Desempeño fisiológico de semillas de soja y fríjol tratadas con dos micronutrientes

El Cobalto (Co) y el Molibdeno (Mo) son micronutrientes de gran importancia en la familia Fabaceae por hacer parte de la enzima nitrogenasa, sintetizada por bacterias durante el proceso biológico de fijación de nitrógeno por simbiosis. Estos elementos incrementan el rendimiento, sin embargo, pueden afectar el desempeño fisiológico de semillas cuando son usados en el tratamiento de las mismas. Se evaluó el efecto del Co y Mo sobre el desempeño fisiológico de semillas de fríjol y soja tratadas con varias dosis. Se utilizaron dos cultivares de soja - FUNDACEP 55 RR y BMX Potência RR - y dos de fríjol - BRS Esplendor y BRS Campeiro. Los tratamientos consistieron en la variación de las dosis de la siguiente manera: T0: testigo, T1: 50%, T2: 100%, T3: 150% y T4: 200% de la dosis recomendada. Se realizaron análisis de germinación, primer conteo de germinación, longitud de la parte aérea y raíz y masa de la materia seca de la parte aérea y raíz. El tratamiento de semillas de soja con Co y Mo no afecta la germinación de las mismas en dosis hasta 506 mL 100 kg-1 de semillas. La germinación y calidad de semillas de fríjol no son afectadas por el tratamiento de semillas con Co y Mo en dosis hasta 428 mL 100 kg-1 de semillas

Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV: uma revisão sistemática: Cognitive changes in HIV infection: a systematic review

Provocada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, numa pessoa tem o seu sistema imunológico prejudicado, tornando-se suscetível a outras doenças e infecção. Tem-se a estimativa de que 50% dos infectados com o referido vírus podem sofrer alterações cognitivas. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre mudanças estruturais cerebrais e comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com HIV. Portanto, trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, desenvolvida a partir da seleção de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e BVS/Medline a partir do uso de descritores DeCS/MeSH e aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após a análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que há uma significativa prevalência de HAND em adultos infectados por HIV, no que se refere a alterações cognitivas, especialmente entre pacientes do sexo feminino, de baixa escolaridade e renda, com diagnóstico tardio e baixa quantidade de linfócitos CD4 no início do tratamento. Entre essas pessoas, revelam-se comprometimentos quanto à memória, atenção, controle de impulsos, velocidade de processamento e motora, dentre outros

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Evaluation of the physiological quality of rice seeds treated with insecticide over stored

Seed quality is the starting point to have a good stand of seedlings in the field. Seed treatment is a technique widely used by farmers at sowing time. Insecticides are products which can be used for this purpose as well without knowing their effects on seed. Soon, it becomes clear the importance of ensuring the quality of seed throughout their life which includes storage. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds treated with insecticides during storage. The treatments were created from using a fungicide and three active principles of insecticides as follows: T0 - control, T1 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (thiamethoxam), T2 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (Imidacloprid + thiodicarb), T3 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (Imidacloprid), T4 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (thiamethoxam) + (Imidacloprid + thiodicarb) + (Imidacloprid). All the commercial rate. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications. Seed samples of cultivar Puita - Inta CL and during storage in controlled atmosphere chamber at 0, 15, 60, 120 and 158 days were evaluated for germination and vigor through the first count, cold test, length and dry mass of shoots and roots. The results of the germination test showed that the treated seeds were affected. Over time, the treated seeds ensured the maintenance of germination within the marketing standards to the third evaluated the time and kept the force for a specified time. It is thus possible that the treatment of seeds with the tested insecticides can disrupt maintain or even improve the quality of seeds depending on the product applied as a seed treatment during storage.Sem bolsaA qualidade das sementes é o ponto de partida para se ter um bom estande de plântulas na lavoura. O tratamento de sementes é uma técnica amplamente utilizada pelos agricultores no momento da semeadura. Os inseticidas são produtos que podem ser usados para essa finalidade sem conhecermos bem seus efeitos sobre as sementes. Logo, torna-se claro a importância de garantir a qualidade das sementes ao longo da sua vida o que inclui o armazenamento. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas com inseticidas ao longo do armazenamento. Os tratamentos foram criados da usando um fungicida e três princípios ativo de inseticidas da seguinte maneira: T0 – Testemunha, T1 – (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (tiametoxam), T2 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (Imidacloprido + tiodicarbe), T3 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (Imidacloprido), T4 - (Carbensazim + Tiram) + (tiametoxam) + (Imidacloprido + tiodicarbe) + (Imidacloprido). Todos da dosagem comercial. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas sementes da cultivar puitá – intá CL e durante o armazenamento em câmara de atmosfera controlada, aos 0, 15, 60, 120 e 158 dias foram avaliadas quanto a germinação e vigor através da primeira contagem de germinação, teste de frio, comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e de raízes. Os resultados do teste de germinação mostraram que as sementes tratadas foram influenciadas positivamente. Ao longo do tempo, as sementes tratadas garantiram a manutenção da germinação dentro dos padrões de comercialização até a terceira a época avaliada e mantiveram o vigor por tempo determinado. Desta forma conclui-se que o tratamento de sementes com os inseticidas testados podem prejudicar, manter ou até melhorar a qualidade da sementes dependendo do produto aplicado no tratamento de sementes ao longo do armazenamento

Factors associated to the type of childbirth in public and private hospitals in Brazil

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of cesarean sections and factors associated to the type of childbirth in Brazil. Methods: data on childbirths were collected in Brazil in 2014. Demographic characteristics, related to pregnancy and birth hospital regime (public or private) were evaluation. For each hypothesis raised, the variables were modeled by the binary logistic regression, which the outcome was considered in the type of childbirth. Results: the prevalence of the cesarean sections in Brazil in 2014 was 52.8%; that is 38.1% at public hospitals and 92.8% at private ones. The association between cesarean section and the legal regime at the hospital was highlighted in the logistic model which presented a positive association and interaction between age groups (OR = 23.26; 95% CI= 13.39 - 41.79 for women between 20 and 24 years old and OR = 51.04; 95% CI 31.06 - 84.23 for women aged 35 and over). Conclusions: the performance of childbirth in Brazil meets the routines and recommendations regarding women's health and humanized childbirth established by the Brazilian National Health System policies

Effects of Resistance Training and Bowdichia virgilioides Hydroethanolic Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Submitted to Peripheral Nerve Injury

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the combination of resistance training (RT) and the hydroethanolic extract (EHE) of Bowdichia virgilioides as markers of oxidative stress (OS) in rats with peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 10): animals without interventions (C), animals with an exposed nerve but without injury, injured animals, trained and injured animals, injured animals that received EHE, and animals that received a combination of RT and EHE. RT comprised the climbing of stairs. EHE was orally administered (200 mg/kg) for 21 days after PNI induction. RT reduced the amount of lipoperoxidation in plasma (14.11%). EHE reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (20.72%) and the brain (41.36). RT associated with the extract simultaneously reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (34.23%), muscle (25.13%), and brain (43.98%). There was an increase in total sulhydrilyl levels (a) in the brain (33.33%) via RT; (b) in the brain (44.44%) and muscle (44.51%) using EHE; and (c) in the plasma (54.02%), brain (54.25%), and muscle using the combination of RT + EHE. These results suggest that RT associated with oral EHE results in a decrease in OS