SELETIVIDADE DE INSETICIDAS A Trichogramma pretiosum (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) COLETADO EM OVOS DE LAGARTA-ENROLADEIRA Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick, 1937) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) EM FRAIBURGO, BRASIL

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de nove produtos fitossanitários utilizados no controle de pragas de macieiras em Fraiburgo (Brasil) sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Riley 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) coletado em ovos de Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick,1937) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Para a realização dos bioensaios foram confeccionadas cartelas (2,5 x 0,5 cm) e colados 40 ± 2 ovos de Sitotroga cereallela (Oliv., 1819) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), com idade inferior a 24 h e imersas nas caldas químicas durante cinco segundos. Os adultos do parasitóide foram expostos por 24 horas a resíduos secos de abamectin, clorpyrifos, carbaryl, fenitrothion, malathion, methidathion, phosmet, spirodiclofen e tebufenozide. O parasitismo, a emergência e a razão sexual foram avaliados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 10 tratamentos e 25 repetições. Clorpyrifos (150 mL/100L) foi classificado como nocivo, malathion (200 mL/100L) e carbaryl (360 mL/100L) se mostraram moderadamente nocivo, fenitrothion (150 mL/100L), phosmet (200 mL/100L), methidathion (100 mL/100L) e abamectin (100 mL/100L) foram levemente nocivo e tebufenozide (90 mL/100L) e spirodiclofen (25 mL/100L) foram inócuos. A razão sexual não foi afetada. Conclui-se que tebufenozide e spirodiclofen são os produtos fitossanitários que tiveram o menor impacto sobre o parasitismo de T. pretiosum e carbaril, methidation e abamectin tiveram o maior impacto sobre a emergência de T. pretiosum

Relación entre el sexo y el estrato sociodemográfico de los habitantes de los distritos de San Isidro y Cercado de Lima con la percepción de la inseguridad ciudadana.

En este artículo se analizó la relación entre el sexo y estrato sociodemográfico de los habitantes que residen en los distritos de San Isidro y Cercado de Lima con la percepción de la inseguridad ciudadana. El estudio se basó en los datos obtenidos a partir de la encuesta realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticañ e Informática [INEI] sobre victimización en el período 2016-2017. La muestra estuvo conformada por 379 residentes habituales del distrito Cercado de Lima y 205 residentes habituales del distrito San Isidro. Los entrevistados tenían una edad de 15 años a más y fueron seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Los resultados indican que las variables de estrato sociodemográfico y distrito están relacionadas con varios indicadores de la percepción de inseguridad ciudadana, a diferencia de la variable sexo que sólo se relacionó con la variable de percepción referida a la existencia de vigilancia en el distrito por parte de la Policía Nacional

Efeito de uma ação educativa sobre avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa no trabalho de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde / Effect of educational action on multidimensional evaluation of elderly people in the work of primary health care professionals

A necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais da saúde para atender a população idosa emerge com o processo de envelhecimento. Assim, objetiva-se avaliar o efeito de uma ação educativa sobre avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa no trabalho de profissionais da Atenção Primária. Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental com realização de pós-teste em profissionais da saúde atuantes na Atenção Primária do município de Palmas, TO. A intervenção educativa consistiu em dois encontros com duração de três horas diárias, com a utilização da metodologia da problematização. O pós-teste foi realizado 45 dias após a intervenção com a aplicação de uma escala de impacto do treinamento no trabalho e o suporte à transferência. Oito profissionais participaram das atividades educativas e observou-se um impacto de treinamento positivo de 3,84 (DP= 0,67) e correlação significante entre impacto de treinamento e suporte à transferência material (Rho=0,74; p=0,037). Evidenciou-se, portanto a importância de ações educativas sobre avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa e do apoio oferecido pelas instituições principalmente em relação aos recursos materiais. 

Two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine protection against COVID-19 hospital admissions and deaths over time : a retrospective, population-based cohort study in Scotland and Brazil

Funding Information: This study is part of the EAVE II project. EAVE II is funded by the MRC (MC_PC_19075) with the support of BREATHE—The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004), which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. This research is part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058). Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government Director General Health and Social Care. The original EAVE project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (11/46/23). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, or the UK government. The Brazilian component is part of the Fiocruz VigiVac project on continuous digital evaluation of the national anti-COVID-19 immunisation programme. SVK and SA acknowledge funding from an NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the MRC (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). This partnership between Brazil and Scotland was established through funding from the NIHR (GHRG /16/137/99) using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. This study was partially supported by a donation from the Fazer o Bem Faz Bem programme. The authors thank DATASUS for its excellent work in providing unidentified databases. GLW, MLB, and MB-N are research fellows from the Brazilian National Research Council. GLW acknowledges funding from FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; E-26/210.180/2020). We thank Dave Kelly from Albasoft (Inverness, UK) for his support with making primary care data available; Wendy Inglis-Humphrey, Vicky Hammersley, and Laura Brook (University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK); and Pam McVeigh, Amanda Burridge, and Afshin Dastafshan (Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK) for their support with project management and administration. Funding Information: SVK is a member of the UK Government's Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies subgroup on ethnicity, the Cabinet Office's International Best Practice Advisory Group, and was co-chair of the Scottish Government's Expert Reference Group on Ethnicity and COVID-19. CR reports grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and Public Health Scotland, during the conduct of the study, and is a member of the Scottish Government Chief Medical Officer's COVID-19 Advisory Group, Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling, and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Vaccine Benefit and Risk Working Group. AS is a member of the Scottish Government Chief Medical Officer's COVID-19 Advisory Group and its Standing Committee on Pandemics; he is also a member of the UK Government's New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Risk Stratification Subgroup and a member of AstraZeneca's Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Taskforce. All roles are unremunerated. VdAO, VB, MLB, and MB-N are employees of Fiocruz, a federal public institution, which manufactures Vaxzevria in Brazil, through a full technology transfer agreement with AstraZeneca. Fiocruz allocates all its manufactured products to the Ministry of Health for the public health service use. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: This study is part of the EAVE II project. EAVE II is funded by the MRC (MC_PC_19075) with the support of BREATHE?The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004), which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. This research is part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058). Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government Director General Health and Social Care. The original EAVE project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (11/46/23). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, or the UK government. The Brazilian component is part of the Fiocruz VigiVac project on continuous digital evaluation of the national anti-COVID-19 immunisation programme. SVK and SA acknowledge funding from an NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the MRC (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). This partnership between Brazil and Scotland was established through funding from the NIHR (GHRG /16/137/99) using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. This study was partially supported by a donation from the Fazer o Bem Faz Bem programme. The authors thank DATASUS for its excellent work in providing unidentified databases. GLW, MLB, and MB-N are research fellows from the Brazilian National Research Council. GLW acknowledges funding from FAPERJ (Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; E-26/210.180/2020). We thank Dave Kelly from Albasoft (Inverness, UK) for his support with making primary care data available; Wendy Inglis-Humphrey, Vicky Hammersley, and Laura Brook (University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK); and Pam McVeigh, Amanda Burridge, and Afshin Dastafshan (Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK) for their support with project management and administration. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licensePeer reviewedPublisher PD

Metabolitos de Aspergillus fumigatus endofítico e seu efeito in vitro contra o agente causal da tuberculose

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most deadly communicable infectious diseases, causing 1.4 million deaths in 2015 worldwide due to many conditions, including the inadequate treatment and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of the causal agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, drugs developed from natural sources, as microorganisms and plant extracts, are a frequent target for the research and discovery of antimicrobial compounds. The current study started the characterization of compounds produced by an Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from copaíba (Copaifera multijuga) that efficiently inhibits M. tuberculosis by releasing the compounds into the fermentation broth under specific culture conditions. A preliminary assay was carried out with a correlate species, M. smegmatis, aiming to detect an antimicrobial effect related to A. fumigatus fermentation broth. The direct use of this substrate in antibiosis assays againstM. tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294) allowed the detection of antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 256 μg mL-1, demonstrating that purification processes developed by the Biotage Flash Chromatography System are robust and reliable techniques for purification of compounds from natural sources. Also, this chromatographic system can be used in combination with specific biochemical tests, improving the search for reliable results. We conclude that this fraction can express a broad action range, inhibiting both Mycobacterium species used as target organisms.A tuberculose continua a ser uma das doenças infecciosas transmissíveis mais mortais, causando 1,4 milhão de mortes em 2015 em todo o mundo devido a vários fatores, incluindo o tratamento inadequado e o surgimento de cepas multirresistentes do agente causal, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Portanto, as drogas desenvolvidas a partir de fontes naturais, como micro-organismos e extratos de plantas, são um alvo freqüente para a pesquisa e descoberta de compostos antimicrobianos. O presente estudo foi um ponto de partida para caracterizar compostos produzidos por um Aspergillus fumigatus isolado de copaíba (Copaifera multijuga) que inibe eficientemente M. tuberculosis, liberando os compostos no caldo de fermentação em condições de cultura específicas. Realizou-se um ensaio preliminar com uma espécie correlata, M. smegmatis, com o objetivo de detectar um efeito antimicrobiano relacionado ao caldo de fermentação de A. fumigatus. O uso direto deste substrato em ensaios de antibiose contra a estirpe H37Rv de M. tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) permitiu a detecção de atividade antimicrobiana com uma concentração inibitória mínima de 256 μg mL-1, demonstrando que os processos de purificação desenvolvidos pelo Biotage Flash Chromatography System são técnicas robustas e confiáveis para purificar compostos de fontes naturais. Além disso, este sistema cromatográfico pode ser usado em combinação com testes bioquímicos específicos, melhorando a busca de resultados confiáveis. Concluímos que esta fração pode expressar uma ampla gama de ação, inibindo ambas as espécies de Mycobacterium utilizadas como organismos-alvo

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements