Allelopathic effect of plant species Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. on weed species scentless mayweed and redroot pigweed

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi alelopatski utjecaj vodenih ekstrakata od vrste Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. na klijavost i rast korovnih vrsta bezmirisna kamilica (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H. Schultz) i oštrodlakavi šćir (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Pokus je proveden u laboratorijskim uvjetima u Petrijevim zdjelicama, a istraženi su ekstrakti od svježe mase lista u koncentracijama od 2, 4, 6, 8, i 10%. Rezultati su pokazali da vodeni ekstrakti nemaju značajan alelopatski utjecaj na klijavost i rast klijanaca bezmirisne kamilice. Vodeni ekstrakti nisu imali značajan utjecaj na klijavost, duljinu korijena i suhu masu oštrodlakavog šćira, dok su duljina izdanka i svježa masa klijanaca bile stimulirane, posebice pri višim koncentracijama ekstraktaThe aim of the study was to determine the allelopathic effects of water extracts from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. on germination and growth of weed species scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H. Schultz) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions in Petri dishes, and water extracts from fresh leaves were analysed at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The results showed that water extracts had no significant allelopathic effect on germination and growth of scentless mayweed seedlings. Water extracts showed no significant effect on germination, root length and dry weight of redroot pigweed, while the shoot length and fresh seedling weight were stimulated, especially at higher concentrations of the extract

British educational systems: A comparative overview

U ovome radu smo se posvetili proučavanju britanskog modela obrazovnog sustava kako bi u njemu pronašli različitosti u odnosu na hrvatski obrazovni sustav. Metodom komparacije smo istakli različitosti unutar samog britanskog sustava, koji se sastoji od četiri obrazovna podsustava: engleskog, škotskog, velškog i sjevernoirskog. Nakon što smo uvidjeli nedostatke i prednosti svakog britanskog podsustava, komparirali smo britanski obrazovni sustav kao cjelinu s hrvatskim obrazovnim sustavom. Spoznali smo da se britanski i hrvatski obrazovni sustavi razlikuju u mnogo aspekata. Samo je visoko obrazovanje jednako uređeno zbog primjene Bolonjskog procesa. Najvažnija prednost britanskog obrazovnog sustava naspram hrvatskog je njegova fleksibilnost. U Velikoj Britaniji učenici u nekoliko faza tijekom školovanja imaju priliku promijeniti svoj tijek obrazovanja, dok je u Hrvatskoj taj sustav prilično nefleksibilan, posebice nakon upisa u srednju školu.In this work we have studied the British educational model in order to find differences to the Croatian educational model. With the method of comparison we have underlined the differences within the British system, which consists of four educational subsystems: English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish. After we have seen the flaws and the advantages of each British subsystem, we compared the British educational system as a whole with the Croatian educational system. We realized that the British and the Croatian educational systems differ in many aspects. Higher education is the only area that is similar in both systems, due to the Bologna Process being implemented by both countries. The essential advantage of the British educational system is its flexibility. In Great Britain students have several phases during their education in which they can change the outcome of their further education, while in Croatia the system is really unflexible, especially after enrolling in secondary school

Utjecaj načina šaržiranja obradaka na svojstva PACVD prevlaka

U teorijskome dijelu rada opisan je CVD postupak kemijskoga prevlačenja iz parne faze (engl. Chemical Vapour Deposition), njegove fizikalno-kemijske osnove, podjela, prednosti i nedostaci te primjena. Detaljno je opisan PACVD postupak s posebnim osvrtom na utjecaj energije iona (plazme), položaja i geometrije uzorka u reaktoru PACVD uređaja na kvalitetu prevlake. U eksperimentalnome dijelu, uz navedene parametre prevlačenja TiN prevlake i sastava osnovnog materijala (X38CrMoV5–3), prikazane su metode i detaljno analizirani rezultati ispitivanja kvalitete prionjivosti prevlake Rockwell C testom, debljine prevlake kalotestom i kemijskoga sastava TiN prevlake GDOES testom. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na značajan utjecaj načina šaržiranja obratka na kvalitetu prevlake i njenu debljinu

Allelopathic effect of plant species Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. on weed species scentless mayweed and redroot pigweed

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi alelopatski utjecaj vodenih ekstrakata od vrste Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. na klijavost i rast korovnih vrsta bezmirisna kamilica (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H. Schultz) i oštrodlakavi šćir (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Pokus je proveden u laboratorijskim uvjetima u Petrijevim zdjelicama, a istraženi su ekstrakti od svježe mase lista u koncentracijama od 2, 4, 6, 8, i 10%. Rezultati su pokazali da vodeni ekstrakti nemaju značajan alelopatski utjecaj na klijavost i rast klijanaca bezmirisne kamilice. Vodeni ekstrakti nisu imali značajan utjecaj na klijavost, duljinu korijena i suhu masu oštrodlakavog šćira, dok su duljina izdanka i svježa masa klijanaca bile stimulirane, posebice pri višim koncentracijama ekstraktaThe aim of the study was to determine the allelopathic effects of water extracts from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. on germination and growth of weed species scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H. Schultz) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions in Petri dishes, and water extracts from fresh leaves were analysed at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The results showed that water extracts had no significant allelopathic effect on germination and growth of scentless mayweed seedlings. Water extracts showed no significant effect on germination, root length and dry weight of redroot pigweed, while the shoot length and fresh seedling weight were stimulated, especially at higher concentrations of the extract

Klinička slika plućne tuberkuloze na kraju drugog tisućljeća

Over the last 120 years, a great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. In Western Europe, the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 700/100,000 at the beginning, and 10-20/100,000 at the end of the 20th century. Changes in the epidemiological pattern entailed modifications in the clinical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis over the mentioned period of time, so that at the end of the century (and millennium) four forms of the disease could be defined: 1) active pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with post-tuberculosis sequels; 2) active pulmonary tuberculosis not associated with other diseases; 3) active pulmonary tuberculosis associated with chronic diseases; and 4) active pulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. It is emphasized that an increase in the number of group 3 and 4 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients should be expected in the third millennium. The detection and management of these patients are difficult and complex. The detection of pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively late, while the treatment often fails and leads to development of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The existent problems encountered in the management of tuberculosis patients could be minimized by the use of DOTS program, recommended by the World Health Organization and also by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia.U posljednjih 120 godina učinjen je velik napredak u dijagnostici i liječenju plućne tuberkuloze. Incidencija tuberkuloze u zapadnoj Europi na početku bila je 700/100.000, a na kraju stoljeća 10-20/100.000. Promjenom epidemiološke situacije kroz navedeno razdoblje mijenjala se i klinička slika tuberkuloze, koja bi se na kraju stoljeća (tisućljeća) mogla definirati u četiri oblika: 1. aktivna plućna tuberkuloza u bolesnika s poslijetuberkuloznim posljedicama; 2. aktivna plućna tuberkuloza bez drugih popratnih bolesti; 3. aktivna plućna tuberkuloza s popratnim kroničnim bolestima; i 4. aktivna plućna tuberkuloza u imuno kompromitiranih bolesnika. Ističe se kako u trećem tisućljeću treba očekivati porast bolesnika s aktivnom plućnom tuberkulozom treće i četvrte skupine. Napominje se kako je otkrivanje i liječenje ovih bolesnika teško i složeno. Tuberkuloza se otkriva relativno kasno, liječenje je često neuspješno i brzo dovodi do razvoja rezistentnih sojeva Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primjenom programa DOTS koji preporuča Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija i Ministarstvo zdravstva Republike Hrvatske postojeći bi se problemi u zbrinjavanju tuberkuloznih bolesnika mogli svesti na najmanju moguću mjeru

Challenges in geotagging encyclopaedias

Enciklopedije se, kao pouzdani izvori znanja koje izrađuju stručnjaci predmetnoga područja i leksikografi, među drugim karakteristikama, diče i svojom pouzdanošću, točnošću i preciznošću. Prostorni prikaz enciklopedijskoga znanja na određeni se način već odavno koristi na geografskim i tematskim kartama, no digitalno doba donijelo je znatno proširene mogućnosti. Ipak, u nedostatku osustavljenoga modela obilježavanja i prikaza (geotagiranja) enciklopedijskoga znanja, rijetka djela u punoj mjeri rabe takav pristup. Stvaranje takva modela donosi i neke izazove. Imena lokacija (gradova, ulica, trgova i sl.) kroz vrijeme se mogu mijenjati, što je izazov u složenom pretraživanju ili prikazu na karti. U takvim se slučajevima traže rješenja svođenja na zajedničku oznaku, što je princip regularizacije (normalizacije) teksta. Istraživanje je potaknuto nastojanjem za unapređenjem mrežnoga izdanja Hrvatske tehničke enciklopedije Leksikografskoga zavoda Miroslav Krleža na Portalu hrvatske tehničke baštine. Autori analiziraju dosadašnju enciklopedijsku praksu bilježenja mjesnih imena koja su se kroz vrijeme mijenjala te razmatraju koji oblici bilježenja najbolje odgovaraju specifičnim, praktičnim zahtjevima digitalne enciklopedike. Takav bi način bilježenja i prikaza povećao upotrebljivost enciklopedija, jer bi se uz nastavak prakse prikaza informacija koje su precizne, korisnicima omogućilo olakšano pretraživanje i pregledavanje te prikaz znanja na karti.Encyclopaedias, as a reliable source of knowledge produced by experts and lexicographers, are, among other characteristics, known for their reliability, accuracy, and precision. The spatial representation of encyclopedic knowledge has in a way been used for a long time, such as in thematic maps, but the digital age has brought significantly expanded possibilities. However, in the absence of an established model for marking and displaying (geotagging) encyclopedic knowledge, few works make full use of such an approach. Creating such a model has some challenges. Locations names (of cities, streets, squares, etc.) can change over time, which can be a challenge when trying to do a complex search or display information on a map. In such cases, solutions are sought to reduce information to a common label, which is the principle of text regularisation (normalisation). The research was prompted by efforts to improve the online edition of the Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology by the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography on the Croatian Technical Heritage Portal. The authors analyse the current encyclopedic practice of recording place names that have changed over time, and consider which forms of recording best suit the specific, practical requirements of digital encyclopedic projects of today. Such a way of marking and displaying would increase the usability of encyclopedias because, along with providing information that is accurate, it would enable users to easily search, browse, and look up knowledge on a map

Tables as a Means to Enhance the Structure of Encyclopedic Works

Enciklopedička djela čine sintezu znanja područja koje obrađuju, nerijetko i ukupnih ljudskih dosega u vremenu u kojem nastaju. Važan dio njihova koncepta čini strukturiranost sadržaja radi lakšega pronalaženja, razumijevanja i korištenja željenom informacijom. Važan element te strukturiranosti mogu činiti unificirani tablični prikazi podataka. Ovaj rad istražuje zastupljenost, način organizacije i funkcionalnost tabličnih prikaza u nizu enciklopedičkih djela, a osobito onih za koja je utvrđeno da se koriste tabličnim prikazima kao elementima strukturiranosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na svjetskim enciklopedičkim izdanjima (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Chambersʼs Encyclopaedia, World Book Encyclopedia, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, La Grande Encyclopédie, Wikipedija) te projektima hrvatske enciklopedike (Hrvatska enciklopedija, Proleksis enciklopedija i Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija). Sadržajnom analizom enciklopedičkih projekata utvrđeni su zastupljenost i sadržaj tabličnih prikaza te različitosti i sličnosti vrsta tih prikaza i njihova sadržaja. Također, analizirane su funkcionalnosti takva oblika strukturiranoga sadržaja u mrežnim izdanjima nekih projekata. Pokazalo se kako unificirani tablični prikazi koji prate pojedine tipske članke najviše pridonose strukturiranosti enciklopedičkih djela te otvaraju nove mogućnosti za unutarnje i vanjsko povezivanje sadržaja, razvoja ontologija i sl. Evolucija tabličnih prikaza u enciklopedičkim izdanjima, od pukih prikaza usustavljenih podataka u tradicionalnim (tiskanim) izdanjima do sastavnica elemenata strukture mrežnih izdanja, otvara nove mogućnosti u razvoju enciklopedike i dovodi do promjena u pristupu izvedbi mrežnih enciklopedičkih projekata.Encyclopedic works are a synthesis of knowledge of a certain field of interest, and often of the whole human achievement at the time in which they arise. As highly informative works of a tertiary type, an important part of their concept is content structure, the purpose of which is to make them easier to understand and use. This paper explores the extent of tables, their means of organization, and their functionality in encyclopedic works. This research was conducted on well-known traditional (printed) encyclopedic works, such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Chambers’s Encyclopaedia, World Book Encyclopedia, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, La Grande Encyclopédie, as well as Croatian encyclopedic works: Croatian Encyclopedia, Proleksis Encyclopedia, Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology. Content analysis was conducted on tables in encyclopedic projects as important components of the structure of relevant data, providing an overview of the extent of tables and their content in selected encyclopedic works. By comparing the results of the content analysis of multiple encyclopedic works, differences, and similarities in table types and their content are shown to indicate possibilities and requisites when compiling such highly structured content. Furthermore, insight is provided into the functionalities of such structured content in online editions of some of these encyclopedic works as well as of Wikipedia as the most commonly used online encyclopaedia. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of tables in encyclopedic works, from the mere rendering of systematized data in traditional works to tables as elements of structure in online works that can be used to develop ontologies, this, in turn, generates new possibilities in the development of encyclopedic studies and a new approach to the creation of online encyclopedic works

A Bibliography of the Tehnička enciklopedija (1963−97)

Bibliografija obuhvaća sve članke objavljene u Tehničkoj enciklopediji Leksikografskoga zavoda Miroslav Krleža koja je izlazila u razdoblju od 1963. do 1997. u 13 svezaka. Osim popisa članaka, bibliografija sadržava i imensko i strukovno kazalo.The bibliography encompasses all articles published in the 13-volume Tehnička enciklopedija (Encyclopaedia of Technology) of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography in the 1963–1997 period. Apart from a list of articles, the bibliography also contains an index of personal names and an index of fields of science

The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Star formation properties and radio luminosity functions of AGN with moderate-to-high radiative luminosities out to z∼6z\sim6

We study a sample of 1,604 moderate-to-high radiative luminosity active galactic nuclei (HLAGN) selected at 3 GHz within the VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. These were classified by combining multiple AGN diagnostics: X-ray data, mid-infrared data and broad-band spectral energy distribution fitting. We decompose the total radio 1.4 GHz luminosity ($\mathrm{L_{1.4\ GHz,TOT}}$) into the emission originating from star formation and AGN activity by measuring the excess in $\mathrm{L_{1.4\ GHz,TOT}}$ relative to the infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies. To quantify the excess, for each source we calculate the AGN fraction ($\mathrm{f_{AGN}}$), the fractional contribution of AGN activity to $\mathrm{L_{1.4\ GHz,TOT}}$. The majority of the HLAGN, $(68.0\pm1.5)\%$, are dominated by star-forming processes ($f_{AGN}\leq0.5$), while $(32.0\pm1.5)\%$ are dominated by AGN-related radio emission ($0.5<f_{AGN}\leq1$). We use the AGN-related 1.4 GHz emission to derive the 1.4 GHz AGN luminosity functions of HLAGN. By assuming pure density and pure luminosity evolution models we constrain their cosmic evolution out to $z\sim6$, finding $\mathrm{\Phi^* (z) \propto (1+z)^{(2.64\pm0.10)+(-0.61\pm0.04) z}}$ and $\mathrm{L^* (z) \propto (1+z)^{(3.97\pm0.15) + (-0.92\pm0.06)z}}$. These evolutionary laws show that the number and luminosity density of HLAGN increased from higher redshifts ($z\sim6$) up to a maximum in the redshift range $1<z<2.5$, followed by a decline towards local values. By scaling the 1.4 GHz AGN luminosity to kinetic luminosity using the standard conversion, we estimate the kinetic luminosity density as a function of redshift. We compare our result to the semi-analytic models of radio mode feedback finding that this feedback could have played an important role in the context of AGN-host coevolution in HLAGN which show evidence of AGN-related radio emission ($f_{AGN}>0$).Comment: 20 pages, 14 figure