Inspection of a novel penetration enhancer for transungual drug delivery system: Pelargonium hortorum

This study was to search some natural penetration enhancer and formulate them in  a transungual drug delivery formulation. This natural penetration enhancer helps to overcome the main problem in front of success of transungual drug delivery system. We selected to formulate fluconazole as a model drug  for the nail fungal infection treatment with extracted penetration enhancer (PE). Model drug i.e. fluconazole was formulated with the natural extracted penetration enhancer with different deigned formula. The solvent for PE extraction was methanol and that extracts were air dried. The cadaver human nail plates were used for penetration study, were collected from the same volunteer for negligence in the thickness and chemical composition concentration in the nail plate. The extracted PE (pelargonium hortorum) was selected for formulation on the basis of ethanopharmaceutical history. The human cadaver nail plates were treated with the formulation with and without the extracted PEs. Ex - vivo drug penetration was evaluated by Franz diffusion cells using cadaver human nail plate upto 36 hours. The drug filmability was found to be best with the polymer like HPMC K4M, Ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyle cellulose in the ratio of 1:1:1, mixture of propanol and butanol in 7:3 as solvent and 30% w/w DBP as plasticizer. The formula FT25AP4 shows total 35.67% drug penetraion i.e. near about two times of drug penetration across the nail plate when compare to the same formulation but without any penetration enhancer. The “p” value (0.0011) of drug penetration was less than 0.05.&nbsp

Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Markets: An Investigation and Way Forward

This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock markets in different regions of the world. Impact of COVID-19 on the stock market is like a black swan event. To analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the stock market, study includes different indices, ratios, strategies and past events to compare. Study is focused on the stock market of countries such as the United States and India to see effects on developed and developing countries. The trends were found similar worldwide. The United States, which has been a bull market for a long time, is also experiencing a plummeting stock market. In the Dow Jones Index’s first quarter history, this year’s first quarter has marked the worst performance ever. In the year 2020, Indian stock market from 1st January to 23rd March SENSEX has plunged 37.1% and from 1st January to 18th May SENSEX has plunged 27.2%. The study tries to touch upon the past crises and its impact on various stock markets.Sentiments of an investor play a major role in the stock market. A good strategy if used in this type of stock market can help generate profits and remain stable in the volatile situation as well

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction between o-Toluidine Nitrate & Red Fuming Nitric Acid

291-29

Study on the effect of high energy ball milling (a nano material process) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a (Al-Si-Fe-Cu) alloy

Mechanical alloying is a solid-state powder processing technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. Mechanical Alloying has now been shown to be capable of synthesizing a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium alloy phases starting from blended elemental or prealloyed powders.Materials have been found to attain unusual properties in their nano level sizes which are not found in their conventional form.Al-Si alloys containing other transition metals are used in the as cast condition for automotive and aerospace for the engine components. Srivastava etal have studied Al-18%Si-5%Fe-1.5%Cu by rapid solidification technique and have compared the microstructure with that in the cast condition. In the present work an attempt was made to develop this alloy through mechanical alloying route

Comparative and temporal transcriptome analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Peste des petits ruminanats virus (PPRV), a morbillivirus causes an acute, highly contagious disease – peste des petits ruminants (PPR), affecting goats and sheep. Sungri/96 vaccine strain is widely used for mass vaccination programs in India against PPR and is considered the most potent vaccine providing long-term immunity. However, occurrence of outbreaks due to emerging PPR viruses may be a challenge. In this study, the temporal dynamics of immune response in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with Sungri/96 vaccine virus was investigated by transcriptome analysis. Infected goat PBMCs at 48 h and 120 h post infection revealed 2540 and 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, on comparison with respective controls. Comparison of the infected samples revealed 1416 DEGs to be altered across time points. Functional analysis of DEGs reflected enrichment of TLR signaling pathways, innate immune response, inflammatory response, positive regulation of signal transduction and cytokine production. The upregulation of innate immune genes during early phase (between 2-5 days) viz. interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), tripartite motifs (TRIM) and several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in infected PBMCs and interactome analysis indicated induction of broad-spectrum anti-viral state. Several Transcription factors – IRF3, FOXO3 and SP1 that govern immune regulatory pathways were identified to co-regulate the DEGs. The results from this study, highlighted the involvement of both innate and adaptive immune systems with the enrichment of complement cascade observed at 120 h p.i., suggestive of a link between innate and adaptive immune response. Based on the transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR validation, an in vitro mechanism for the induction of ISGs by IRFs in an interferon independent manner to trigger a robust immune response was predicted in PPRV infection

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Kinetic Studies on o-Toluidine Nitrate/Nitrogen Peroxide System

317-32

Evolution Of \alpha-Cr2O3Cr_2O_3 From Hydrous Chromium Oxides: Magnetic Susceptibility And Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies

The evolution of \alpha-$Cr_2O_3$ from hydrous chromium oxides heated in a hydrogen atmosphere has been examined by magnetic susceptibility and extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies for the first time. Infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric studies were also used for characterization. The results show the absence of any CrO(OH) phase as an intermediate in the evolution of $Cr_2O_3$

Perfusion Computed Tomography May Help in Discriminating Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are close mimics. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfusion computed tomography (CT) in differentiating GITB from CD. Consecutive patients with ileocaecal thickening underwent perfusion CT of the ileocaecal region between January 2019 and July 2020. Two radiologists (blinded to the final diagnosis) independently assessed blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability at perfusion CT. These parameters were compared among the patients with GITB as well as active and inactive CD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized for determining the diagnostic performance of perfusion CT. Interclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to compare the observations of the two radiologists. During the study period, 34 patients underwent perfusion CT. Eight patients had diagnoses other than intestinal tuberculosis or CD. Thus, 26 patients (mean age 36 ± 14 years, 18 males) with GITB (n = 11), active CD (n = 6), and inactive CD (n = 9) were evaluated. BF, MTT, and permeability showed significant differences among the groups, while BV did not differ significantly among the groups. BF and permeability had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while MTT had 61.5–100% sensitivity and 70–100% specificity for differentiating GITB from active CD and active from inactive CD. The interclass correlation coefficient for perfusion CT parameters was 0.88–1. Perfusion CT is a novel imaging technique that can improve the diagnostic performance of differentiating tuberculosis from CD