Edge-defined contact heater apparatus and method for floating zone crystal growth

An apparatus for growing a monocrystalline body (30) from a polycrystalline feed rod (22) includes a heater (20) that is positioned to heat a short section of the polycrystalline rod (22) to create a molten zone (34). The heater (20) is formed to include a shaper (40) that contacts the polycrystalline rod (22) in the molten zone (34) and has a hole (46) to allow flow in the molten zone (34) between the polycrystalline rod (22) side and the monocrystalline body (30) side of the shaper. The shaper (40) has an edge (42) that defines the boundary of the cross-section of the monocrystalline body (30) that is formed as the molten material solidifies

Thermocapillary Convection in Floating Zones Under Simulated Reduced-Gravity Conditions

Thermocapillary convection in a transparent floating zone is studied. Equations are derived to relate the optical distortions caused by the floating zone to its refractive index and free-surface shape. Computer simulation and flow visualization of thermocapillary convection are conducted

Contactless heater floating zone refining and crystal growth

Floating zone refining or crystal growth is carried out by providing rapid relative rotation of a feed rod and finish rod while providing heat to the junction between the two rods so that significant forced convection occurs in the melt zone between the two rods. The forced convection distributes heat in the melt zone to allow the rods to be melted through with a much shorter melt zone length than possible utilizing conventional floating zone processes. One of the rods can be rotated with respect to the other, or both rods can be counter-rotated, with typical relative rotational speeds of the rods ranging from 200 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 400 RPM or greater. Zone refining or crystal growth is carried out by traversing the melt zone through the feed rod

Thermocapillary convection in floating zones under simulated reduced-gravity conditions

The present study demonstrated that calculated thermocapillary convection in a non-cylindrical floating zone can now be compared with measured one, by considering the lens effect of the floating zone. Flow visualization and computer simulation of thermocapillary convection in a silicone oil zone and a molten zone in an NaNO3 rod were conducted. The calculated results agree very well with the measured ones, including the free surface shapes, the solid/melt interface shapes and the velocity fields

A Study on Evaluation of Healing Level Using Brainwave Stimulated by Tourist Spot Image

Healing is an emotion that even the person himself is hard to notice. In this paper, healing levels of tourist spots are evaluated using brainwaves stimulated by tourist spot images. Healing level is estimated by a ratio of the sum of spectral elements in α waveband to that in β waveband. From an experiment using eight subjects, it is found that tourist spots in white- and gray-colored images are evaluated as being healed since the visual perception of human beings is greatly influenced by color

Macrosegregation in electroslag remelted ingots

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1978.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.Vita.Includes bibliographical references.by Sindo Kou.Ph.D

Thermocapillary Convection in a Low Pr Material Under Simulated Reduced-Gravity Conditions

A liquid bridge of tin was held between two vertical coaxial iron rods 4.5 mm in diameter and 4.6 mm apart. The temperatures at the top and bottom of the liquid bridge were 325 and 240 degrees, respectively. Flow oscillation was detected by a thermocouple in the liquid bridge. The amplitude and frequency of oscillation were around 1.3 degrees C and 5 Hz, respectively

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP MINAT BELI SMARTPHONE OPPO DI SURABAYA

Penggunaan smartphone di Indonesia diprediksi akan terus meningkat, karena harga smartphone yang semakin terjangkau dan penggunaannya yang mudah membuat semakin meningkatnya peminat smartphone di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap minat beli, harga terhadap minat beli dan citra merek terhadap minat beli smartphone Oppo di Surabaya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kausal komparatif. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu konsumen yang telah melakukan pembelian smartphone Oppo di Surabaya. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Adapun teknik analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan alat bantu SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) versi 23.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli smartphone Oppo di Surabaya. Harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli smartphone Oppo di Surabaya. Citra merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli smartphone Oppo di Surabay