NOVOS ARRANJOS INSTITUCIONAIS E A CRISE DO SUBPRIME: OS BRICS

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Economia.A crise financeira do subprime americano iniciada em 2007 globalizou-se afetando toda a economia mundial. A falta de crédito, a queda dos investimentos e a perda da atividade econômica, sentidas inicialmente nos Estados Unidos, comprometeram a economia de todas as nações desenvolvidas e, consequentemente, abalaram a dos demais países. A evolução dessa crise financeira, que pôs em questionamento a hegemonia dos Estados Unidos e da União Europeia como condutores dos avanços políticos e estimuladores do crescimento econômico, abriu os olhos para um consolidado grupo de países emergentes com economias em forte crescimento e grandes mercados internos que, aproando para novos rumos, soube melhor driblar a crise e, assim, sentir menos o impacto das incertezas econômicas e políticas, e cujo desempenho gerou credibilidades como impulsionadores de um novo desenvolvimento. A análise econômica dos países que compõe esse grupo, denominado BRICS, Brasil, Rússia, China e Índia, e, posteriormente, África do Sul, demonstra o quanto eles vêm se destacando no cenário mundial, tanto econômica como politicamente

ESTUDO DA FORMAÇÃO DO FRETE RODOVIÃRIO E POTENCIAL DE CONFLITOS EM NEGOCIAÇÕES EM CADEIAS DO AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO

This work sought to explain the complex nature of the principles behind freight costs, focusing on certain dysfunctions and the limited efficiency of freight rate negotiation in the supply chains of the Brazilian agribusiness. Statistical and econometric techniques were used to identify the systematic behavior of the freight rates of the selected products and, where possible, this procedure was allied to other market evidence. It was possible to identify the influence of many variables on freight rates, such as distance, seasonality of production, the corridors along which the cargo is transported, its specific characteristics and the resulting demands made by customers. The fact that distance behaved as an explanatory variable, and was statistically significant in all of the models, means that mileage should be considered an important variable in the determination of freight rates. However, it is also necessary to consider that the significance of “distance†varies as much according to the detailed characteristics of the cargo as it does according to region. It was concluded that these variables make it possible both to develop negotiation strategies and to minimize conflicts in negotiations, as the costs are identified by the parties concerned.agribusiness logistics, transportation costs, freight rates.,

Language prejudice in an organizational context in Portugal: the effect of brazilian and british accents on perceived work-related, individual and group-related characteristics

O século 21 é uma era de migração e globalização, o que significa que a comunicação com indivíduos que não falam a língua local ou a falam com sotaque, no espaço de trabalho, está a aumentar. O objetivo desta tese é examinar se os Portugueses são preconceituosos, em termos linguísticos, em relação a sotaques estrangeiros. Primeiro foi realizado um pré-teste que confirmou que os Britânicos e os Brasileiros são percecionados como muito diferentes dos Portugueses e entre si próprios, em dimensões de estereótipos (e.g., competência). De seguida foi conduzida uma experiência online com 137 participantes Portugueses. Este estudo incluiu um caso hipotético com um desenho entre sujeitos que examinou o efeito do sotaque de um colega de trabalho (Portuguese vs Britânico vs Brasileiro) em variáveis do contexto de trabalho (in-role behaviours, potencial para promoção e aprovação de escolhas), características individuais percecionadas (competência, warmth e moralidade) e características grupais percecionadas (estatuto e competição) controlando com variáveis relevantes (e.g., qualidade de contacto com estrangeiros). Foram obtidos poucos resultados significativos do efeito do sotaque nas variáveis do contexto de trabalho e características individuais, contudo os resultados mostraram alguns resultados significativos nas características grupais. O grupo do individuo com sotaque brasileiro foi percecionado como tendo menos estatuto do que os grupos dos indivíduos com sotaque português e britânico e percecionado como sendo menos competição do que o grupo do individuo com sotaque britânico, controlando com a variável qualidade de contacto com estrangeiros. Estes resultados são discutidos em contexto de relações intergrupais e preconceito linguístico.The 21st century is an era of globalization and migration, which means that workplace communication with people who do not speak the local language or speak it with an accent is also increasing. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether the Portuguese are languageprejudiced in regard to foreign accents. For this purpose, a pre-test first confirmed that the British and Brazilians are perceived to be very different from the Portuguese, and also very different from each other, along several stereotypical dimensions (e.g., competence). In the next step, an online experiment was conducted with 137 Portuguese participants. This study included a hypothetical scenario with a between-subjects design and examined the effect of a co-worker‟s accent (Portuguese vs British vs Brazilian) on work-related variables (in-role behaviours, potential for promotion and approval of choices), perceived individual characteristics (competence, warmth and morality) and perceived group-related characteristics (status and level of competition) controlling for other relevant variables (e.g., quality of contact with foreigners). The results showed few significant effects of accent on work-related variables or perceived individual characteristics, but they did show some significant results in terms of group-related characteristics. The Brazilian-accented speaker‟s group was perceived to have a lower status than both the Portuguese and British accented speakers‟ groups‟ and was perceived to be less competitive than the British-accented speaker‟s group, while controlling for quality of contact with foreigners in the participants´ daily life. These findings are discussed in the context of intergroup relations and language prejudice

CRISE DE IDENTIDADE DO PODER CONSTITUINTE NO BRASIL: ESTUDO A PARTIR DO PRINCÍPIO CONSTITUCIONAL DE FIDELIDADE PARTIDÁRIA

O presente trabalho assume a crise de identidade do poder constituinte como realidade do contexto político brasileiro no início do século XXI. Nesse cenário, propõe-se uma reflexão que tenha por base os contornos da institucionalidade democrática, em vez de fundamentos teóricos sobre determinados “direitos constitucionais”. Como paradigma, busca-se analisar as circunstâncias da mutação constitucional efetivada pelos Tribunais Superiores no Brasil em matéria de definição estatutária de atos de infidelidade partidária e sua relação com as causas de perda de mandato. A partir do mapeamento desse fenômeno, aponta-se possível alternativa para a superação da confusão entre poder constituinte e poder constituído

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures in contact with soil

Os elementos estruturais, em muitas situações, estão apoiados em outros corpos, tais como o solo, que podem oferecer restrições de movimentos em algumas direções. Por isso, a análise estática e dinâmica desses elementos considerando sua interação com o solo torna-se importante na concepção de um projeto estrutural. Este artigo apresenta a análise dinâmica não linear de sistemas estruturais considerando tal interação através do Método dos Elementos Finitos. Um elemento de viga-coluna geometricamente não linear é usado para modelar a estrutura, enquanto o solo é idealizado como uma fundação contínua, através dos modelos de Winkler e Pasternak. Admite-se que a fundação reage aos esforços de tração e compressão, de modo que durante o processo de deformação os elementos estruturais são sujeitos a restrições de contato bilaterais. O método de integração de Newmark e a estratégia incremental-iterativa de Newton-Raphson são usados no processo de resolução das equações dinâmicas não lineares no domínio do tempo. Durante o estudo foram avaliadas situações práticas envolvendo a interação entre solo e estrutura, destacando a influência do contato nas frequências naturais de vibração e na resposta transiente dessas estruturas.Structural elements, in many situations, are supported by other surfaces, such as soil, which may offer movement constraints in some directions. Therefore, the static and dynamic analysis of these elements considering their interaction with the soil becomes important in the design of a structural design. This paper presents the nonlinear dynamic analysis of structural systems considering such interaction through the Finite Element Method. A geometrically nonlinear beam-column element is used to model the structure, while the soil can be idealized as a continuum foundation, through the Winkler and Pasternak models. It is assumed that the foundation reacts to tension and compression stresses, so during the deformation process the structural elements are subjected to bilateral contact constraints. The analysis is based on the modeling of the structural system using the finite element method, where the Newmark integration method and Newton-Raphson iterative strategy are used in the process of solving the nonlinear dynamic equations in the time domain. Practical situations involving the interaction between soil and structure were evaluated during the study, showing the influence of contact in the natural vibration frequency and transient response of these structures.Peer Reviewe

A communication study of young adults and online dependency during the COVID-19 pandemic

People use digital media and the Internet daily. The time that young people spend connected to digital devices will increase as technology advances, which could have severe health risks and behavioral dependence implications. In the context of the current pandemic, in which socializing, studying, and working is changing, this question has become particularly relevant. Therefore, we propose to investigate the perceptions of young university adults-understood as generation Z-regarding their digital media practices, particularly during the pandemic, and to study the consequences of a permanent connection to these formats on the development of an addiction to the Internet. Our quantitative method approach applied questionnaires to a sample of 407 young university adults studying in Portugal. Through this survey, we could target a specific user group, quantify their consumption, and measure their online experiences. The results point to an increase in dependence on the Internet during confinement. While it is true that carrying out academic work is one of the reasons for this growth, it is noteworthy that the respondents sought the online world in a significan way to pass the time and escape their routine. In addition, they confess to experiencing some consequences of excessive use, such as sleep disturbances and adverse emotional reactions-such as instabilities, depression, and nervousness-when not online. We conclude that the pandemic has intensified online dependence. However, above all that, it is necessary to look at the mental and general health consequences that this excessive use has brought, which may not be visible or manifested by the youth in the short term, and may come to have consequences in the long term.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Security Monitoring in Production Areas

Teses de mestrado, Segurança Informática, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasSince the late 1960s, a different set of technologies has been designed and implemented in parallel to assist in automating industrial and manufacturing processes. These systems, created parallel to IT (Information Technologies), became known as OT (Operational Technologies). Unlike IT technologies, these were developed with a different set of requirements. With a focus on resilience to adverse environmental conditions – such as temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic interference – and a need for high availability and near-real-time performance, these technologies took a back seat to other requirements. Such as information integrity and confidentiality. However, the need to automate processes has developed. Today, it is not only industrial areas – such as heavy manufacturing, oil and gas industries, electrical networks, water distribution processes, or sewage treatment – that need to increase their efficiency. The production areas of a manufacturing company also benefit from these two types of technologies – IT and OT. Furthermore, it is on the shop floor – i.e., in a production area – that the two meet and merge and interconnect the two networks to become a blended system. Often the requirements for the operation of one technology are the weak point of the other. A good example is an increasing need for IT devices to connect to the Internet. On the other hand, OT devices that often have inherent difficulty with authentication and authorization processes are exposed to untrusted networks. In recent years, and aggravated by the socio-political changes in the world, incidents in industrial and production areas have become larger and more frequent. As the impact of incidents in these areas has the potential to be immense, companies and government organizations are increasingly willing to implement measures to defend them. For information security, this is fertile ground for developing new methodologies or experimenting and validating existing ones. This master’s work aims to apply a threat model in the context of a production area, thus obtaining a set of the most relevant threats. With the starting point of these threats, the applicability and value of two security monitoring solutions for production areas will be analyzed. In this dissertation’s first part, and after reviewing state-of-the-art with the result of identifying the most mentioned security measures for industrial and manufacturing areas, a contextualization of what a production area will be performed—followed by an example, based on what was observed in the course of this work. After giving this background, a threat model will be created using a STRIDE methodology for identifying and classifying potential threats and using the DREAD methodology for risk assessment. The presentation of an attack tree will show how the identified threats can be linked to achieving the goal of disrupting a production area. After this, a study will be made on which security measures mentioned initially best mitigate the threats identified. In the final part, the two solutions will be analyzed with the functionalities of detecting connected devices and their vulnerabilities and monitoring and identifying security events using network traffic observed in an actual production area. This observation aims to verify the practical value of these tools in mitigating the threats mentioned above. During this work, a set of lessons learned were identified, which are presented as recommendations in a separate chapter

The impact of dedollarization in the Angolan Banking sector: Banco de Fomento de Angola case study

It is the scope of this project to analyse how the past and current economic conjuncture in Angola, mainly driven and characterized by the Dedollarization process that is undergoing, has been impacting the Angolan Baking Sector, one of the biggest pillars of the Angolan economic activity. Given the known data constraints, this project only focused on the analysis of the Dedollarization impact in one of Angola’s biggest banks: Banco de Fomento de Angola. The statistical approach consisted on two multi-factor regression models to analyse the impact on two different Key Performance Indicators of the bank: Return on Equity and Regulated Solvency Ratio. Although it was complicated to derive statistical significance for the two models, mainly due to a reduced number of observations and the quality of the model, the results converged to what a financial economics analysis led later on the final part of the project. The final remarks regarding the role of Dedollarization in the Banking sector, with a focus on BFA, are extremely eye-opening. Unlike what was thought à priori, the overall impact on BFA’s results is positive, mainly in the back of the high inflation environment that is being felt in Angola, which increases the spread of the assets’ returns in national currency versus in foreign currency on the bank’s balance sheet

Un modelo de integración de herramientas de predicción: estudio aplicado al transporte de carga por carretera

Neste estudo, buscou-se desenvolver um modelo de análise de cenários que integrou ferramentas para apoio à tomada de decisão nos investimentos: Cenários prospectivos (Método Grumbach) e Dinâmica de sistemas (modelagem hard), com a inovação da introdução da análise multivariada pelos peritos. A contribuição do modelo é a maior objetividade e clareza na análise que se dá através de simulação de cenários, com identificação dos eventos e das ações redirecionadoras mais impactantes, num sistema interativo em que novas previsões são possíveis de serem desenvolvidas através dos cenários gerados. O modelo foi validado no setor de transporte rodoviário de cargas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo contribui para a análise de investimentos, pois identifica probabilidades de acontecimentos que interferem na tomada de decisão, bem como identifica prioridades de ações para a redução de incertezas no futuro. Além do mais, permite uma discussão interdisciplinar que correlaciona diferentes áreas do conhecimento, fundamental quando se deseja maior consistência na construção de cenáriosThis study has developed a scenery analysis model which has integrated decision-making tools on investments: prospective scenarios (Grumbach Method) and systems dynamics(hard modeling), with the innovated multivariate analysis of experts.It was designed through analysis and simulation scenarios and showed which are the most striking events in the study object as well as highlighted the actions could redirect the future of the analyzed system. Moreover, predictions are likely to be developed through the generated scenarios. The model has been validated empirically with road freight transport data from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results showed that the model contributes to the analysis of investment because it identifies probabilities of events that impact on decision making, and identifies priorities for action, reducing uncertainties in the future. Moreover, it allows an interdisciplinary discussion that correlates different areas of knowledge, fundamental when you wish more consistency in creating scenariosEn este estudio se busca desarrollar un modelo de análisis en que se integran herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones de inversiones: escenarios prospectivos (método Grumbach) y dinámica de sistemas (hard modelling), mediante la innovación del análisis multivariado realizado por los expertos. El modelo contribuye con una mayor objetividad y precisión en el análisis y permite identificar los eventos y acciones más efectivos, en un sistema interactivo en que nuevas predicciones pueden desarrollarse por medio de la simulación de escenarios. Se ha validado el modelo en el sector de transporte de carga por carretera del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Los resultados demuestran que el modelo contribuye al análisis de inversión, pues identifica probabilidades de eventos que interfieren en la toma de decisiones, así como indica prioridades de acciones para reducir incertidumbres en el futuro. Además, permite un debate interdisciplinario que correlaciona diferentes áreas del conocimiento, lo que es fundamental cuando se desea una mayor coherencia en la creación de escenario