Recommendations on the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma prepared by the Oncology Department of the Polish Dermatology Society and the Melanoma Academy Department of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequent malignant neoplasms among Caucasian patients. Despite the fact that they seldom metastasise and are not directly fatal, they constitute a significant clinical issue. Such cancers infiltrate surrounding tissues and destroy the surrounding structures, e.g. bones and cartilages, as a result of which such structures develop into severe aesthetic defects and significantly deteriorate the life quality of the patients. Among patients from the high-risk group (namely patients under chronic immunosuppression or those genetically predisposed to develop UV-induced skin cancers) skin cancers may be aggressive and fatal. The Oncology Department of the Polish Dermatology Society (Polish: Sekcja Onkologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego — PTD) and the Melanoma Academy Department of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery (Polish: Sekcja Akademia Czerniaka Polskiego Towarzystwa Chirurgii Onkologicznej — PTChO), based on the current European guidelines, American recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (revision 1.2015), and interventional reviews of publications elaborated by the Cochrane Skin Group, attempted to systemise the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and determine homogenous rules of primary and secondary prevention in patients suspected/diagnosed with a basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma. This paper presents actual recommendations regarding skin cancer diagnosis and treatment, taking all related benefits and challenges into consideration, as well as recommendations for post-treatment patient monitoring

Recommendations on the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma prepared by the Oncology Department of the Polish Dermatology Society and the Melanoma Academy Department of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery

Rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC) oraz rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC) są najczęściej występującymi nowotworami złośliwymi u osób rasy kaukaskiej. Pomimo że rzadko prowadzą do powstawania przerzutów i zgonu chorego, to stanowią jednak bardzo istotny problem kliniczny, ponieważ charakteryzują się naciekaniem i niszczeniem sąsiadujących tkanek i struktur, co sprawia, że stają się powodem poważnych defektów estetycznych i znacząco upośledzają jakość życia chorych. U pacjentów w trakcie przewlekłej immunosupresji lub z genetyczną predyspozycją mogą mieć jednak agresywny i prowadzący do śmierci przebieg. Z tego powodu Sekcja Onkologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego oraz Sekcja Akademia Czerniaka Polskiego Towarzystwa Chirurgii Onkologicznej, na podstawie aktualnych wytycznych europejskich, rekomendacji amerykańskich National Comprehensive Cancer Network (wersja 1.2015) oraz interwencyjnych recenzji publikacji opracowanych przez Cochrane Skin Group, podjęła próbę usystematyzowania zasad postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego oraz ustalenia jednorodnych zasad prewencji pierwotnej i wtórnej u pacjentów z podejrzeniem/rozpoznaniem raka podstawnokomórkowego lub kolczystokomórkowego. W pracy przedstawiono aktualne zalecenia dotyczące rozpoznania i leczenia raków skóry, uwzględniając korzyści oraz problemy z nim związane, a także wytyczne monitorowania pacjentów po terapii.Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequent malignant neoplasms among Caucasian patients. Despite the fact that they seldom metastasise and are not directly fatal, they constitute a significant clinical issue. Such cancers infiltrate surrounding tissues and destroy the surrounding structures, e.g. bones and cartilages, as a result of which such structures develop into severe aesthetic defects and significantly deteriorate the life quality of the patients. Among patients from the high-risk group (namely patients under chronic immunosuppression or those genetically predisposed to develop UV-induced skin cancers) skin cancers may be aggressive and fatal. The Oncology Department of the Polish Dermatology Society (Polish: Sekcja Onkologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego — PTD) and the Melanoma Academy Department of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery (Polish: Sekcja Akademia Czerniaka Polskiego Towarzystwa Chirurgii Onkologicznej — PTChO), based on the current European guidelines, American recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (revision 1.2015), and interventional reviews of publications elaborated by the Cochrane Skin Group, attempted to systemise the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and determine homogenous rules of primary and secondary prevention in patients suspected/diagnosed with a basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma. This paper presents actual recommendations regarding skin cancer diagnosis and treatment, taking all related benefits and challenges into consideration, as well as recommendations for post-treatment patient monitoring

Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the skin recommended by the Oncology Section of the Polish Dermatology Society as well as the Melanoma Academy Section of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery

Rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC— basal cell carcinoma) oraz rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC — squamous cell carcinoma) są najczęściej występującymi nowotworami złośliwymi występującymi u osób rasy kaukaskiej. Pomimo że rzadko prowadzą do powstawania przerzutów i zgonu chorego, to stanowią jednak bardzo istotny problem kliniczny, ponieważ charakteryzują się naciekaniem i niszczeniem sąsiadujących tkanek i struktur, co sprawia, że stają się powodem poważnych defektów estetycznych i znacząco upośledzają jakość życia chorych. U pacjentów w trakcie przewlekłej immunosupresji lub z genetyczną predyspozycją mogą mieć jednak agresywny i prowadzący do śmierci przebieg. Z tego powodu Sekcja Onkologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego oraz sekcja Akademia Czerniaka Polskiego Towarzystwa Chirurgii Onkologicznej, na podstawie aktualnych wytycznych europejskich, rekomendacji amerykańskich National Comprehensive Cancer Network (wersja 1.2015) oraz interwencyjnych recenzji publikacji opracowanych przez Cochrane Skin Group, podjęła próbę usystematyzowania zasad postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego oraz ustalenia jednorodnych zasad prewencji pierwotnej i wtórnej u pacjentów z podejrzeniem/rozpoznaniem raka podstawnokomórkowego lub kolczystokomórkowego. W pracy przedstawiono aktualne zalecenia dotyczące rozpoznania i leczenia raków skory, uwzględniając korzyści oraz problemy z nim związane, a także wytyczne monitorowania pacjentów po terapii.  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as well as the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequent malignant neoplasms among Caucasian patients. Despite the fact, that they seldom metastasise and are not directly fatal, they constitute a significant clinical issue. Such cancers infiltrate surrounding tissues and destroy the surrounding structures, e.g., bones and cartilages. This results in such structures developing severe defects and significantly reduces the quality of life of the patients. Those with chronic immunosuppresion or a genetic predisposition to develop UV-induced skin cancer are at risk of dying, particularly if the cancer is aggressive. The Oncology Department of the Polish Dermatology Society (Polish: Sekcja Onkologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego — PTD) as well as the Melanoma Academy Department of the Polish Society of Oncological Surgery (Polish: sekcja Akademia Czerniaka Polskiego Towarzystwa Chirurgii Onkologicznej — PTChO), basing on the current European guidelines, American recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (revision 1.2015) and interventional reviews of publications elaborated by the Cochrane Skin Group, attempted to systemise the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and o determine rules for primary and secondary prevention in patients suspected/diagnosed with a basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma. The paper presents recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment of skin cancers, taking all related benefits and challenges into consideration, as well as recommendations for post treatment patients monitoring

Stable isotopic evidence for land use patterns in the Middle Euphrates Valley, Syria.

OBJECTIVES: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13 C and δ15 N) were used to reconstruct the history of subsistence strategies in the middle Euphrates valley, NE Syria, in six temporal subsets dating from the Early Bronze Age (c. 2300 BCE) to the Modern period (19th/20th century CE). The study aims to demonstrate that changes in political and social organization over time, for which the archaeological record suggests different goals of land use and modes of production, register through dietary patterns that are reflected in isotopic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 173 dentin samples were taken from human individuals buried at three sites (Tell Ashara, Tell Masaikh and Gebel Mashtale) together with 15 animal bone samples. Distribution of the δ13 C and δ15 N values in collagen was interpreted in diachronic perspective, and with regard to lifetime shifts between childhood and adolescence. RESULTS: Diachronically, isotope signatures indicate a clear decrease in δ15 N values accompanied by a small shift in δ13 C values between the Old Babylonian (c. 1800-1600 BCE) and the Neo-Assyrian (c. 850-600 BCE) subsets. A major shift in δ13 C values occurred between the Early Islamic (c. 600-1200 CE) and Modern (c. 1800-1950) periods. Ontogenetic changes only occur in a few individuals, but these suggest change of residence between childhood and adolescence. DISCUSSION: The depletion in 15 N from the Neo-Assyrian period onwards is best explained in terms of a shift from intensive to extensive farming, triggered by the fall of regional city-states after the Old Babylonian period and the formation of large supra-regional polities in the Neo-Assyrian period and later. The enrichment in 13 C during the Modern period was most likely the effect of more widely utilizing the dry steppes, abundant in C4 plants, as pasture

Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000–3000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed from the historical period onward (3000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia and France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. At least 7% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring geography. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe

Krótki przegląd badań paleopatologicznych na terenie Mezopotamii

Oskar Kubra

Analysis of morphological differences between prehistoric populations using a non-hierarchic method of data clustering

Presented in this paper non-hierarchic method of cluster analysis allows studying of morphological variability in big populations on the basis of individual characteristic of specimens. Test taken by the authors have confirmed correct results of the proposed algorithm and showed the role of proper preparation of data, choice of appropriate distance measure and importance of the process of interpretation the results of clustering

Mesopotamian Infuence on Persian Sky-watching and Calendar Part I. Mithra, Shamash and Solar Festivals1

Krzysztof Jakubia