POBREZA E CONDIÇÕES SOCIOECONÔMICAS DOS CATADORES DE CARANGUEJO DO POVOADO CARNAUBEIRAS, ARAIOSES-MA

Na região do Baixo Parnaíba maranhense, no município de Araioses, encontra-se uma das maiores comunidades de catadores de caranguejo-uçá do Brasil: Carnaubeiras. O povoado deve sua importância ao grande comércio de exportação de crustáceo para os estados vizinhos do Piauí e Ceará, assim como ao fato de estar situado entre as mais importantes rotas turísticas do país. Este trabalho busca conhecer as condições socioeconômicas dos catadores de caranguejo através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, procurando entender suas condições de pobreza. Os resultados mostram que: primeiro, os catadores de caranguejo têm baixa escolaridade; segundo, seus rendimentos não chegam a um salário mínimo; terceiro, e em consequência, o baixo salário é fruto da espoliação por parte de empresários da gastronomia turística de estados vizinhos; quarto, falta organização coletiva na categoria para enfrentar sua exploração. Conclui que os resultados, portanto, denotam o quadro de miséria do catador de caranguejo na comunidade Carnaubeiras.Palavras-chave: Catador de caranguejo, Araioses, Carnaubeiras, Exploração, Pobreza.POVERTY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE TOWN CRAB PICKERS OF CARNAUBEIRAS, ARAIOSESMA Abstract: In the Lower Maranhão region Parnaíba, in the municipality of Araioses, is one of the largest communities in mangrove crab pickers of Brazil: Carnaubeiras. The town owes its importance to the large export trade crustacean to neighboring states of Piauí and Ceará as well as being situated between the major tourist routes in the country. This paper sought to understand the socioeconomic conditions of crab collectors through semi-structured interviews to understand its poverty. The results show that first, the crab collectors have low education; Second, the income of these workers do not reach the minimum wage; Third and consequently, low pay is the result of plunder by the entrepreneurs of the tourism cuisine of neighboring states; Fourth ,lack of collective organization category in coping against their exploitation; Concludes that the results obtained in this study denote the frame of poverty in the current situation of the crab hunter Carnaubeiras community. Key words: Crab catcher, Araioses, Carnaubeiras, Exploitation, Povert

Whole-body ARHGAP21-deficiency improves energetic homeostasis in lean and obese mice

Inhibition of Rab-GAP TBC1 domain family member 1 (TBC1D1) reduces body weight and increases energy expenditure in mice. Here, we assessed the possible involvement of GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21), a Rho-GAP protein, in energy homeostasis. Wild-type and whole-body ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice were fed either chow or high-fat diet for 10 weeks. These mice were analyzed for body weight, food intake, voluntary physical activity, and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the expression of hypothalamic-anorexic genes. Whole-body ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice showed lower body weight and food intake associated with increased energy expenditure. These mice also showed higher expression of hypothalamic-anorexic genes such as POMC and CART. Our data suggest that the reduction in body weight of ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice was related to alterations in the central nervous system. This suggests a new role for ARHGAP21 in energetic metabolism and prompts us to consider GAP protein members as possible targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases10CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulonão tem2012/14993-9; 2015/12611-

Clinical Epidemiology of Buruli ulcer from Benin (2005-2013): effect of time-delay to diagnosis on clinical forms and severe phenotypes

Buruli Ulcer (BU) is a neglected infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that is responsible for severe necrotizing cutaneous lesions that may be associated with bone involvement. Clinical presentations of BU lesions are classically classified as papules, nodules, plaques and edematous infiltration, ulcer or osteomyelitis. Within these different clinical forms, lesions can be further classified as severe forms based on focality (multiple lesions), lesions' size (>15 cm diameter) or WHO Category (WHO Category 3 lesions). There are studies reporting an association between delay in seeking medical care and the development of ulcerative forms of BU or osteomyelitis, but the effect of time-delay on the emergence of lesions classified as severe has not been addressed. To address both issues, and in a cohort of laboratory-confirmed BU cases, 476 patients from a medical center in Allada, Benin, were studied. In this laboratory-confirmed cohort, we validated previous observations, demonstrating that time-delay is statistically related to the clinical form of BU. Indeed, for non-ulcerated forms (nodule, edema, and plaque) the median time-delay was 32.5 days (IQR 30.0-67.5), while for ulcerated forms it was 60 days (IQR 20.0-120.0) (p = 0.009), and for bone lesions, 365 days (IQR 228.0-548.0). On the other hand, we show here that time-delay is not associated with the more severe phenotypes of BU, such as multi-focal lesions (median 90 days; IQR 56-217.5; p = 0.09), larger lesions (diameter >15 cm) (median 60 days; IQR 30-120; p = 0.92) or category 3 WHO classification (median 60 days; IQR 30-150; p = 0.20), when compared with unifocal (median 60 days; IQR 30-90), small lesions (diameter =15 cm) (median 60 days; IQR 30-90), or WHO category 1+2 lesions (median 60 days; IQR 30-90), respectively. Our results demonstrate that after an initial period of progression towards ulceration or bone involvement, BU lesions become stable regarding size and focal/multi-focal progression. Therefore, in future studies on BU epidemiology, severe clinical forms should be systematically considered as distinct phenotypes of the same disease and thus subjected to specific risk factor investigation.The research leading to these results received funding from the Health Services of the Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian under the grant Proc. No94776 LJ; from the Fundacao para a Ciecia e Tecnologia (FCT), cofunded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte); from the Quadro de Referencia Estrategico Nacional (QREN) through the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) and from the Projeto Estrategico - LA 26 - 2013-2014 (PEst-C/SAU/LA0026/2013). A. G. Fraga received an individual FCT fellowship (SFRH/BPD/68547/2010) and J. Menino received an individual QREN fellowship (UMINHO/BPD/14/2014). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Whole-Body ARHGAP21-Deficiency Improves Energetic Homeostasis in Lean and Obese Mice

Inhibition of Rab-GAP TBC1 domain family member 1 (TBC1D1) reduces body weight and increases energy expenditure in mice. Here, we assessed the possible involvement of GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21), a Rho-GAP protein, in energy homeostasis. Wild-type and whole-body ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice were fed either chow or high-fat diet for 10 weeks. These mice were analyzed for body weight, food intake, voluntary physical activity, and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the expression of hypothalamic-anorexic genes. Whole-body ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice showed lower body weight and food intake associated with increased energy expenditure. These mice also showed higher expression of hypothalamic-anorexic genes such as POMC and CART. Our data suggest that the reduction in body weight of ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice was related to alterations in the central nervous system. This suggests a new role for ARHGAP21 in energetic metabolism and prompts us to consider GAP protein members as possible targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases

PERFIL HEMATOLÓGICO E BIOQUÍMICO DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA ABERDEEN ANGUS DA FAZENDA ESCOLA DA ULBRA – CANOAS/RS

A análise do hemograma e bioquímica sérica são exames utilizados para avaliar o estado de saúde do indivíduo e também do rebanho. Valores de referência locais são adequados para uma melhor avaliação devido a influência de fatores ambientais e de manejo dos animais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar valores de referência para os bovinos da raça Aberdeen Angus criados na Fazenda Escola do curso de Medicina Veterinária da ULBRA-Canoas e a influência dos fatores etários sobre os valores obtidos. Foram utilizados 40 animais divididos em 3 grupos, o grupo 1 (G1, n=8) com animais de 3 a 11 meses, grupo 2 (G2, n=9) com animais de 12 a 36 meses e o grupo 3 (G3, n=23) com animais acima de 36 meses. Os hemogramas foram realizados em contador hematológico automatizado e as análises bioquímicas foram feitas em analisador bioquímico semi-automatizado. A análise estatística foi feita através do programa SAS (Statistical Analysis System), utilizando o teste T Student para determinar as diferenças significativas e o intervalo de confiança. Houve influência da idade em quase todos os parâmetros analisados, exceto eritrócitos e creatina quinase. Os valores obtidos poderão ser utilizados como referência para os animais da Fazenda Escola ULBRA

The Bile Acid TUDCA Improves Beta-Cell Mass and Reduces Insulin Degradation in Mice With Early-Stage of Type-1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by impairment in beta-cell mass and insulin levels, resulting in hyperglycemia and diabetic complications. Since diagnosis, appropriate control of glycaemia in T1D requires insulin administration, which can result in side effects, such as hypoglycemia. In this sense, some bile acids have emerged as new therapeutic targets to treat T1D and T2D, as well as metabolic diseases. The taurine conjugated bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA) reduces the incidence of T1D development and improves glucose homeostasis in obese and T2D mice. However, its effects in early-stage of T1D have not been well explored. Therefore, we have assessed the effects of TUDCA on the glycemic control of mice with early-stage T1D. To achieve this, C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) for 5 days. Once diabetes was confirmed in the STZ mice, they received TUDCA treatment (300 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 24 days. After 15 days of treatment, the STZ+TUDCA mice showed a 43% reduction in blood glucose, compared with the STZ group. This reduction was likely due to an increase in insulinemia. This increase in insulinemia may be explained, at least in part, by a reduction in hepatic IDE activity and, consequently, reduction on insulin clearance, as well as an increase in beta-cell mass and a higher beta-cell number per islet. Also, the groups did not present any alterations in insulin sensitivity. All together, these effects contributed to the improvement of glucose metabolism in T1D mice, pointing TUDCA as a potential therapeutic agent for the glycemic control in early-stage of T1D

Sepse associada ao cateter venoso central em pacientes adultos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Central venous catheter-associated sepsis in adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer e identificar por meio da literatura científica os fatores associados a infecções durante a utilização do CVC na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com enfoque principal na sepse. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada partir das seguintes etapas: escolha do tema, construção da pergunta de pesquisa através do acrônimo PICo (paciente, interesse, contexto), escolha dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), definição dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão dos artigos científicos; coleta, análise e discussão dos dados dos estudos selecionados, exposição da síntese das evidências encontradas. A questão norteadora foi definida a partir do PICo. A população estudada foram os adultos, com interesse nos fatores associados à sepse durante a utilização do cateter venoso central em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Dessa forma, questiona-se quais os fatores influenciam para o acometimento por sepse na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em virtude do cateter venoso central? Resultados e Discussão: Quando há preparação e qualidade por parte da equipe durante o manuseio correto do cateter venoso central (CVC) para realização da manutenção e remoção do dispositivo viabiliza a diminuição de acometimento por sepse. Considerações Finais: A UTI precisa fornecer serviços de qualidade para prestação de cuidados assistenciais holísticos e humanizados sem comprometer a vida do indivíduo internado no setor, viabilizar a comunicação entre profissionais e paciente para fortalecimento de vínculo e maior segurança para ambos