Myths and legends of the fountains of Trás-os-Montes

O distrito de Bragança para lá de diversas qualidades tanto a nível gastronómico, paisagístico e cultural possui também um grande caráter histórico, nomeadamente recheado de lendas e mitos relacionadas com as fontes. Estas histórias mostram, igualmente, que no passado a crença em presságios era algo permanente, principalmente quando havia algo de mau a acontecer a sociedade tentava encontrar a sua salvação com algo visível, como a água.The district of Bragança beyond various qualities, landscaping, gastronomic and cultural ones, also has a great historic nature, namely full of legends and myths related to fountains. These stories also show that in the past the belief in omens was something permanent, especially when there was something bad happening, society tried to find their salvation with something visible, like water

A responsabilidade do Design de Produto na criação do novo através do usado

O presente projeto de investigação, centra-se na área do design de produto, e na compreensão de qual será o resultado criativo dos designers estudantes e recém-formados, em relação a um novo conceito de projeto mais sustentável. O sentido desta investigação foi, em primeiro lugar, determinado pela preocupação que nos assola, conscientemente como designers, sobre a visível degradação do ambiente. Face ao efeito que a acelerada evolução tecnológica, a produção, o consumo desmedido e o excessivo desperdício, que se tem verificado pela população, vemos a necessidade de abordar esta problemática na perspetiva do design de produto que, no nosso parecer, poderá ter algum contributo para minorar o declínio da nossa sustentabilidade. O segundo propósito, resulta da problemática que pudemos verificar em torno da existência de alguma relutância nos programas do ensino de design. Ao que apuramos, os designers, na sua formação, estão programados para gerarem as suas criações com base na utilização de matéria-prima “virgem”, o que exige processos de transformação total dessas matérias. Considerando que os designers têm um papel importante na mudança de hábitos, uma vez que as suas criações influenciam o modo de ser e estar das pessoas, o sentido do design terá, então, de ser honesto em todos os seus métodos, ações e decisões do projeto. Tendo em conta estes problemas, e querendo contribuir com um novo conceito, de forma a minorar o impacte das nossas criações, achamos crucial que a futura atenção do design de produto se foque na reutilização de componentes (em bom estado) de produtos que consumimos hoje, em fim de vida ou em desuso, para a criação de novos artefactos. Para averiguar as situações mencionadas, delineou-se uma metodologia de investigação mista, qualitativa e quantitativa, com recurso a duas ferramentas de recolha de dados. Em primeiro lugar e de forma qualitativa, foi realizado um exercício apresentado sob a forma de um Briefing, para que os designers estudantes e recém-formados pudessem gerar potenciais soluções criativas, utilizando componentes usados como matéria-prima. Em segundo e de forma quantitativa, foi realizado um inquérito por questionário online, para consolidar e fortalecer toda a informação obtida, informando das dificuldades na execução e origem dos problemas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os designers não estão preparados, nem possuem as bases para implementar, ainda, este conceito no exercício da ação de projetar, ainda assim, mostraram concordar que este poderá ser um conceito importante e com sentido para a sua formação. Em suma, esta investigação tem por objetivo compreender a relação do designer com as matérias-primas aquando da execução de projetos e perceber se estão preparados para gerar novos produtos a partir do conceito de reaproveitamento integral ou total de componentes de outros artefactos. Espera-se com este estudo vir a participar numa formação dos designers, que intervenha no abrandar do declínio da sustentabilidade, através de exercícios de ações projetuais mais concentradas no reaproveitamento como na preocupação com planeta e as gerações futuras.This research project focuses on the area of product design, and understanding what will be the creative result of student designers and recent graduates, in relation to a new concept of more sustainable design. The meaning of this investigation was, in the first place, determined by the concern that plagues us, consciously as designers, about the visible degradation of the environment. Given the effect of accelerated technological evolution, production, excessive consumption and excessive waste, which has been experienced by the population, we see the need to address this issue from the perspective of product design, which, in our opinion, may have some contribution to alleviate the decline in our sustainability. The second purpose results from the problem that we could verify around the existence of some reluctance in design education programs. From what we found, the designers, in their training, are programmed to generate their creations based on the use of “virgin” raw material, which requires processes of total transformation of these materials. Considering that designers have an important role to play in changing habits, as their creations influence people's way of being, the meaning of design will then have to be honest in all of its methods, actions and decisions. project. Bearing these problems in mind, and wanting to contribute with a new concept in order to lessen the impact of our creations, we find it crucial that future product design attention is focused on reusing components (in good condition) of products we consume today, at the end of its life or in disuse, for the creation of new artefacts. To investigate the situations mentioned, a mixed, qualitative and quantitative research methodology was designed, using two data collection tools. First, and qualitatively, an exercise presented in the form of a Briefing was carried out, so that student designers and recent graduates could generate potential creative solutions, using components used as raw material. Second, and in a quantitative way, an online questionnaire survey was carried out, to consolidate and strengthen all the information obtained, informing about the difficulties in the execution and the origin of the problems. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the designers are not prepared, nor do they have the bases to implement this concept in the exercise of the design action, yet they agreed that this could be an important concept and with meaning for their training. In short, this investigation aims to understand the designer's relationship with raw materials when carrying out projects and understand if they are prepared to generate new products from the concept of full or total reuse of components from other artefacts. It is expected that this study will participate in a training of designers, which will intervene in slowing down the decline in sustainability, through exercises in design actions more focused on reuse as well as on the concern with the planet and future generations

Tolerance response of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to climate change: biochemical aspects of salinity- and/or heat-induced stress

In the face of ongoing and projected climate change, including longer and more severe heat waves, longer periods of water shortage and the growing problem of soil salinity, the understanding of plants´ response to the combination of two abiotic stress factors that commonly occur simultaneously - salinity and heat - is a matter of special interest. Thus, in this study, the effect of the co-exposure of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) to salt (100 mM NaCl) and heat (42 ºC; 4 h/day) was evaluated. After 28 days of growth, 21 of which under the salt irrigation and/or heat exposure treatment, plants were collected and used for biometric and biochemical measurements. The individual exposure of tomato plants to heat or salt led to a significant reduction of both shoot and root length and dry weight, which was more pronounced in the combined treatment. Moreover, the co-exposure treatment negatively affected chlorophylls and carotenoids content, again, impacting much more on these parameters than the individual stresses. Lipid peroxidation levels in shoots also decreased, similarly to individual treatments. However, in roots, only the heat stress showed this effect. Hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced in shoots for every treatment and, oppositely, increased in roots for both heat and combined treatments. In what concerns antioxidant metabolites, glutathione levels were equally reduced in plants exposed to salt and the combined treatment. Contrarily, these two treatments led to an exorbitant increase in proline - a powerful osmolyte - in the whole plant, although this effect was more pronounced when the plants were exposed only to salt stress. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that tomato plants adopt different strategies for each stressor, however, further studies are underway to better understand the biochemical basis underlying tomato´s response to combined heat and salinity stress.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In Vivo 1H MRS at 14.1T for the Accurate Characterization of the Lipid Profile of the Mouse Liver

1H MRS was employed at 14.1T to non-invasively quantify the lipid content of small samples (8-15 µl). In the mouse liver, good spectral stability was achieved by running individual scans within one breathing cycle. Ultra short TE STEAM with water suppression was used to estimate the unsaturation profile of the fatty acyl chains. This method was in good agreement with in vitro measurements in phantoms. High field is advantageous to accurately characterize the lipid profile of small samples such as the volumes selected in the liver of mice, with no need to increase the acquisition time for sensitivity gain

Technical and experimental features of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of brain glycogen metabolism

In the brain, glycogen is a source of glucose not only in emergency situations but also during normal brain activity. Altered brain glycogen metabolism is associated with energetic dysregulation in pathological conditions, such as diabetes or epilepsy. Both in humans and animals, brain glycogen levels have been assessed non-invasively by Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C-MRS) in vivo. With this approach, glycogen synthesis and degradation may be followed in real time, thereby providing valuable insights into brain glycogen dynamics. However, compared to the liver and muscle, where glycogen is abundant, the sensitivity for detection of brain glycogen by 13C-MRS is inherently low. In this review we focus on strategies used to optimize the sensitivity for 13C-MRS detection of glycogen. Namely, we explore several technical perspectives, such as magnetic field strength, field homogeneity, coil design, decoupling, and localization methods. Furthermore, we also address basic principles underlying the use of 13C-labeled precursors to enhance the detectable glycogen signal, emphasizing specific experimental aspects relevant for obtaining kinetic information on brain glycogen

Evolution of the Hepatic Lipid Profile of the Adult Mouse - in Vivo and in Vitro 1H MRS Assessments at 14.1T

The hepatic lipid content and composition were assessed in healthy mice throughout adulthood. It was found that aging and obesity contributed to increase the amount of lipids in the liver while decreasing the poly-unsaturation degree. The combination of in vivo 1H MRS assessments with in vitromeasurements on tissues extracts illustrated the important contribution of membrane lipids to the total poly-unsaturation degree of the fatty acyl chains. Changes of the unsaturation profile of cytosolic lipids can be monitored by in vivo 1H MRS, which is of interest for the study of genetic and diet-induced mice models of metabolic diseases

Novel approaches on melatonin role: presence of clock-hormone in fish seminal plasma

The study of melatonin is of great importance for the fundamental knowledge of any living system since it displays many different physiological roles, including being a potent natural antioxidant. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information regarding melatonin in fish seminal plasma. This study aimed to determine this clock-hormone levels in the seminal plasma of three aquaculture fish species: European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) (both wild and F1 breeders), and to explore melatonin potential role in fish reproduction and spermatozoa antioxidant status. Blood and seminal plasma were collected from fish during their reproductive season, at two different times of the day [mid-light (ML) and mid-dark (MD)], and melatonin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were also determined, to investigate the putative role of seminal melatonin in fish reproduction, both at endocrine and antioxidant levels. For each species, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed between all possible factors. Blood plasma melatonin showed higher average values at night in the three species: gilthead seabream (808 +/- 139 pg/mL), European seabass (364 +/- 85 pg/mL), and Senegalese sole (248 +/- 40 and 88 +/- 11 pg/mL in F1 and wild males, respectively). However, melatonin levels in seminal plasma were species-specific: in European seabass, melatonin levels were not detectable at any time-point, whereas in gilthead seabream it was only found at MD (average of 21 pg/mL), and in Senegalese sole, different melatonin patterns were observed between F1 and wild males, but both had higher melatonin at MD (6.84 and 14.26 pg/mL, respectively). In gilthead seabream, at MD seminal melatonin levels correlated with the antioxidant status of seminal plasma. A relationship between blood melatonin and seminal TAS levels was observed in European seabass at ML: in this species, seminal melatonin could not be detected and the lowest seminal TAS levels were found. Regarding steroid analysis, opposite patterns in the seminal plasma of F1 and wild Senegalese sole were observed: at MD, wild Senegalese sole had substantially greater 11KT levels (2.53 ng/mL), whereas F1 males had higher T levels (1.92 ng/mL). In gilthead seabream, a positive correlation between T and ML blood melatonin and seminal TAS was observed. This study unraveled the species-specificity and daily changes of melatonin in fish seminal plasma.LA/P/0101/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Construcción de un instrumento de colecta de datos de enfermería ginecología

this is a descriptive exploratory survey. The purpose was to construct an instrument to collect data aiming implantation to systematize nursing assistance in a gynecologic clinic. The instrument was elaborated based on the Bifocal Clinical Practice Model developed by Carpenito constructed according to the Functional Health Patterns described by Gordon. When elaborating the instrument, a method to organize and register a greater number of information on general and special conditions of the patient's health. It was applied in 100 women hospitalized in a gynecologic clinic of a Public Teaching Hospital in the city of São Paulo, from May to September 2002. The results showed that the constructed instrument was adequate because it made possible to identify 48 nursing diagnosis. Eight diagnoses were identified in a frequency of 70% to 100%, being Risk of Infection, Altered Comfort, Deficit of knowledge and Fear occurred in 100% and Anxiety, Behavior to increase Health Status, Disorder in the sleep pattern and Impaired Skin Integrity was observed in a frequency of 96.0% to 70.0%. The others variables occurred in a frequency of 31.0% to 64.0%Este estudio es una pesquisa descriptiva exploratoria y tuvo como objetivo la construcción de un instrumento de colecta de datos, almejando la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería en una clínica de cirugías ginecológicas. El instrumento fue elaborado con base en el Modelo Bifocal de la Práctica de Carpenito, construido según los Padrones Funcionales de la Salud descriptos por Gordon. Se buscó en la elaboración del instrumento una forma de organizaar y registrar el mayor número de informaciones sobre las condiciones generales y especiales de la salud de los pacientes. Fue aplicado en 100 mujeres internadas en un clínica ginecológica de un Hospital Público Estadual de Enseñanza del Municipio de São Paulo, en el periodo de mayo a septiembre de 2002. Los resultados mostraron que el instrumento construido fue adecuado una vez que posibilitó la identificación de 48 diagnósticos de enfermería. Fueron identificados ocho diagnóstios en una frecuencia de 70.0% a 100%, siendo que Riesgo para infección, Conforto alterado, déficit de conocimiento y miedo ocorrieron en 100% y, Ansiedad, Comportamiento para elevar el nivel de la salud, disturbio en el padrón del sueño e integridad de la piel perjudicada, ocurrieron en 96% a 70.0% . Las demás variables ocurrieron en una frecuencia de 31.0% a 64.0%Trata-se de pesquisa Survery descritivo exploratório. Teve como objetivo a construção de um instrumento de coleta de dados, visando a implantação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em uma clínica de cirurgias ginecológicas. O instrumento foi elaborado com base no Modelo Bifocal da Prática Clínica de Carpenito, construído segundo os Padrões Funcionais de Saúde descritos por Gordon. Buscou-se na elaboração do instrumento uma forma de organizar e registrar um maior número de informações sobre as condições gerais e especiais de saúde das pacientes. Foi aplicado em 100 mulheres internadas em uma clinica ginecológica de um Hospital Público Estadual de Ensino do Município de São Paulo, no período de maio a setembro de 2002. Os resultados mostraram que o instrumento construído foi adequado, pois, possibilitou a identificação de 48 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Destaca-se que foram identificados oito diagnósticos numa freqüência de 70,0% a 100%, sendo que: Risco para infecção, conforto alterado, déficit de conhecimento e medoocorreram em 100% e, Ansiedade, Comportamento para elevar o nível de saúde, Distúrbio no padrão do sono e Integridade da pele prejudicada, numa freqüência de 96,0% a 70,0%. Os demais ocorreram numa freqüência de 31,0% a 64,0%.UNIFESPUNIFESP Departamento de Enfermagem Disciplina Enfermagem ObstétricaUNIFESP, Depto. de Enfermagem Disciplina Enfermagem ObstétricaSciEL