Enhanced molecular analyses by combination of the HOPE-technique and laser microdissection

As part of an investigation aimed at illuminating the possibilities and limits of the HOPE-fixation and paraffin-embedding technique we here describe a novel procedure which was developed in order to combine the benefits of the HOPE-technique with the capabilities of laser microdissection. The presented procedure avoids the need for amplification of template-RNA thus facilitating reliable and reproducible results. The excellent preservation of nucleic acids, proteins, and morphology in HOPE-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues enhances the molecular applications available to date with materials acquired by laser microdissection when compared to formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, thus substantially extending the methodological panel in tissue based research

Parental physical activity is associated with objectively measured physical activity in young children in a sex-specific manner:The GECKO Drenthe cohort

Background: Physical activity (PA) is important in combating childhood obesity. Parents, and thus parental PA, could influence PA in young children. We examined whether the time spent at different intensities of PA and the type of parental PA are associated with the PA of children aged 4-7 years, and whether the associations between child-parent pairs were sex-specific. Methods: All the participants were recruited from the Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity (GECKO) birth cohort (babies born between 1 April 2006 and 1 April 2007 in Drenthe province, the Netherlands) and were aged 4-7 years during measurement. PA in children was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X (worn at least 3 days, ≥10 h per day). PA in parents was assessed using the validated SQUASH questionnaire. Results: Of the N = 1146 children with valid ActiGraph data and 838 mothers and 814 fathers with valid questionnaire data, 623 child-parent pairs with complete data were analysed. More leisure time PA in mothers was associated with more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in children (Spearman r = 0.079, P <.05). Maternal PA was significantly related to PA in girls, but not boys. More time spent in maternal vigorous PA, in sports activity, and leisure time PA, were all related to higher MVPA in girls (Spearman r = 0.159, r = 0.133 and r = 0.127 respectively, Pall <.05). In fathers, PA levels were predominantly related to PA in sons. High MVPA in fathers was also related to high MVPA in sons (r = 0.132, P < 0.5). Spending more time in light PA was related to more sedentary time and less time in MVPA in sons. Conclusions: Higher PA in mothers, for instance in leisure activities, is related to higher PA in daughters, and more active fathers are related to more active sons. To support PA in young children, interventions could focus on the PA of the parent of the same sex as the child. Special attention may be needed for families where the parents have sedentary jobs, as children from these families seem to adopt more sedentary behaviour

Ukrainian refugees in Germany: Escape, arrival and everyday life

Die gemeinsame Kurzstudie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin stellt die ersten zentralen Befunde aus der gemeinsamen Studie "Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland" vor. Im Fokus der bundesweiten Studie stehen die Lebensumstände und die damit verbundenen zentralen Unterstützungsbedarfe der ukrainischen Geflüchteten in Deutschland.The short study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF-FZ) and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) presents the first key findings from the joint study "Refugees from Ukraine in Germany". The focus of the nationwide study is on the living conditions and the associated central support needs of Ukrainian refugees in Germany

Fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca relacionados a adesão ao tratamento: estudo multicêntrico-EMBRACE

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca entre pacientes aderentes e não aderentes ao tratamento.Métodos: Estudo transversal de uma coorte multicêntrica. Pacientes acima de 18 anos com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (classe funcional III/IV) foram elegíveis. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado avaliando os motivos da descompensação. O uso irregular de medicação prévio à internação, controle inadequado de sal e líquidos foram considerados como grupo de má adesão ao tratamento.Resultados: Foram incluídos 556 pacientes, com idade média de 61±14 anos, 362(65%) homens. O principal fator de descompensação foi a má adesão, representando 55% da amostra. Os pacientes que referiram o uso irregular das medicações na última semana apresentaram 22% mais risco de internação por má adesão quando comparados aos pacientes aderentes.Conclusão: O estudo EMBRACE demonstrou que em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a má adesão mostrou-se como o principal fator de exacerbação.Palavras-chave: Insuficiência cardíaca. Estudo multicêntrico. Fatores desencadeantes

Factores desencadenantes de descompensación de la insuficiencia cardiaca relacionados con la adhesión al tratamiento : estudio multicéntrico-EMBRACE

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores precipitantes de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca entre pacientes aderentes e não aderentes ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal de uma coorte multicêntrica. Pacientes acima de 18 anos com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (classe funcional III/IV) foram elegíveis. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado avaliando os motivos da descompensação. O uso irregular de medicação prévio à internação, controle inadequado de sal e líquidos foram considerados como grupo de má adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 556 pacientes, com idade média de 61±14 anos, 362(65%) homens. O principal fator de descompen- sação foi a má adesão, representando 55% da amostra. Os pacientes que referiram o uso irregular das medicações na última semana apresentaram 22% mais risco de internação por má adesão quando comparados aos pacientes aderentes. Conclusão: O estudo EMBRACE demonstrou que em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a má adesão mostrou-se como o principal fator de exacerbação.Objective: To describe the precipitating factors of heart failure decompensation between adherent and non-adherent patients to treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort study. Patients over 18 years of age with decompensated heart failure (functional class III/IV) were eligible. The structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and evaluate the reasons for decompensation. The irregular use of medication prior to hospitalization and inadequate salt and fluid intake were considered as poor adherence to treatment. Results: A total of 556 patients were included, mean age 61 ± 14 years old, 362 (65%) male. The main factor of decompensation was poor adherence, representing 55% of the sample. Patients who reported irregular use of medications in the last week had a 22% greater risk of being hospitalized due to poor adherence than the patients who adhered to treatment. Conclusion: The EMBRACE study showed that in patients with heart failure, poor adherence was the main factor of exacerbation.Objetivo: Describir los factores desencadenantes de descompensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca entre pacientes adherentes y no adherentes al tratamiento. Métodos: Estudio transversal de cohorte multicéntrica. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada (clase funcional III / IV) fueron elegibles. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado que evalua los motivos de la descompensación. El uso irregular de medicación previa a la internación y control inadecuado de sal y líquidos fueron conside- rados como grupo de mala adherencia al tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 556 pacientes, con una edad media de 61 ± 14 años, 362 (65%) eran hombres. El principal factor de descom- pensación fue la mala adherencia, representando el 55% de la muestra. Los pacientes que indicaron el uso irregular de las medicaciones en la última semana presentaron un 22% más de riesgo de internación por mala adherencia en comparación con los pacientes adherentes. Conclusión: El estudio EMBRACE demostró que en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, la mala adherencia se mostró como el prin- cipal factor de exacerbación

SETDB1 Is Involved in Postembryonic DNA Methylation and Gene Silencing in Drosophila

DNA methylation is fundamental for the stability and activity of genomes. Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrates establish a global DNA methylation pattern of their genome during early embryogenesis. Large-scale analyses of DNA methylation patterns have uncovered revealed that DNA methylation patterns are dynamic rather than static and change in a gene-specific fashion during development and in diseased cells. However, the factors and mechanisms involved in dynamic, postembryonic DNA methylation remain unclear. Methylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 (H3-K9) by members of the Su(var)3–9 family of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) triggers embryonic DNA methylation in Arthropods and Chordates. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila SETDB1 (dSETDB1) can mediate DNA methylation and silencing of genes and retrotransposons. We found that dSETDB1 tri-methylates H3-K9 and binds methylated CpA motifs. Tri-methylation of H3-K9 by dSETDB1 mediates recruitment of DNA methyltransferase 2 (Dnmt2) and Su(var)205, the Drosophila ortholog of mammalian “Heterochromatin Protein 1”, to target genes for dSETDB1. By enlisting Dnmt2 and Su(var)205, dSETDB1 triggers DNA methylation and silencing of genes and retrotransposons in Drosophila cells. DSETDB1 is involved in postembryonic DNA methylation and silencing of Rt1b{} retrotransposons and the tumor suppressor gene retinoblastoma family protein 1 (Rb) in imaginal discs. Collectively, our findings implicate dSETDB1 in postembryonic DNA methylation, provide a model for silencing of the tumor suppressor Rb, and uncover a role for cell type-specific DNA methylation in Drosophila development

Neonatal Astrocyte Damage Is Sufficient to Trigger Progressive Striatal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Glutaric Acidemia-I

BACKGROUND: We have investigated whether an acute metabolic damage to astrocytes during the neonatal period may critically disrupt subsequent brain development, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Astrocytes are vulnerable to glutaric acid (GA), a dicarboxylic acid that accumulates in millimolar concentrations in Glutaric Acidemia I (GA-I), an inherited neurometabolic childhood disease characterized by degeneration of striatal neurons. While GA induces astrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and subsequent increased proliferation, it is presently unknown whether such astrocytic dysfunction is sufficient to trigger striatal neuronal loss. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A single intracerebroventricular dose of GA was administered to rat pups at postnatal day 0 (P0) to induce an acute, transient rise of GA levels in the central nervous system (CNS). GA administration potently elicited proliferation of astrocytes expressing S100β followed by GFAP astrocytosis and nitrotyrosine staining lasting until P45. Remarkably, GA did not induce acute neuronal loss assessed by FluoroJade C and NeuN cell count. Instead, neuronal death appeared several days after GA treatment and progressively increased until P45, suggesting a delayed onset of striatal degeneration. The axonal bundles perforating the striatum were disorganized following GA administration. In cell cultures, GA did not affect survival of either striatal astrocytes or neurons, even at high concentrations. However, astrocytes activated by a short exposure to GA caused neuronal death through the production of soluble factors. Iron porphyrin antioxidants prevented GA-induced astrocyte proliferation and striatal degeneration in vivo, as well as astrocyte-mediated neuronal loss in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, these results indicate that a transient metabolic insult with GA induces long lasting phenotypic changes in astrocytes that cause them to promote striatal neuronal death. Pharmacological protection of astrocytes with antioxidants during encephalopatic crisis may prevent astrocyte dysfunction and the ineluctable progression of disease in children with GA-I

Ukrainian refugees in Germany: Escape, arrival and everyday life

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has triggered the largest movement of refugees in Europe since World War II. More than one million people have fled from Ukraine to Germany since the start of the war. The study “Ukrainian Refugees in Germany (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey)” provides the first representative insights into the living situation of these refugees and their plans for the future. It is being conducted jointly by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF-FZ), and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin). To collect data for the study, 11,225 Ukrainian refugees were surveyed between August and October 2022