results obtained from two simulations tested match up the effort distribution detected in the area for both the fleet as a whole and a given segment of the same.Postprin

Identification of putative second genetic hits in schizophrenia carriers of high-risk copy number variants and resequencing in additional samples

Copy number variants (CNVs) conferring risk of schizophrenia present incomplete penetrance, suggesting the existence of second genetic hits. Identification of second hits may help to find genes with rare variants of susceptibility to schizophrenia. The aim of this work was to search for second hits of moderate/high risk in schizophrenia carriers of risk CNVs and resequencing of the relevant genes in additional samples. To this end, ten patients with risk CNVs at cytobands 15q11.2, 15q11.2-13.1, 16p11.2, or 16p13.11, were subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Rare single nucleotide variants, defined as those absent from main public databases, were classified according to bioinformatic prediction of pathogenicity by CADD scores. The average number of rare predicted pathogenic variants per sample was 13.6 (SD 2.01). Two genes, BFAR and SYNJ1, presented rare predicted pathogenic variants in more than one sample. Follow-up resequencing of these genes in 432 additional cases and 432 controls identified a significant excess of rare predicted pathogenic variants in case samples at SYNJ1. Taking into account its function in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis at presynaptic terminals, our results suggest an impairment of this process in schizophrenia

Imputation of the Date of HIV Seroconversion in a Cohort of Seroprevalent Subjects: Implications for Analysis of Late HIV Diagnosis

Objectives. Since subjects may have been diagnosed before cohort entry, analysis of late HIV diagnosis (LD) is usually restricted to the newly diagnosed. We estimate the magnitude and risk factors of LD in a cohort of seroprevalent individuals by imputing seroconversion dates. Methods. Multicenter cohort of HIV-positive subjects who were treatment naive at entry, in Spain, 2004–2008. Multiple-imputation techniques were used. Subjects with times to HIV diagnosis longer than 4.19 years were considered LD. Results. Median time to HIV diagnosis was 2.8 years in the whole cohort of 3,667 subjects. Factors significantly associated with LD were: male sex; Sub-Saharan African, Latin-American origin compared to Spaniards; and older age. In 2,928 newly diagnosed subjects, median time to diagnosis was 3.3 years, and LD was more common in injecting drug users. Conclusions. Estimates of the magnitude and risk factors of LD for the whole cohort differ from those obtained for new HIV diagnoses

Ceramide Metabolism and Parkinson’s Disease—Therapeutic Targets

Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in numerous cellular processes. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides can act as second messengers, especially when they are generated at the plasma membrane of cells. Its metabolic dysfunction may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease. Recent reports on transcriptomics and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis have demonstrated the variation of specific levels of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in their metabolism in different neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we highlight the most relevant discoveries related to ceramide and neurodegeneration, with a special focus on Parkinson’s disease.This study was partially supported by grants from the Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Economía e Industria: IN607A2018/3 & IN607D 2020/09), and Science Ministry of Spain (RTI2018-102165-B-I00 & RTC2019-007373-1). Furthermore, this study was also supported by grants from the INTERREG Atlantic Area (EAPA_791/2018_ NEUROATLANTIC project), INTERREG V A España Portugal (POCTEP) (0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Work in AGM lab is supported by grant IT-1106-16 from “Departamento de Educación, Universidades e Investigación” (Gobierno Vasco, Gasteiz-Virtoria, Spain). Moreover, M. Aramburu-Núñez (IFI18/00008) is recipient of iPFIS contract, and Sobrino (CPII17/00027) is recipient of a research contract from the Miguel Servet Program from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Andalucía transversal: sistema de información activa del espacio público en Andalucía

Andalucía Transversal [2] es un laboratorio de investigación activa sobre Espacio Público, apoyado en las infraestructuras de datos existentes, donde se pretende articular la información espacial para dar soporte a la formulación, implementación y evaluación de políticas públicas a diferentes niveles en el Paisaje Urbano de Andalucía. La presente actividad investigadora se enmarca en la segunda convocatoria de ayudas de I+D+i (G-GI3001/IDIU) de la Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía, cofinanciadas con fondos europeos. Andalucía Transversal rescata una serie de iniciativas y documentos de investigación activa sobre territorio, paisaje, patrimonio y espacio público, en los que un grupo de profesionales de diferentes disciplinas y entornos, pertenecientes a la universidad, a la administración pública y a la empresa privada, lleva trabajando los últimos diez años. La metodología utilizada es en código abierto, transdisciplinar, más global que puramente urbanística o arquitectónica. El modelo empleado es experimental, integrador, centrado en el usuario y de carácter transversal. Redescubrir el Espacio Público en Andalucía supone intervenir en la re-activación de la ciudad histórica y de la ciudad en tránsito. Las preguntas centrales a las que se han de responder son: ¿Cómo son los nuevos lugares de lo público en Andalucía? ¿Cómo se puede ayudar a resolver los conflictos planteados en los nuevos espacios públicos? ¿Cómo se pueden orientar las políticas institucionales sobre espacios públicos? ¿Cómo se puede facilitar la colaboración entre los técnicos, los políticos y los ciudadanos en los proyectos de intervención sobre los espacios públicos? ¿Cómo se puede favorecer la apropiación de los ciudadanos de los espacios públicos? ¿Cómo se puede incrementar y mejorar la participación de los ciudadanos en la decisión sobre los espacios públicos? ¿Cuáles son sus conexiones y sus pautas evolutivas? ¿Es posible definirlas desde nuestras disciplinas y cómo? O bien, ¿Estamos ante un proceso de cambio y transformación que demanda nuevas metodologías y herramientas de acción?Tópico 1: Aspectos teóricos, históricos, legales, económicos y tecnológicos de la protección, conservación y valoración de los bienes del patrimonio cultural tangible. Planificación y gestión sostenible de los bienes del patrimonio cultural (arquitectónico, ingenieril, arqueológico) y paisajístico. Circuitos turísticos culturale

Antihyperthermic treatment decreases perihematomal hypodensity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on perihematomal hypodensity and outcome of a decrease in body temperature in the first 24 hours in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: In this retrospective study on a prospectively registered database, among the 1,100 patients, 795 met all the inclusion criteria. Temperature variations in the first 24 hours and perihematomal hypodensity (PHHD) were recorded. Patients >/=37.5 degrees C were treated with antihyperthermic drugs for at least 48 hours. The main objective was to determine the association among temperature variation, PHHD, and outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The decrease in temperature in the first 24 hours increased the possibility of good outcome 11-fold. Temperature decrease, lower PHHD volume, and a good outcome were observed in 31.8% of the patients who received antihyperthermic treatment. CONCLUSION: The administration of early antihyperthermic treatment in patients with spontaneous ICH with a basal axillary temperature >/=37.5 degrees C resulted in good outcome in a third of the treated patients

Mortality According to CD4 Count at Start of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Patients Followed for up to 15 Years After Start of Treatment: Collaborative Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: CD4 count at start of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is strongly associated with short-term survival, but its association with longer-term survival is less well characterized. METHODS: We estimated mortality rates (MRs) by time since start of ART (<0.5, 0.5-0.9, 1-2.9, 3-4.9, 5-9.9, and ≥10 years) among patients from 18 European and North American cohorts who started ART during 1996-2001. Piecewise exponential models stratified by cohort were used to estimate crude and adjusted (for sex, age, transmission risk, period of starting ART [1996-1997, 1998-1999, 2000-2001], and AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA at baseline) mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by CD4 count at start of ART (0-49, 50-99, 100-199, 200-349, 350-499, ≥500 cells/µL) overall and separately according to time since start of ART. RESULTS: A total of 6344 of 37 496 patients died during 359 219 years of follow-up. The MR per 1000 person-years was 32.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.2-35.5) during the first 6 months, declining to 16.0 (95% CI, 15.4-16.8) during 5-9.9 years and 14.2 (95% CI, 13.3-15.1) after 10 years' duration of ART. During the first year of ART, there was a strong inverse association of CD4 count at start of ART with mortality. This diminished over the next 4 years. The adjusted MRR per CD4 group was 0.97 (95% CI, .94-1.00; P = .054) and 1.02 (95% CI, .98-1.07; P = .32) among patients followed for 5-9.9 and ≥10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: After surviving 5 years of ART, the mortality of patients who started ART with low baseline CD4 count converged with mortality of patients with intermediate and high baseline CD4 counts

All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 ≥500/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration

Background Using data from a large European collaborative study, we aimed to identify the circumstances in which treated HIV-infected individuals will experience similar mortality rates to those of the general population. Methods Adults were eligible if they initiated combination anti-retroviral treatment (cART) between 1998 and 2008 and had one prior CD4 measurement within 6 months. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and excess mortality rates compared with the general population were estimated using Poisson regression. Periods of follow-up were classified according to the current CD4 count. Results Of the 80 642 individuals, 70% were men, 16% were injecting drug users (IDUs), the median age was 37 years, median CD4 count 225/mm3 at cART initiation and median follow-up was 3.5 years. The overall mortality rate was 1.2/100 person-years (PY) (men: 1.3, women: 0.9), 4.2 times as high as that in the general population (SMR for men: 3.8, for women: 7.4). Among 35 316 individuals with a CD4 count ≥500/mm3, the mortality rate was 0.37/100 PY (SMR 1.5); mortality rates were similar to those of the general population in non-IDU men [SMR 0.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.7-1.3] and, after 3 years, in women (SMR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.7). Mortality rates in IDUs remained elevated, though a trend to decrease with longer durations with high CD4 count was seen. A prior AIDS diagnosis was associated with higher mortality. Conclusions Mortality patterns in most non-IDU HIV-infected individuals with high CD4 counts on cART are similar to those in the general population. The persistent role of a prior AIDS diagnosis underlines the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infectio