Raça, gênero e processos de subjetivação nas redes sociais: Da abjeção à afirmação das existências marginalizadas nos dispositivos de visibilidade e vigilância

A perspectiva dos estudos interseccionais tem produzido importantes tensionamentos nas ciências humanas, sociais e áreas da saúde ao considerar os atravessamentos das estruturas de opressão. Tais estruturas permeiam os processos de subjetivação, produzindo modos de ser e lugares passíveis de trânsito e de ocupação na sociedade. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho discute os processos de subjetivação forjados nos dispositivos de visibilidade e vigilância a partir de afirmações de (r)existências de pessoas pretas transgênero. Este artigo busca compreender as ressonâncias das práticas sociais contemporâneas nos modos de subjetivação. Para tal, em consonância com a orientação cartográfica, procuramos desenvolver práticas de acompanhamento de processos ao, inicialmente, discutir modos de subjetivação produzidos a partir das narrativas cartografadas, bem como problematizar as transversalidades entre as práticas sociais e os modos de subjetivação. Identificamos cenários emergentes onde são forjadas construções discursivas sobre gênero, sexualidade e corpos trans a partir das especificidades estudadas nos cenários identificados e, por fim, discutir as implicações dessas construções discursivas nos modos de subjetivação. Os tensionamentos afirmados nas redes sociais, como também os lugares reivindicados por pessoas pretas e trans nesses dispositivos de visibilidade, sugerem a abertura de possibilidades para o reconhecimento dessas pessoas como influencers, pessoas de referência, saberes peritos e vozes de verdade capazes de produzir realocamentos dos corpos pela subversão de lugar de abjeção e ocupação de espaços nas redes que findam por reverberar também nas práticas sociais fora delas, a exemplo da crescente ocupação de representatividade política, e, principalmente, nos processos de subjetivação constituídos nas interseccionalidades de gênero, raça e afins.The perspective of intersectional studies has produced important tensions in the human, social and health sciences when considering the crossing of structures of oppression as contemporary social problems. Such structures of oppression cross the processes of subjectivation, producing ways of being and places subject to transit and occupation in society. Gender and race function thus, in colonial-capitalistic society (Rolnik), as social markers linked to stories of violence, exclusion and abjection. In this scenario, this paper discusses the subjectivation processes forged in visibility and surveillance devices based on statements of (r)existence of transgender black people. We realize that the notions of masculinity, through notions of gender that displace the recognition of gender from the body and denaturalize sexuality aimed at reproduction, undergo mutations when we consider the discourses present in the expression of masculinity in bodies. The tensions stated in social networks, as well as the places claimed by black and trans people in these visibility devices, suggest the opening of possibilities for the recognition of these people as influencers, reference people, expert knowledge and true voices capable of producing relocations of bodies by the subversion of the place of abjection and occupation of spaces in networks that end up reverberating also in social practices that take place outside the networks, such as the growing occupation of political representation, and, mainly, in the processes of subjectivation constituted in the intersectionalities of gender, race and others

SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY IN A NORTHEASTERN STATE - BRAZIL

Objective: to identify the spatio-temporal pattern of tuberculosis mortality and its related factors.Method: ecological study, using as unit of analysis the municipalities of the state of Ceará, Brazil, during the period from 2001 to 2017. Tuberculosis mortality was analyzed by temporal and spatial analysis techniques.Results: in the period, 1,513 deaths from tuberculosis were reported. An average annual increase of 15% in mortality was detected (95% Confidence Interval: 6.2 - 24.6). The indicators that most influenced mortality were life expectancy at birth (β=3.38), households with inadequate water supply and sanitation (β=-0.01) and probability of survival to 60 years (β=-2.26).Conclusion: this study evidenced the increase in the temporal pattern of tuberculosis mortality over the years. Care strategies aimed at treatment adherence and public health strategies aimed at improving the environment of the population should therefore be emphasized

Gbs-based Single Dosage Markers For Linkage And Qtl Mapping Allow Gene Mining For Yield-related Traits In Sugarcane

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is predominantly an autopolyploid plant with a variable ploidy level, frequent aneuploidy and a large genome that hampers investigation of its organization. Genetic architecture studies are important for identifying genomic regions associated with traits of interest. However, due to the genetic complexity of sugarcane, the practical applications of genomic tools have been notably delayed in this crop, in contrast to other crops that have already advanced to marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have opened new opportunities for discovering molecular markers, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (indels), at the genome-wide level. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish a pipeline for identifying variants from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data in sugarcane, (ii) construct an integrated genetic map with GBS-based markers plus target region amplification polymorphisms and microsatellites, (iii) detect QTLs related to yield component traits, and (iv) perform annotation of the sequences that originated the associated markers with mapped QTLs to search putative candidate genes. Results: We used four pseudo-references to align the GBS reads. Depending on the reference, from 3,433 to 15,906 high-quality markers were discovered, and half of them segregated as single-dose markers (SDMs) on average. In addition to 7,049 non-redundant SDMs from GBS, 629 gel-based markers were used in a subsequent linkage analysis. Of 7,678 SDMs, 993 were mapped. These markers were distributed throughout 223 linkage groups, which were clustered in 18 homo(eo)logous groups (HGs), with a cumulative map length of 3,682.04 cM and an average marker density of 3.70 cM. We performed QTL mapping of four traits and found seven QTLs. Our results suggest the presence of a stable QTL across locations. Furthermore, QTLs to soluble solid content (BRIX) and fiber content (FIB) traits had markers linked to putative candidate genes. Conclusions: This study is the first to report the use of GBS for large-scale variant discovery and genotyping of a mapping population in sugarcane, providing several insights regarding the use of NGS data in a polyploid, non-model species. The use of GBS generated a large number of markers and still enabled ploidy and allelic dosage estimation. Moreover, we were able to identify seven QTLs, two of which had great potential for validation and future use for molecular breeding in sugarcane.18FINEP (Finaciadora de Estudos e Projetos)FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Sao Paulo) [08/52197-4]INCT-Bioetanol (Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia do Bioetanol) [FAPESP 08/57908-6]INCT-Bioetanol (CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) [574002/2008-1]FAPESP [10/50091-4, 12/25236-4, 10/50549-0, 10/50031-1, 12/11109-0]CNPqCAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

PATRÓN ESPACIO-TEMPORAL Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA MORTALIDAD POR TUBERCULOSIS EN UN ESTADO DEL NORESTE - BRASIL

Objetivo: identificar el patrón espacio-temporal de la mortalidad por tuberculosis y los factores relacionados.Método: Estudio ecológico, utilizando como unidad de análisis los municipios del estado de Ceará, Brasil, durante 2001 a 2017. La mortalidad por tuberculosis se analizó mediante técnicas de análisis temporal y espacial.Resultados: se notificaron 1.513 muertes por tuberculosis en el periodo. Se detectó un aumento medio anual del 15% de la mortalidad (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 6,2 - 24,6). Los indicadores que más influyeron en la mortalidad fueron: la esperanza de vida al nacer (β=3,38), los hogares con suministro de agua y saneamiento inadecuados (β=-0,01) y la probabilidad de sobrevivir hasta los 60 años (β=-2,26).Conclusión: este estudio evidenció el aumento del patrón temporal de la mortalidad por tuberculosis a lo largo de los años. Por lo tanto, se debe hacer hincapié en las estrategias de atención dirigidas a la adherencia al tratamiento y en las estrategias de salud pública dirigidas a mejorar el entorno de la población

ARROZ PRETO (Oryza sativa L.) UMA EXCELENTE FONTE DE ANOTOCIANINAS

O arroz preto, nutricionalmente superior ao arroz branco por possuir teores mais elevados de proteínas e fibras tem sido alvo do interesse gastronômico nacional e internacional devido à presença de pigmentos, sabor e aroma diferenciados.  O pigmento presente no pericarpo do arroz preto pertence à classe das antocianinas, substâncias que têm sido pesquisadas devido as suas contribuições na redução do risco de doenças crônicas. Neste trabalho tais substâncias foram investigadas no pericarpo da cultivar de arroz preto IAC 600, desenvolvida pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) e adaptada às condições climáticas do Brasil. Para isso, foi utilizado Cromatógrafo Líquido de Ultra eficiência (CLUE) acoplado ao Espectrômetro de Massas de Alta Resolução (ESI-Q-TOF-EM). Foram identificadas cinco antocianinas: cianidina-3,5-O-diglicosídeo, cianidina-3-O-diglicosídeo, cianidina-3-O-glicosídeo (majoritária), cianidina-3-O-rutenosídeo e peonidina-3-O-glicosídeo

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone

Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas : an overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas (approximately 40% of cases), and they represent an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility in both sexes. The magnitude of prolactin (PRL) elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. Indeed, PRL levels > 250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of the presence of a prolactinoma. In contrast, most patients with stalk dysfunction, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or systemic diseases present with PRL levels < 100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. On the other hand, among patients with macroprolactinomas (MACs), artificially low PRL levels may result from the so-called “hook effect”. Patients harboring cystic MACs may also present with a mild PRL elevation. The screening for macroprolactin is mostly indicated for asymptomatic patients and those with apparent idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, particularly cabergoline, which is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine. After 2 years of successful treatment, DA withdrawal should be considered in all cases of microprolactinomas and in selected cases of MACs. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas, emphasizing controversial issues regarding these topics. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors' experience

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ