Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Saúde bucal no Brasil Oral health in Brazil

Apresenta-se um retrato sobre a saúde bucal no Brasil, com ênfase em informações relativas à situação econômica e epidemiológica, prevenção da cárie dental, recursos humanos, montante de gastos financeiros e estrutura de prestação de serviços. O país mostra quadro típico de uma área em desenvolvimento, com elevada incidência de problemas, crescente oferta de cirurgiões-dentistas e difícil acesso aos serviços ofertados mormente face a barreiras de ordem econômica. Visando expandir cuidados odontológicos e reduzir a incidência dos principais problemas, propõe-se um programa de serviços básicos de âmbito nacional.<br>The oral health situation in Brazil is described, with special emphasis on data relating to the economic and epidemiological situation, caries prevention, human resources, health expenditure and dental care structure. The country presents a picture typical of a developing area, with high disease rates, an increase in the offer of dentists and access to dental care hindered principally by economic barriers. A comprehensive program of basic services in odontology is proposed, with the objective of expanding dental care and reducing the incidence of more prevalent problems