Control prenatal apropiado: la mejor manera de prevenir la pre-eclampsia en los países andinos

The main cause of maternal mortality in Colombia is preeclampsia; even though it is a major public health problem its etiology and physiopathology remain unknown. However it is believed that endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of this disease. Many clinical trials have been carried out to demonstrate the effect of certain interventions to prevent preeclampsia and improve pregnancy outcomes. Our hypothesis is that the reduction of preeclampsia risk could be achieved through an appropriate health system that would provide an opportune and effective prenatal care to pregnant women allowing early diagnosis and treatment of frequent nutritional and health related problems. La primera causa de mortalidad materna en Colombia es la pre-eclampsia; pero aunque es un problema de salud pública su etiología y fisiopatología no se han esclarecido completamente. Sin embargo, se cree que la disfunción endotelial juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Se han llevado a cabo múltiples ensayos clínicos para demostrar el efecto de ciertas intervenciones a fin de prevenir la pre-eclampsia y mejorar los resultados de estos embarazos. Nuestra hipótesis consiste en que la reducción del riesgo de desarrollar pre-eclampsia se puede obtener mediante un sistema de salud apropiado que brinde a la madre un control prenatal efectivo y oportuno y permita el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de sus problemas de salud y nutricionales

ÁNALISIS DE IMAGEN DIGITAL DE LA REGIÓN VISIBLE MEDIANTE SIMULACIÓN DE PINTURAS DE ARTE RUPESTRE

[EN] Non-destructive rock art recording techniques are getting special attention in the last years, opening new research lines in order to improve the level of documentation and understanding of our rich legacy. This paper applies the principal component analysis (PCA) technique in images that include wavelengths between 400-700 nm (visible range). Our approach is focused on determining the difference provided by the image processing of the visible region through four spectral images versus an image that encompasses the entire visible spectrum. The images were taken by means of optical filters that take specific wavelengths and exclude parts of the spectrum. Simulation of rock art is prepared in laboratory. For this purpose, three different pigments were made simulating the material composition of rock art paintings. The advantages of studying the visible spectrum in separate images are analysed. In addition, PCA is applied to each of the images to reduce redundant data. Finally, PCA is applied to the image that contains the entire visible spectrum and is compared with previous results. Through the results of the four visible spectral images one can begin to draw conclusions about constituent painting materials without using decorrelation techniques.[ES] Las técnicas documentación no destructivas de arte rupestre están recibiendo especial atención en los últimos años, abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación para la mejora del nivel de documentación y comprensión de nuestro patrimonio. Este artículo aplica la técnica de análisis de componentes principales (ACP) en imágenes de longitudes de onda entre 400-700 nm (rango visible). Nuestro enfoque se centra en determinar las diferencias proporcionadas por el procesamiento de imágenes de la región del visible a través de cuatro imágenes espectrales y una imagen que abarca el espectro visible completo. Las imágenes se tomaron con filtros ópticos que recogen longitudes de onda determinadas y excluyen parte del espectro.Se preparó una simulación de pigmentos de arte ruprestre en laboratorio. Para ello se hicieron tres tipos de pigmentos diferentes simulando la composición del material de las pinturas rupestres. Se analizaron las ventajas de estudiar el espectro visible en imágenes separadas. Además, se aplicó ACP a cada una de las imágenes para reducir la información redundante. Finalmente, se realizó ACP a la imagen que abarca todo el espectro visible y se comparó con los resultados anteriores. A través de los resultados de las cuatro imágenes espectrales del visible se pueden sacar conclusiones sobre los materiales que constituyen la pintura sin aplicar técnicas de decorrelación.Carrión-Ruiz, B.; Blanco-Pons, S.; Lerma García, JL. (2016). DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS OF THE VISIBLE REGION THROUGH SIMULATION OF ROCK ART PAINTINGS. En 8th International congress on archaeology, computer graphics, cultural heritage and innovation. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 169-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3560OCS16917

Líneas directrices para la adaptación del PGC de las empresas de la Junta de Andalucía

La aprobación del nuevo PGC ha traído consigo la necesidad de redactar nuevas adaptaciones para sectores específicos. Este es el caso de la normativa contable aplicable a las empresas públicas de la Junta de Andalucía. Este trabajo estudia las peculiaridades de la adaptación existente y la realidad de las empresas a las que se dirige para proponer las líneas básicas sobre las que fundamentar la nueva adaptación. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio pormenorizado de las normas y pronunciamientos de referencia existentes hasta la fecha y un análisis de las Cuentas Anuales de las principales empresas implicadas. El resultado se concreta en el establecimiento de las líneas principales sobre las que basar la propuesta de adaptación.The passing of the law regulating the new PGC (Spanish GAAP) has brought about the need to design adaptations of the norm for specific sectors. This is the case with public sector companies and agencies under the control of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía) and their applicable accounting principles. This study focusses on the specifcs of the adaptation currently in use by those companies, as well as on the relevant and necessary factors in the design of a new adaptation to the newly passed PGC. Methodological strategies include a detailed study of the regulations and norms, relevant statements of reference, and Annual Accounts of the companies involved. A specific proposal for adaptation materializes out of the conclusions and results of this stud

Adaptación transcultural y validación de la Rúbrica de Juicio Clínico de Lasater (RJCL ) en la docencia de Grado de Enfermería en el contexto educativo español.

Introducción: Tanner lo describe el juicio clínico como la interpretación acerca de las necesidades del paciente, a fin de tomar decisiones. Experiencia, habilidades y conocimiento son esenciales para emitir juicios clínicos adecuados. Objetivos: Desarrollar la adaptación transcultural y validación de Rúbrica de Juicio Clínico de Lasater (RJCL) en la docencia de Grado de Enfermería y su implementación en el contexto educativo español. 1. Obtener una versión adaptada culturalmente al contexto educativo 2. Analizar la fiabilidad y validez de constructo en nuestro contexto. 3. Analizar posibles diferencias en las dimensiones medidas por RJCL en función distintos escenarios de simulación y de características de los estudiantes Metodología: Estudio prospectivo observacional de validación psicométrica de la RJCL. Participantes estudiantes de 4º de Grado en Enfermería.Proceso de traducción y retrotraducción: Se han seguido las recomendaciones de ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research) y PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System). La recogida de muestra se realizó durante la evaluación de competencias objetivas estructuradas en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Málaga. Resultados: La versión adaptada fue evaluada sobre 76 alumnos/as (N=76), con dos observaciones en escenarios distintos, con evaluadores independientes para cada simulación (Número de observaciones= 152). El 70,9% de los alumnos fueron mujeres, edad media 23,91 (DE: 3,77).La fiabilidad interobservador, coeficiente de correlación intraclase, arrojó un valor de 0,93 (IC 95%: 0,92 a 0,95) (p=0,0001) para la puntuación total. Consistencia interna: El alpha de Cronbach obtenido fue de 0,93. Las correlaciones inter-items fueron de 0,570 de media (rango: 0,312 a 0,849). El índice de homogeneidad de la escala ofreció valores por encima de 0.5.Análisis factorial exploratorio: Mediante extracción del eje principal y rotación oblimin aportó 2 factores que explicaban un 72.86% de la varianza. La matriz de correlaciones entre ambos factores ofreció un r=0.536. Análisis factorial confirmatorio: El ajuste del modelo fue satisfactorio en todos los índices, con un valor 2/gl de 1.08, GFI de 0.96, TLI 0.99, NFI 0.97 y un RMSEA de 0.24 IC90%(0.000 a 0.066). Conclusiones: 1. Se ha obtenido una versión adaptada culturalmente al contexto educativo español de la RJCL. 2. No se detectan diferencias en los escenarios de simulación y características de los estudiantes. 3. La RJCL traducida al español es un instrumento válido y fiable para la medición del juicio clínico de estudiantes de grado de enfermería. 4. En adelante sería recomendable realizar estudios prospectivos que permitan evaluar la sensibilidad al cambio, la trasferencia y el coste-beneficio de distintos diseños de simulación.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Este proyecto fue financiado por la Convocatoria 2015-2017 de Proyectos de Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Málaga (PIE 144-2015

La formación del profesor en Cuba y la reafirmación profesional pedagógica / Teachers’ training in Cuba and professional motives strengthening

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de la reafirmación profesional pedagógica en el contexto de los planes de formación de profesores. El objetivo de la investigación es revelar los rasgos e indicadores de la reafirmación profesional para posibilitar su evaluación. A partir de la construcción de un marco teórico referencial, se desarrollaron entrevistas grupales y talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva para alcanzar la sistematización de los referentes teóricos y de las buenas prácticas de los participantes. Los resultados incluyen tanto la aludida sistematización como las dimensiones e indicadores para la evaluación del proceso de reafirmación profesional de los docentes en formación y sus resultados.ABSTRACTThis paper provides a historical analysis of the consolidation of pedagogical professional motives in the context of teachers’ training plans. The objective of the research is to reveal the characteristics and indicators of professional motives consolidation. The study starts by constructing a framework, then, group interviews given and critical opinion and collective construction workshops were held to achieve the systematization of participants’ good practices participants. The findings include both the aforementioned systematization as the dimensions and indicators for evaluating the process of professional motives consolidation of teacher trainees and their results

Decomposition of two types of electric wires considering the effect of the metal in the production of pollutants

Combustion runs at 700 °C in a horizontal laboratory furnace were carried out on two different electric wires (PVC and halogen-free wire). Tests were performed in the presence and in the absence of the metal conductor of the wires. The analyses of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs), chlorophenols (CPhs), mono- to octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like PCBs are shown. Regarding semivolatile compounds, PAHs production decreases in the presence of metal, while a higher amount of chlorinated compounds are emitted. Respect to the PCDD/Fs, the PVC wire in the presence of metal presents the highest emission, with a much more emission of furans than dioxins. The maximum emission is with 2 or 3 chlorine atom PCDD/Fs. PCBs emission correlates with PCDD/F production and represents 3–4% of total toxicity, determined by using WHO2005 factors.Support for this work was provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) with Projects PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER, and by the Spanish MCT CTQ2008-05520

Pollutant Formation During the Thermal Decomposition of Electrical and Electronic Wastes

Paper submitted to the 7th International Symposium on Feedstock Recycling of Polymeric Materials (7th ISFR 2013), New Delhi, India, 23-26 October 2013.In this contribution we present the results of the research done at the University of Alicante in the last four years [1-7] about the thermal decomposition of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Several materials have been studied, including PVC and halogen-free wires, printed circuit boards and casing from mobile phones, as well as brominated flame reatardants used in the EEE preparation such as TBBPA (tetra-bromo-bisphenol-A). Several experiments were performed in a nitrogen atmosphere (pyrolysis runs) and also in an oxidative atmosphere with different oxygen concentrations. Thermogravimetric runs were used to characterize samples, and a horizontal laboratory reactor was used to study the formation and destruction of pollutants during the thermal decomposition of these samples. More than 150 compounds, including carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorophenols (ClPhs), chlorobenzenes (ClBzs) and bromophenols (BrPhs) have been identified and quantified. Furthermore, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybromodibenzo-p-dioxin and polybromodibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and dioxin-like PCBs produced were analyzed.Generalitat Valenciana: PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia: CTQ2008-05520

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis causing mixed infections in febrile children in Mozambique

Background and purpose: Invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis, mostly caused by serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis of Salmonella enterica, has emerged as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was the clinical and microbiological characterization of nontyphoidal salmonellosis episodes affecting febrile children in Mozambique. Patients and methods: The clinical records of the patients were evaluated, and S. enterica isolates were characterized with regard to serovar, phage type, antimicrobial resistance (phenotype/responsible genes), plasmid content, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. Results: Fifteen S. Typhimurium and 21 S. Enteritidis isolates were recovered from blood samples of 25 children, the majority with underlying risk factors. With regard to phage typing, most isolates were either untypeable or reacted but did not conform, revealing that a number of previously unrecognized patterns are circulating in Mozambique. Most isolates were multidrug-resistant, with nearly all of the responsible genes located on derivatives of serovar-specific virulence plasmids. ST313 and ST11 were the predominant sequence types associated with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively, and the uncommon ST1479 was also detected in S. Enteritidis. A distinct XbaI fragment of ~350 kb was associated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of multidrug-resistant isolates of S. Enteritidis. Nearly half of the children were coinfected with both serovars, a fact expected to aggravate the disease and hamper the treatment. However, particularly poor outcomes were not observed for the coinfected patients. Conclusion: Mixed Salmonella infections could frequently occur in febrile children in Mozambique. Additional studies are required to determine their actual impact and consequences, not only in this country, but also in other African countries

Thermogravimetric study of the decomposition of printed circuit boards from mobile phones

Thermal decomposition of printed circuits boards (PCB) is studied, using thermogravimetric analysis to compare the thermal behavior of PCB of mobile phones before and after the removal of the metallic fraction by acid washing. Several dynamic and dynamic + isothermal runs have been carried out at different heating rates (5, 10 and 20 K min−1), from room temperature to more than 1100 K. Also runs in the presence and in the absence of oxygen were performed (combustion and pyrolysis runs). Moreover, TG–MS experiments were performed (both in inert and oxidizing atmosphere) in order to better understand the thermal decomposition of these wastes and identify some compounds emitted during the controlled heating of these materials. Different reaction models are proposed, one for pyrolysis and one for combustion of the two kinds of wastes studied, which proved to simulate appropriately the experimental results at all the heating rates simultaneously.Support for this work was provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain), research project Prometeo/2009/043/FEDER, and by the Spanish MCT, research project CTQ2008-05520

Thermal Decomposition of Mobile Phones

Paper submitted to the 31st International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Compounds (Dioxin 2011), Brussels, Belgium, 21-25 August 2011.Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes. In 2006 more than one billion mobile phones were shipped worldwide, 22.5 % more than the quantity shipped in 2005. By 2008 the number of mobile phone users around the world was predicted to reach two billion.Support for this work was provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) with projects Prometeo/2009/043/FEDER and ACOMP2011/224, and by the Spanish MCT CTQ2008-05520