Large amplitude oscillations in a trapped dissipative electron gas

A collisional trapped non-neutral plasma is described by a hydrodynamical model in onedimensional geometry. For suitable initial conditions and velocity fields, the Lagrangian variables method reduces the pressure dominated problem to a damped autonomous Pinney equation, representing a dissipative nonlinear oscillator with an inverse cubic force. An accurate approximate analytic solution derived from Kuzmak-Luke perturbation theory is applied, allowing the assessment of the fully nonlinear dynamics. On the other hand, in the cold plasma case, the Lagrangian variables approach allows the derivation of exact damped nonlinear oscillations. The conditions for the applicability of the hot, pressure dominated or cold gas assumptions are derived. Published by AIP Publishing

Nonlinear dynamics in isotropic and anisotropic nagneto-optical traps

We briefly review some recent advances in the field of nonlinear dynamics of atomic clouds in magneto-optical traps. A hydrodynamical model in a three-dimensional geometry is applied and analyzed using a variational approach. A Lagrangian density is proposed in the case where thermal and multiple scattering effects are both relevant, where the confinement damping and harmonic potential are both included. For generality, a general polytropic equation of state is assumed. After adopting a Gaussian profile for the fluid density and appropriate spatial dependencies of the scalar potential and potential fluid velocity field, a set of ordinary differential equations is derived. These equations are applied to compare cylindrical and spherical geometry approximations. The results are restricted to potential flows

Dynamics of antiproton plasma in a timedependent harmonic trap

An antiproton plasma confined in a quasi-1D device is described in terms of a self-consistent fluid formulation using a variational approach. Unlike previous treatments, the use of the time-dependent variational method allows to retain the thermal and Coulomb effects. A certain Ansatz is proposed for the number density and fluid velocity fields, which reduces the problem essentially to ordinary nonlinear differential equations. In adiabatic cooling, the frequency of the trap potential is slowly decreased. An adiabatic equation of state is assumed for closure. The numerical simulation of the nonlinear dynamics is performed for realistic parameters

Nonlinear dynamics in magneto-optical traps and in single-component plasmas

Uma nuvem de átomos confinados em uma armadilha magneto-óptica pode ser formalmente interpretada como um plasma colisional de uma componente confinado harmonicamente. Um modelo hidrodinâmico é aplicado para ambos os sistemas e, também, para um plasma de antiprótons não-colisional sujeito a um aprisionamento dependente do tempo. Uma equação geral de estado politrópica é assumida para os átomos confinados, enquanto que, para os plasmas, é assumida uma equação de estado adiabática. Para determinadas condições iniciais e campos de velocidade, o método de variáveis Lagrangianas reduz o problema a equações diferenciais ordinárias em casos limite. Estes limites são definidos de acordo com a prevalência das interações térmicas ou autoconsistentes. O caso térmico, dominado pelo gradiente de pressão, para uma equação de estado adiabática, leva a um oscilador não-linear dissipativo com uma força cúbica inversa, na forma de uma equação de Pinney amortecida. Uma solução analítica aproximada, derivada da teoria de perturbação de Kuzmak-Luke, permite a avaliação da dinâmica completamente não-linear. Para o caso não dissipativo, o caso térmico leva a uma equação de Pinney para uma armadilha dependente do tempo que admite soluções WKB e pode ser mapeada para uma equação de Bessel. Por outro lado, no caso do plasma frio, a abordagem das variáveis Lagrangianas permite a derivação de oscilações não-lineares amortecidas exatas. As condições de aplicabilidade dos dois regimes são discutidas. Além disso, o método variacional dependente do tempo para um Ansatz Gaussiano permite estudar o caso em que ambos efeitos são relevantes.Confined atomic clouds in a magneto-optical trap can be formally interpreted as a collisional harmonic trapped single-component plasma. A hydrodynamical model is applied for both systems and also for a non-collisional antiproton plasma subject to a time-dependent confinement. A general polytropic equation of state is assumed, while for the plasmas is assumed an adiabatic equation of state. For suitable initial conditions and velocity fields, the Lagrangian variables method reduces the problem to ordinary differential equations in the limiting cases. These cases are defined according to the prevalence of thermal or self-consistent interaction effects. The thermal case, dominated by gradient pressure, with an adiabatic equation of state leads to a dissipative nonlinear oscillator with an inverse cubic force, in the form of a damped Pinney equation. An accurate approximate analytic solution, derived from Kuzmak-Luke perturbation theory, allows the assessment of the fully nonlinear dynamics. For the non-dissipative case, the thermal regime leads to a Pinney equation with a time-dependent trap that admits WKB solutions and can be mapped into the Bessel equation. On the other hand, in the cold plasma case, the Lagrangian variables approach allows the derivation of exact damped nonlinear oscillations. The applicability conditions of the two regimes are discussed. Moreover, the time-dependent variational method for a Gaussian Ansatz allows to study the case where both effects are relevant

ANALYSIS OF VANILLIN BY TLC AND HPLC-PDA IN HERBAL MATERIAL AND TINCTURE FROM Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex. Andrews

Vanilla planifolia (Orchidiaceae) is a species that is renowned globally and represents the largest source of vanillin flavoring used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This study was carried out to analyze by TLC and HPLC-PDA vanillin in herbal drug and tincture from V. planifolia. The herbal drug was obtained with hydroalcoholic solution under reflux; and a kinetic reaction was performed by TLC. The influences of solvent and herbal drug concentration were studied through an experimental design. The solutions (herbal drug, tincture and standard – vanillin) were prepared and analyzed in HPLC coupled with DAD detector, using wavelength of 280 nm. The total extraction of vanillin was achieved after three extraction cycles, using 1.0 g of herbal material and Ethanol 50% (v/v) as solvent. The method was linear (R2> 0.99) and demonstrated repeatability (RSD < 0.90), intermediate precision (RSD < 1.09), recovery (93.12-113.74%), as well as robustness (RSD < 4.33). The total content of vanillin found was 1.82 g% and 0.21 g% for herbal drug and tincture, respectively. A simple and optimized method for sample preparation by reflux was able to provide the exhaustive extraction of vanillin and does not compromise the reliability of the HPLC-PDA method. The chromatographic procedure was validated to separate and quantify vanillin in herbal material and tincture from pods of V. planifolia

Spatial and temporal variability of soil CO2 flux in sugarcane green harvest systems

The sugarcane green harvest system, characterized by mechanized harvesting and the absence of crop burning, affects soil quality by increasing crop residue on the soil surface after harvest; thus, it contributes to improving the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and influences the soil carbon content and CO2 flux (FCO2). This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of soil FCO2 in sugarcane green harvest systems. The experiment was conducted in two areas of sugarcane in São Paulo, Brazil: the first had a 5-year history of sugarcane green harvest (SG-5) and the second had a longer history of 10 years (SG-10). The temporal FCO2 were evaluated in the dry and rainy periods, and spatial variability in the dry period, and related to soil chemical and physical properties, including organic C porosity, bulk density, soil penetration resistance, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, clay, P, S, Ca, Mg and Fe. The temporal variability indicated no differences between the dry and rainy periods in SG-10, while in SG-5 soil moisture was increased by 33 % in the rainy period. The spatial variability indicated a different pattern from the temporal one, where FCO2 in SG-10 was correlated with soil temperature, air-filled pore space, total porosity, soil moisture, and the Ca and Mg contents; in the SG-5 area, FCO2 was correlated with soil mean weight diameter of soil aggregates and the sulfur content.4

USO RACIONAL DA ÁGUA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DO RECIFE-PE: PERPECÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS

Diversos autores relatam que o uso inconsciente da água e as perdas causadas através de vazamentos são de grande relevância no consumo de água em escolas. A identificação dos setores escolares mais desperdiçadores é de total importância para subsidiar ações para conservação de água. Assim, a proposta do trabalho é avaliar a percepção dos usuários quanto ao uso racional da água de uma escola-piloto localizada no município de Recife (Pernambuco). Assim, a pesquisa ocorreu através de questionários e formulários de observação. Os dados obtidos caracterizaram o consumo de água da escola, apontando os setores com maiores desperdícios e uso inadequado da água, e que devem obter maior atenção para otimizar o consumo de água. Os resultados foram comparados com outros estudos realizados em outras regiões do país, e concluiu-se que a escola não apresenta uma realidade muito diferente de escolas de outras regiões brasileiras

Overview of Chagas disease surveillance in an endemic region in Southeastern Brazil

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It has high morbidity and mortality rates and mainly affects socially vulnerable populations. This is a cross-sectional study, with retrospective and prospective data collection. Using questionnaires applied to environmental surveillance coordinators, we characterized the status of CD surveillance activities in municipalities endemic for the disease in Northern Minas Gerais State (MG) and Jequitinhonha Valley (Vale do Jequitinhonha). Moreover, we spatialized the vulnerability index for chronic CD in the study area. The population consisted of 22 environmental surveillance coordinators, active in 2020, from Northern MG and Jequitinhonha Valley, 21 municipalities included in the SaMi-Trop research project, and Montes Claros municipality. After applying the questionnaires to the coordinators, a descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. To characterize the active municipalities, the explanatory variables collected in the questionnaire were compared with the dichotomous variable. Bivariate descriptive analysis was performed. Finally, geoprocessing techniques were used to spatialize the data and prepare maps. Regarding the team of endemic combat agents (ECA), 90.9% reported the lack of a specific team for CD vector control actions. Of the 22 municipalities participating in this study, nine were active (41.1%). Only 25% (n=2) of active municipalities (9% of the municipalities studied) met the target of visiting 50% of households per year. Finally, 81.1% of the coordinators stated that in their municipality, they developed actions linked to primary health care (PHC). The implementation of CD surveillance activities weakened in the endemic region. Few municipalities have a surveillance team, with low regularity of active surveillance and noncompliance with the program’s goal. The results suggest insufficient recording of activities in the information system, considering that there are municipalities that report performing the activities, but no production record was observed in the system

FISIOLOGIA DA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DA Annona squamosa L., FRUTA-DO-CONDE

A germinação das sementes é um processo que envolve a expressão coordenada de vários genes que irão suportar a retomada do crescimento do embrião, até então num estado latente. Procurando investigar o programa metabólico durante a germinação de sementes, foi realizado o presente trabalho utilizando como modelo biológico sementes de fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa), por apresentar conteúdos significativos de amido e lipídios, as principais substâncias de reserva da maioria das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de laboratório, com as sementes colocadas para germinar em caixa de areia, tendo sido retiradas amostras aos 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias de germinação. Nessas sementes foram analisados os conteúdos de amido, lipídios e proteínas, as atividades das isoformas invertásicas, da sintase da sacarose (SUSY), da a-amilase e da isocitrato liase. Os resultados obtidos suportam a hipótese do programa metabólico durante a germinação, com variações nas atividades das enzimas avaliadas acopladas à retomada do desenvolvimento do embrião

EDUCAÇÃO PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM PERNAMBUCO

Neste texto, relatamos uma experiência do grupo de extensão e pesquisa em recursos hídricos da Universidade de Pernambuco – AquaPOLI, no Projeto de Educação para Conservação de Águas em escolas públicas, desenvolvido na cidade do Recife, de agosto/2013 a dezembro/2015. O principal foco do projeto foi a disseminação do conhecimento científico e tecnológico dos recursos hídricos, através de atividades que permitiram a difusão de informações básicas e a conscientização da importância de ações de cada cidadão. Cerca de 1700 alunos foram contemplados pelo projeto