Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

More than smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Probabilistic surrogates for floating wind-turbine load emulation

Wind EnergyAerodynamic

Experimental and numerical investigation on the role of interface for crack-width control of hybrid SHCC concrete beams

Hybrid application of conventional concrete and Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (SHCC) is recently shown to be promising for crack width control. In this paper, a combined experimental and numerical study is performed to validate the concept and to study the effect of interface treatment on crack width control. The interface is varied between smooth, profiled, partially debonded and completely debonded surfaces. The beams are tested under a four-point bending configuration. The crack development is monitored using digital image correlation throughout the loading, and maximum crack width of 0.3 mm at the surface is taken as the limiting criterion for analyses. The hybrid and control beams are simulated using the lattice model. Both experimentally and numerically, it is observed that stronger interfaces enable the composite action in the hybrid beams and provide better crack width control compared to the artificially weakened interfaces.Concrete StructuresMaterials and Environmen

Probabilistic surrogate modeling of offshore wind-turbine loads with chained Gaussian processes

Heteroscedastic Gaussian process regression, based on the concept of chained Gaussian processes, is used to build surrogates to predict site-specific loads on an offshore wind turbine. Stochasticity in the inflow turbulence and irregular waves results in load responses that are best represented as random variables rather than deterministic values. Moreover, the effect of these stochastic sources on the loads depends strongly on the mean environmental conditions - for instance, at low mean wind speeds, inflow turbulence produces much less variability in loads than at high wind speeds. Statistically, this is known as heteroscedasticity. Deterministic and most stochastic surrogates do not account for the heteroscedastic noise, giving an incomplete and potentially misleading picture of the structural response. In this paper, we draw on the recent advancements in statistical inference to train a heteroscedastic surrogate model on a noisy database to predict the conditional pdf of the response. The model is informed via 10-minute load statistics of the IEA-10MW-RWT subject to both aero- and hydrodynamic loads, simulated with OpenFAST. Its performance is assessed against the standard Gaussian process regression. The predicted mean is similar in both models, but the heteroscedastic surrogate approximates the large-scale variance of the responses significantly better.Wind EnergyAerodynamic

Multi-mode ultra-strong coupling in circuit quantum electrodynamics

With the introduction of superconducting circuits into the field of quantum optics, many experimental demonstrations of the quantum physics of an artificial atom coupled to a single-mode light field have been realized. Engineering such quantum systems offers the opportunity to explore extreme regimes of light-matter interaction that are inaccessible with natural systems. For instance the coupling strength g can be increased until it is comparable with the atomic or mode frequency ωa,m and the atom can be coupled to multiple modes which has always challenged our understanding of light-matter interaction. Here, we experimentally realize a transmon qubit in the ultra-strong coupling regime, reaching coupling ratios of g/ωm = 0.19 and we measure multi-mode interactions through a hybridization of the qubit up to the fifth mode of the resonator. This is enabled by a qubit with 88% of its capacitance formed by a vacuum-gap capacitance with the center conductor of a coplanar waveguide resonator. In addition to potential applications in quantum information technologies due to its small size, this architecture offers the potential to further explore the regime of multi-mode ultra-strong coupling.QN/Steele LabQCD/DiCarlo LabQuTec

Optimal source-sink matching and prospective hub-cluster configurations for CO2 capture and storage in India

At COP-26, India announced strong climate commitments of reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. Meeting this target would likely require substantial deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) to decarbonize existing large point sources of CO2. This study attempts to evaluate opportunities for deployment of CCS in India in the forthcoming decades. A GIS based approach was adopted for mapping existing sources of CO2 with the sinks. The results show that regionally-appropriate ways of moving towards CCS at scale exist in both the power and industrial sectors. Coupled analysis of these sectors with sinks shows that 8 clusters may be developed throughout the country to sequester 403 Mt-CO2 annually. These clusters are concentrated near Category-I oil basins and the Category-I coalfields (Damodar valley), which may also create suitable financial incentives by incremental oil and coalbed methane recovery respectively. Furthermore, a first-order costing analysis evaluates that the cost of avoidance across basins may range from $31 to$107/t-CO2, depending on the type of storage reservoir and the proximity to large point sources. A total of 12 suitable hubs and clusters were created based on annual emissions above 1 Mt of each large point source and their proximity with geological sinks.Accepted Author ManuscriptApplied Geophysics and Petrophysic

Approaching ultrastrong coupling in transmon circuit QED using a high-impedance resonator

In this experiment, we couple a superconducting transmon qubit to a high-impedance 645Ω microwave resonator. Doing so leads to a large qubit-resonator coupling rate g, measured through a large vacuum Rabi splitting of 2g≃910 MHz. The coupling is a significant fraction of the qubit and resonator oscillation frequencies ω, placing our system close to the ultrastrong coupling regime (g=g/ω=0.071 on resonance). Combining this setup with a vacuum-gap transmon architecture shows the potential of reaching deep into the ultrastrong coupling g∼0.45 with transmon qubits.QN/Steele La

Achieving a quantum smart workforce

Interest in building dedicated quantum information science and engineering (QISE) education programs has greatly expanded in recent years. These programs are inherently convergent, complex, often resource intensive and likely require collaboration with a broad variety of stakeholders. In order to address this combination of challenges, we have captured ideas from many members in the community. This manuscript not only addresses policy makers and funding agencies (both public and private and from the regional to the international level) but also contains needs identified by industry leaders and discusses the difficulties inherent in creating an inclusive QISE curriculum. We report on the status of eighteen post-secondary education programs in QISE and provide guidance for building new programs. Lastly, we encourage the development of a comprehensive strategic plan for quantum education and workforce development as a means to make the most of the ongoing substantial investments being made in QISE.QN/Thijssen Grou

Tandem reactions in self-sorted catalytic molecular hydrogels

By equipping mutually incompatible carboxylic acid and proline catalytic groups with different self-assembling motives we have achieved self-sorting of the resulting catalytic gelators, namely SucVal8 and ProValDoc, into different supramolecular fibers, thus preventing the acidic and basic catalytic groups from interfering with each other. The resulting spatial separation of the incompatible catalytic functions is found to be essential to achieve one-pot deacetalization–aldol tandem reactions with up to 85% efficiency and 90% enantioselectivity. On the contrary, when SucVal8 was co-assembled with a structurally similar catalytically active hydrogelator (ProVal8), self-sorting was precluded and no tandem catalysis was observed.ChemE/Advanced Soft MatterBT/Bioprocess Engineerin