21 research outputs found
Avaliação dos Ăndices PET e UTCI em espaços pĂşblicos centrais, Palmas, Tocantins
Esse artigo Ă© fruto de dois projetos de iniciação cientĂfica do curso de Engenharia Civil do Instituto Federal de Educação, CiĂŞncia e Tecnologia do Tocantins. Tem como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de dois Ăndices de conforto tĂ©rmico, PET e UTCI, em espaços urbanos externos na cidade de Palmas–TO. A escolha do tema deve-se Ă carĂŞncia de pesquisas com conforto tĂ©rmico em áreas externas na cidade, bem como devido Ă impossibilidade de controle artificial desses espaços. A estação seca Ă© o perĂodo foco da pesquisa, tendo em vista que Ă© a estação de maiores temperaturas máximas do ano, nos meses de agosto e setembro. A pesquisa buscou determinar a eficiĂŞncia dos Ăndices de conforto tĂ©rmico selecionados com as respostas das pessoas, utilizando proposta comparativa de recentes estudos brasileiros. Percebeu-se que o Ăndice UTCI tem maior aproximação da sensação tĂ©rmica real dos entrevistados, apesar de, da mesma forma que o PET, superestimar a percepção de conforto. O presente estudo abre mais uma possibilidade na caracterização do conforto tĂ©rmico, contribuindo para futuras pesquisas sobre o tema em climas semelhantes. Sugere-se a continuidade dos estudos destes Ăndices com a sua respectiva calibração para a regiĂŁo em estudo.Termos para indexação: conforto tĂ©rmico, espaços abertos, Ăndices de conforto tĂ©rmico Assessment of indices PET and UTCI in central public spaces, Palmas, TocantinsThis paper is the result of two scientific initiation projects of Civil Engineering Course at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins. It has as its objective to evaluate the application of two thermal comfort indices, PET and UTCI, in outdoor urban spaces in Palmas–TO. The choice of topic is due to the lack of research on thermal comfort in outdoor areas in this city. Also, its due to the impossibility of artificial control of these spaces. The dry season is the focus of this research, considering that is the season with higher values of temperature, in months August and September. The research quested to determine the application efficiency of the selected thermal comfort indexes with responses of the inhabitants, using comparative proposal of recent brazilian researches. It is perceived that the UTCI index is nearer the real thermal sensation of respondents, though, it overestimates the perception of comfort just as the PET. This study gives one more possibility for the characterization of thermal comfort, contributing to future research on the subject in similar climates. It is suggested continuing studies of these indices with calibration of them for the region studied.Index terms: thermal comfort, open spaces, thermal comfort indice
Thermal and Acoustic Properties of Rubberized Mortars for Coatings
Recycled crumb rubber can be sustainable used in mortar both to mitigate nature aggregate consumption, reducing environmental pollution, as well, to improve the acoustic and thermal performance of buildings, without damaging its mechanical properties. This paper explores workability, microstructure, mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties considering increasing contents of crumb rubber (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% replacement, by volume, of fine aggregate). Mortar characterization tests were carried out in the fresh and hardened state. It has been found that replacing the aggregate with scrap tyre rubber reduced the compressive strength on average 12% and 67% and for tensile strength 35% and 53%, for the contents of 10% and 20% respectively, compared to the reference. Furthermore, it was found that the reductions in thermal conductivity reached 16% and 29% and an increase in acoustic attenuation on average 12% and 13%. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy images were analyzed, justifying the mechanical results obtained. Although the experimental results indicated that the workability and mechanical strengths decreased with the increase of rubber replacement rate, the studied mixtures met the standard specifications, and thus suitable for walls and ceilings coating applications, improve the acoustic and thermal performance of buildings and as a sustainable material
O impacto social e qualidade de vida de um indivĂduo portador da SĂndrome de Tourette
A SĂndrome de Tourette (ST) representa um transtorno complexo do sistema nervoso central, que afeta preponderantemente o circuito mesolĂmbico. Sua manifestação inicial ocorre, em sua maioria, durante a infância ou adolescĂŞncia, podendo persistir por um perĂodo extenso na ausĂŞncia de intervenções terapĂŞuticas apropriadas. Caracterizada clinicamente pela presença de tiques motores e vocais, a ST exerce um impacto substancial na qualidade de vida e nas relações sociais dos indivĂduos acometidos.Apesar de sua etiologia ainda nĂŁo estar plenamente elucidada, há evidĂŞncias sugerindo que fatores genĂ©ticos e alterações no desenvolvimento neurobiolĂłgico desempenhem papĂ©is cruciais em sua manifestação. O diagnĂłstico Ă© primariamente clĂnico, carecendo de exames de imagem ou laboratoriais especĂficos para sua confirmação. Uma avaliação cuidadosa voltada para a identificação de comorbidades psiquiátricas associadas Ă© mandatĂłria, visto que há uma prevalĂŞncia acentuada desses distĂşrbios neuropsiquiátricos concomitantes em pacientes com ST.Dada a complexidade da ST e o profundo comprometimento funcional associado, uma abordagem terapĂŞutica individualizada e centrada nas necessidades especĂficas do paciente se faz necessária. O tratamento deve ser orientado para o manejo dos sintomas mais gravosos ou que mais prejudicam a qualidade de vida do indivĂduo. Portanto, este estudo visa analisar, Ă luz das evidĂŞncias atuais, as comorbidades frequentemente associadas Ă SĂndrome de Tourette, bem como elucidar o impacto destas na vida social e no bem-estar dos pacientes afetados
Simultaneous presentation of trichotillomania and neurotic excoriation in a schizophrenic patient: case report: Apresentação simultânea de tricotilomania e escoriação neurótica em paciente esquizofrênico: relato de caso
The present report aims to describe the case of a patient with excoriation disorder and trichotillomania comorbid with schizophrenia. This is a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia more than 30 years ago and who had a stabilized psychic condition. In one of his periodic evaluations, he began to demonstrate compulsive acts of picking at the skin and from then onwards, lesions appeared on the face, upper limbs and scalp with progressive involvement of other regions. The approach of these mental disorders represented a challenge, because despite a growing number of studies, clinical and therapeutic questions remain open
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV: uma revisão sistemática: Cognitive changes in HIV infection: a systematic review
Provocada pelo vĂrus da imunodeficiĂŞncia humana, com a sĂndrome da imunodeficiĂŞncia adquirida, numa pessoa tem o seu sistema imunolĂłgico prejudicado, tornando-se suscetĂvel a outras doenças e infecção. Tem-se a estimativa de que 50% dos infectados com o referido vĂrus podem sofrer alterações cognitivas. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre mudanças estruturais cerebrais e comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com HIV. Portanto, trata-se de uma revisĂŁo sistemática de literatura, desenvolvida a partir da seleção de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e BVS/Medline a partir do uso de descritores DeCS/MeSH e aplicação de critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo e exclusĂŁo. ApĂłs a análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que há uma significativa prevalĂŞncia de HAND em adultos infectados por HIV, no que se refere a alterações cognitivas, especialmente entre pacientes do sexo feminino, de baixa escolaridade e renda, com diagnĂłstico tardio e baixa quantidade de linfĂłcitos CD4 no inĂcio do tratamento. Entre essas pessoas, revelam-se comprometimentos quanto Ă memĂłria, atenção, controle de impulsos, velocidade de processamento e motora, dentre outros
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest
Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030