Effects of Artemia enriched with vitamin C and highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and survival of post-larval western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The effects of diets containing enriched Artemia with highly unsaturated fatty acids and different amounts of vitamin C on the growth factors and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae was studied. We used four different groups (three treatments and one control) with 3 replicate for each treatment during 15 days. All post larvae were randomly selected and fed with four diets containing normal Artemia (control treatment), Artemia enriched with cod liver oil (treatment 1), Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 10 percent of vitamin C (treatment 2) and Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 20 percent of vitamin C (treatment 3). Farming of shrimp larvae from PL1 to PL15 was completed in 300 liters tanks each containing around 150 liters of water. At the end of the experiment, the growth factors and survival rate of stage PL15 in treatments 1, 2 and 3 improved in comparison with control treatment. The survival rate at PL15 in treatments 2 and 3 showed a significant difference from control due to the synergistic properties of unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin C. No significant difference was found for survival rate between treatment 1 and the control treatment in PL15 stage. Also, no significant difference was seen for growth rate between treatments 2 and 3 in PL15. The highest growth factors and survival rate among different treatments in stage PL15 was observed in treatment 3 (diets containing Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 20 percent vitamin C) and the lowest was associated with control treatment, diets containing un-enriched Artemia

Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi

The effects of differing ratios of bamboo/plastic polymers on resistance to fungal attack was assessed using two different decay test methods. Weight losses for non-treated southern pine and Carpinus betulus sapwood blocks indicated that the test conditions were suitable for aggressive decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor. Mass losses on the bamboo/composites tended to be very low, regardless of the method employed. In general, moisture levels in the composites were extremely low although they were close to the point where fungal attack could occur when only the bamboo components were considered. The standard decay tests indicated that bamboo can be considered a suitable substitute for wood flour in wood-plastic composites.   PDF XM

Population genetic study on croaker species Atrobucca nibe in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using molecular methods

Black Mouth Croaker (Atrobucca nibe) is of significant value from the economics point of view. In the following study, the genetic diversity of Atrobucca nibe has been investigated using the PCR-sequencing method from three different regions of the Persian gulf and Oman Sea, namely Chabahar in the Sistan and Baluchestan and Jask in Hormozgan Province of Iran and Fujairah in the Fujairah Emirate of the United Arab of Emirates. The purpose of the following exploration has essentially beencoined to further the study of Atrobucca nibe genetic diversity and its population structure in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. For this purpose, a number of 54 fish have been collected from the aforementioned regions. The DNA of the fish had been extracted through the Ammonium Acetate method and the quality of the DNAs were analyzed via the spectrophotometry and furthermore the quantity of the extracted DNA were assessed viaelectrophoresis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the targeted DNAs and thenceforth DNA sequencing was carried out. Subsequently, through sequencing it was discovered that the D-loop region in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Black Mouth Croaker,contained 270 base pairs (bp). For the purpose of analyzing the genetic diversity of Atrobucca nibe and its population structure in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, the following softwares have been conducted, namely theBioEdit, Arlequin, Dnasp and Mega5 software. Furthermore, the Kimura 2-parameter was used for the purpose of genetic distance analysis. Through observations of average levels of FST between the regions, it can be summed up that genetic differences do exist among the present populations. On the grounds of the obtained results from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, it can be concluded that there currently are three different populations of Atrobucca nibe residing in the waters of Sistan & Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Fujairah

The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment. © 2021, The Author(s)

Nanoscale aluminum plasmonic waveguide with monolithically integrated germanium detector

Surface plasmon polaritons have rapidly established themselves as a promising concept for molecular sensing, near-field nanoimaging, and transmission lines for emerging integrated ultracompact photonic circuits. In this letter, we demonstrate a highly compact surface plasmon polariton detector based on an axial metal-semiconductor-metal nanowire heterostructure device. Here, an in-coupled surface plasmon polariton propagates along an aluminum nanowire waveguide joined to a high index germanium segment, which effectively acts as a photoconductor at low bias. Based on this system, we experimentally verify surface plasmon propagation along monocrystalline Al nanowires as thin as 40 nm in diameters. Furthermore, the monolithic integration of plasmon generation, guiding, and detection enables us to examine the bending losses of kinked waveguides. These systematic investigations of ultrathin monocrystalline Al nanowires represent a general platform for the evaluation of nanoscale metal based waveguides for transmission lines of next generation high-speed ultracompact on-chip photonic circuits

Determining of DNA-barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA (CO1) using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing)

Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal Conservation-especially for endangered species. It was proved that a small fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene as a reliable, quick and costeffective identification system for most Crustacea like shrimp. Take a look in DNA barcoding website show that there is a little data about Iranian shrimps which live in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this Study six species of shrimp: Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from different stations in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. All materials were preserved in 70% ethanol and were shipped to the laboratory for taxonomic studies. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. The results were amazing and the interesting part was that analytical methods for showing species relationship suggested that Fenoro penaeus penicillatus is closer to Marsupenaeus gnus than penaeus gnus. This finding needs more investigation to be proved. We suggest a workflow for DNA barcoding, including database generation and management, which will ultimately be necessary if we are to succeed to join universal DNA barcode for Crustacea

Biallelic loss of LDB3 leads to a lethal pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy

Autosomal dominant variants in LDB3 (also known as ZASP), encoding the PDZ-LIM domain-binding factor, have been linked to a late onset phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy in humans. However, despite knockout mice displaying a much more severe phenotype with premature death, bi-allelic variants in LDB3 have not yet been reported. Here we identify biallelic loss-of-function variants in five unrelated cardiomyopathy families by next-generation sequencing. In the first family, we identified compound heterozygous LOF variants in LDB3 in a fetus with bilateral talipes and mild left cardiac ventricular enlargement. Ultra-structural examination revealed highly irregular Z-disc formation, and RNA analysis demonstrated little/no expression of LDB3 protein with a functional C-terminal LIM domain in muscle tissue from the affected fetus. In a second family, a homozygous LDB3 nonsense variant was identified in a young girl with severe early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction; the same homozygous nonsense variant was identified in a third unrelated female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy. We further identified homozygous LDB3 frameshift variants in two unrelated probands diagnosed with cardiomegaly and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings demonstrate that recessive LDB3 variants can lead to an early-onset severe human phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myopathy, reminiscent of the knockout mouse phenotype, and supporting a loss of function mechanism

Population genetic molecular study of Penaeus semisulcatus from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by using of Cytochrome oxidized COI and RFLP method

Goals: Determine of barcode of DNA in green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus, in the Gen bank of the species. Material and methods: In these study 30 specimens of Penaeus semisulcatus from each region in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman were sampled and preserved in ethanol 96%. The total DNA was extracted, COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. Result and discussion: Molecular analysis revealed some degree of interpopulation differences within two areas. Also for population study molecular data of species Penaeus semisulcatus were analysed base on COI RFLP and 16SrRNA sequences respectively. The results indicated that COI gen is a good marker for shrimp species differentiation that would be helpful to protect shrimp species

Review of management and monitoring of two crop shrimp production of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus in intensive culture system in Guatr Shrimp Farm, Sistan & Baloochestan Province

In line with the implementation of two Crop shrimp culture in year in Gwater shrimp Farming Site credits UNDP aims to increase production of crops per year, reducing the days of culture in the second crop using the nursery pond, control feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production management, Farming of Indian white Shrimp P.indicus in 4 private farm was done in 2008. Surveillance and monitoring of these farms, the possible obstacles to the harmful effects of management strengths and weaknesses and develop in the future was done in corporation of Offshore Fisheries Research Center of Chabahar and fisheries of Sistan and Balouchestan. First crop was successful, but the shrimp of Nursery pond and second crop due to the occurrence of white spot disease (WSSV) disease and casualties were died and did not actually do the work. The average minimum and maximum feed conversion in Culture period 1.46 and 1.96 respectively, in C2 _31 and C2 _ 14 farms were observed. Maximum production was 41,376 kg in farm C2 _31. The rainfall on 14 August severe flooding and water supplying cussed suddenly fall down of Inland channel water salinity at day 16-20 the August to 4-5 PPT and the PH go up to 8.8-9. After 2 days the white spot disease in South of site was confirmed and was transferred immediately to the north of site. (The pilots farm) The important thing was that the farm under two crop system as a last resort so that all First crop harvest but shrimp in Nursery pond were infected and with veterinary supervision of all infected ponds were then killed. The results showed that shrimp farming can be done in two periods in year with a predetermined .In this study the only factor that could have adverse effects on the project was Feed supply problems during the growing period and the consequences that it caused low average body weight and final harvested Shrimp resulted to delay in daily growth