Growth of arabica coffee cultivars submitted to glyphosate doses

Avaliaram-se, neste trabalho, os efeitos do glyphosate sobre o crescimento de três cultivares de café arábica. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (3 x 5) em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por três cultivares de café: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) e Topázio (MG-1190) e cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha-1). O herbicida foi aplicado quando as plantas de café se apresentavam com 21 pares de folhas e de forma que não atingisse o terço superior delas. Aos 45 e 120 dias após a aplicação do glyphosate (DAA), avaliaram-se os incrementos na altura, na área foliar, no diâmetro do caule, no número de folhas e nos ramos plagiotrópicos, sendo eles mensurados inicialmente no dia da aplicação do herbicida; aos 10, 45 e 120 DAA, avaliou-se a porcentagem de intoxicação das plantas. A massa da matéria seca de folhas, raízes e caule, a densidade e o comprimento radicular foram avaliados aos 120 DAA. Os sintomas de intoxicação das plantas de café causados pelo glyphosate foram semelhantes nos diferentes cultivares, sendo caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar. Os incrementos no número de folhas e ramos plagiotrópicos e no diâmetro do caule, independentemente do cultivar, não foram alterados pelo glyphosate. O cultivar Topázio foi o mais sensível ao glyphosate quanto a acúmulo de área foliar, de massa de matéria seca e densidade radicular.This study evaluated the effects of glyphosate on the growth of three arabica coffee cultivars. A factorial (3 x 5) was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments consisting of three coffee varieties: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) and Topázio (MG-1190) and five glyphosate doses (0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g ha-1 ). The herbicide was applied when the coffee plants reached 21 pairs of leaves, before reaching their upper third ones. At 45 and 120 days after glyphosate application (DAA), increase in leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves and plagiotropic branches was evaluated, being initially measured on the day the herbicide was applied, and plant intoxication rate at 10, 45 and 120 DAA. Dry matter of leaves, roots and stem, and root length and density were measured at 120 DAA. Symptoms of coffee plant intoxication caused by glyphosate were similar in different cultivars, being characterized by chlorosis and leaf narrowing. Increase in the number of leaves, plagiotropic branches and stem diameter, regardless of the cultivar, was not affected by glyphosate. Cultivar Topázio was the most sensitive to glyphosate, in terms of accumulation of leaf area, root dry matter and root density.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)(FAPEMIG) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Three-dimensional analysis of jaw kinematic alterations in patients with chronic TMD - disc displacement with reduction

The study investigated whether chronic TMD patients with disc displacement with reduction (DDR), performing non-assisted maximum jaw movements, presented any changes in their mandibular kinematics with respect to an age-matched control group. Moreover, it was examined whether jaw kinematics and a valid clinic measure of oro-facial functional status have significant associations. Maximum mouth opening, mandible protrusion and bilateral laterotrusions were performed by 20 patients (18 women, 2 men; age, 18-34 years) and 20 healthy controls (17 women, 3 men; age, 20-31 years). The three-dimensional coordinates of their mandibular interincisor and condylar reference points were recorded by means of an optoelectronic motion analyser and were used to quantitatively assess their range of motion, velocity, symmetry and synchrony. Three functional indices (opening-closing, mandibular rototranslation, laterotrusion - right and left - and protrusion) were devised to summarise subject's overall performance, and their correlation with the outcome of a clinical protocol, the oro-facial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES), was investigated. TMD patients were able to reach maximum excursions of jaw movements comparable to healthy subjects' performances. However, their opening and closing mandibular movements were characterised by remarkable asynchrony of condylar translation. They had also reduced jaw closing velocity and asymmetric laterotrusions. The functional indices proved to well summarise the global condition of jaw kinematics, highlighting the presence of alterations in TMD-DDR patients, and were linearly correlated with the oro-facial functional status. The jaw kinematic alterations seem to reflect both oro-facial motor behaviour adaptation and a DDR-related articular impairment

Prediction of apparent digestibility of hays from natural pastures of the Northeast region of Portugal

In the Northeast region of Portugal hays from natural pastures are traditionally used as the main feed during the period of drought and the evaluation of its nutritive value is essential. The aim of this study was to predict the apparent organic matter digestibility (OMD) of 21 hays from natural pastures based on chemical composition, pepsin-cellulase solubility of organic matter (OMS) and in vitro organic matter digestibility. Chemical composition of hays showed a wide range of values and acid detergent lignin (ADL) was the component that presented the highest variation (CV = 18.4%). The OMD varied between 516 and 658 g/kg OM. The best single OMD predictor was OMS (RSD = 2.8%, R2 = 0.52, P<0.001). Using multiple regression to predict OMD, the variables included in the model were OMS and ADL (OMD = 21.51 + 0.94 OMS – 0.83 ADL; RSD = 2.75%; R2 = 0.54; P<0.0001). According to principal component analysis (PCA) hays were divided in 3 groups and the multiple regression established for the larger group of hays (n=10) was: OMD = 4.13 + 0.85 OMS – 1.03 ADL; RSD = 2.13%, R2 = 0.77, P<0.0001. The OMS method was superior to chemical composition and to the in vitro rumen fluid method in predicting OMD of hays from natural pastures. Results from PCA suggested that it may be useful to group these hays according to its chemical composition to accurately predict OMD

Clinical And Morphological Evolution Of The Induced Experimental Arthritis In Rattus Novergicus Albinus

The models of experimental arthritis become important in the inquiry of different therapeutical alternatives and briefing of articulate pathogenesis. The possibility of measuring the injury of the articular cartilage makes the experimental model relevantly important, as well as the systemic biological effects that involve the different therapeutics: The radiological and histological aspects of the cartilage were researched in the model of Zynoman-induced arthritis in Rattus novergicus. Rats were submitted to the intra-articular injection (1.0ml) and sacrificed at different times, under anesthesia. The knee joints were surgically removed and processed for coloring in hematoxylin eosin (H&E). The radiographic analyses were carried out through images obtained with dental periapical film. The animals presented serious and gradual synovitis associated to the injury of the cartilage that was evaluated up to 14 days after the stimulation injection. The arthritis model by Zymosan allows the study of the inflammatory alteration of the synovial tissue and of the cartilage. In the presence of Zymosan, the juxtarticular and periarticular tissues develop similar alterations to those found in the autoimmune diseases.2427581Arnett, F.C., Edworthy, S.M., Bloch, D.A., McShane, D.J., Fries, J.F., Cooper, N.S., The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for classification of rheumatoid arthritis (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 315-324Brahn, E., Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: Clues to etiology and treatment (1991) Clin Orthop, 265, pp. 42-53Bernotiene, E., Palmer, G., Talabot-Ayer, D., Quinodoz, I.S., Aubert, M.L., Gabay, C., Delayed resolution of acute inflammation during zymosaninduced in leptin-deficient mice. Arthritis Res (2004) Ther, 6, pp. R256-R263Brandt, K.D., (2000) An Atlas of Osteoarthritis, , Pathernon Publishing, New YorkCossermelli, W., (2000) Terapêutica Em Reumatologia, , São Paulo: Lemos EditorialConsalter, A., Ciconelli, R., Epidemiologia e etiologia da Artrite Reumatóide (2005) Sin Reumatol, 2, pp. 34-38Crilly, A., Genotyping for disease associated HLA DR beta 1 alleles and the need for early joint surgery in rheumatoid arthritis: A quantitative evaluation (1999) Ann Rheum. Dis, 58, pp. 114-117Damas, J., Involvement of platelet-activating factor in the hypotensive response to zymosan in rats (1991) J Lipid Mediat, 3, pp. 333-344Douglas, C.R., (2000) Pato Fisiologia Geral - Mecanismos Da Doença, , São Paulo (SP): Robe EditorialDi Carlo, F.J., Fiore, J.V., In Zymosan Composition (1958) Sci, 127, pp. 756-757Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods For Rates and Proportions, , 2a ed. John Wiley &ampSons Inc. Nova IorqueFrasnelli, M.E., Tarusio, D., TLR2 modulates inflammation in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice (2005) Arthritis Res Ther, 7, pp. 370-379Gegout, P., Gillet, P., Chevrier, D., Guingamp, C., Terlain, B., Netter, P., Characterization of zymosan-induced arthritis in the rat: Effects on joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism (1994) Life Sci, 17, pp. 321-326Hadler, N.M., A Pathogenic Model For erosive synovitis: Lessons from animal arthritides (1976) Arthritis Rheum, 19, pp. 256-266. , Marc-Apr;Imrie, R., Animal Models of Arthritis (1976) Lab Anim Sci, Apr, 26, pp. 345-351Hardin, J.A., Dendritic cells: Potential triggers of autoimmunity and targets for therapy (2005) Ann Rheum Dis, 64, pp. 86-90Keystone, E.C., Schorlemmer, H.U., Pope, C., Allison, A.C., Zymosan induced arthritis: A model of chronic proliferative arthritis following activation of the alternative pathway of complement (1977) Arthritis Rheum, 20, pp. 1397-1401Konno, S., Tsurufuji, S., Analysis of the factor(s) involved in pathogenesis of zymosaninduced inflammation in rats (1985) Japan J Pharmacol, 38, pp. 177-184Laurindo, I.M.M., Ximenes, A.C., Lima, F.A.C., Pinheiro, G.R.C.L.R., Bertolo, M.B., Alencar, P., Xavier, R.M., Radominski, S.C., (2002) Artrite Reumatóide: Diagnóstico E Tratamento, , Projeto Diretrizes Associação Médica Brasileira e Conselho Federal de MedicinaLipski, P.E., Rheumatoid arthritis (1998) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, , New York: McGraw HillLubberts, E., Joosten, L.A., van den, B.L., Adenoviral vector mediated overexpression of IL-4 in the knee joint of mice with collagen- induced arthritis prevents cartilage destruction (1999) J Immunol, 163, pp. 4546-4556Mehling, A., Beissert, S., Dendritic Cells Under Investigation in Autoimmune Disease Critical Reviews (2003) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 38, pp. 1-21Moreira, C., Carvalho, M.A.P., (2001) Reumatologia - Diagnóstico E Tratamento, pp. 371-389. , 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Médica e CientíficaNouri, A.M.E., Panayi, G.S., Goodman, S.M., Cytokines and the chronic inflammation of rheumatic disease: I - the presence of interleukin- 1 in synovial fluids (1994) Clin Exp Immunol, 55, pp. 295-302Oliver, S.J., Brahn, E., Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: The animal model perspective (1996) J Rheum, 23 (24 SUPPL), pp. 56-60Rocha, A.C., Aragão, A.G.M., Oliveira, R.C., Pompeu, M.M.L., Vale, M.R., Ribeiro. RA: Periarthritis promotes gait disturbance in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats (1996) Inflamm Res, 48, pp. 485-490Rubin, E., Gorstein, F., Rubin, R., Schwarting, R., Strayer, D., (2006) Patologia. Bases Clinico Patológicas Da Medicina, , Guanabara Koogan 4.a edSAS System For Windows (Statistical Analysis System), , versão 9.1.3 Service Pack 3. SAS Institute Inc, 2002-2003, Cary, NC, USAUnderhill, D.M., Macrophage recognition of Zymosan particles (2003) J Endotoxin Res, 9, pp. 176-180Van den, B.W.B., Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, M., Vanden-Loo, F.A.J., Amelioration of established murine collagen-induced arthritis with anti- IL-1 treatment (1994) Clin Exp Immunol, 95, pp. 237-243Van den, B.W.B., Animal models of arthritis. What have we learned (2005) J Rheumatol Suppl, 72, pp. 7-9. , 2005 JanWolfe, F., Pincus, T., (1994) Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pathogenesis, Assessment, Outcome and Treatment, pp. 389-390. , By Marcel Dekker, Inc. New Yor

The influence of casein and urea as nitrogen sources on in vitro equine caecal fermentation

To access the fermentative response of equine caecal microbial population to nitrogen availability, an in vitro study was conducted using caecal contents provided with adequate energy sources and nitrogen as limiting nutrient. Two nitrogen (N) sources were provided, protein (casein) and non-protein (urea). Caecal fluid, taken from three cannulated horses receiving a hay–concentrate diet, was mixed with a N-free buffer–mineral solution. The influence of four N levels (3.7, 6.3, 12.5 or 25 mg of N in casein or urea) was studied using the gas production technique. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3-N and gas production were measured after a 24-h incubation period. Microbial biomass was estimated using adenine and guanine bases as internal markers, and ATP production was estimated stoichiometrically. Microbial growth efficiency (YATP) and gas efficiency (Egas) were estimated. Fermentation with casein as the sole N source was generally characterized by lower total VFA, NH3-N, total gas production and higher acetate : propionate (A : P) ratio and YATP than with urea. Results herein presented indicate that, under these in vitro conditions, caecal microbial population does in fact use urea N, but less efficiently than casein in terms of microbial growt