Competência leitora dos jovens: um desafio para formadores de leitores

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compartilhar experiências sobre os desafios dos professores da Educação Básica, no processo de formação de leitores. Resulta de uma pesquisa (de Mestrado), qualitativa, centrada na verificação dos níveis de competência leitora de alunos de um 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do interior do Estado Paulista. Para obtenção dos dados, foram utilizados questionários elaborados pelas pesquisadoras para interpretação dos textos de uma Antologia, em sala de aula. Pressupostos teóricos histórico-culturais nortearam o estudo, confirmando-se que o ensino da leitura continua a desafiar os educadores formadores de leitores na Educação Básica e também os docentes do Ensino Superior, atores relevantes na construção do repertório cultural desses profissionais da Educação.

O uso de estímulos visuais no reconhecimento de plantas de zonas antropogênicas: uma avaliação do método checklist-entrevista

Visual stimuli are being used more and more in ethnobotanical research to elicit information about the use ofplants. However, the effectiveness and reliability of the information obtained through these methods are very rarelydiscussed in the literature. In this work, the combined use of exsiccates and photographs to collect information about theuses and vernacular names of plants from anthropogenic areas in a semi-arid area in the Northeast of Brazil was analyzed.In general, this study verified that 91% of the plants were recognized by at least one of the interviewees. However, themajority of those interviewed recognized only a small group of plants. Moreover, the recognition of a plant was notrelated to its local abundance.Os estímulos visuais são cada vez mais usados na investigação etnobotânica para se obter dadossobre o uso de plantas. Entretanto, a eficácia e a confiabilidade dos dados obtidos com estes métodos raramente sãodiscutidas na literatura. Neste trabalho, analisou-se o uso combinado de exsicatas e fotografias para se compilar informaçõessobre os usos e os vernáculos das plantas de áreas antropogênicas em uma região do Semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil. Nogeral, este estudo verificou que 91% das plantas foram reconhecidas por pelo menos um dos informantes. Todavia, amaioria dos entrevistados reconheceu somente um grupo pequeno de plantas. Além disso, verificamos que o reconhecimentode uma planta não está relacionado à sua abundância local

Topical Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Pharmacodermia in a Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugs that cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs. Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts through oxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue and angiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermia is are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco - PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesia recovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg,  P.O. BID for 10 days), tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use of Elizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner's dog reported by a telephone call the appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic for stitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds, one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound was identified in the thoracic region and presence of pain during palpation. The wounds presented purulent secretion, pink coloration, and presence of necrosis. No changes were observed in the physiological parameters during the physical examination. The owner reported normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation and urine. The wound region was clipped, and prescribed topical chlorhexidine digluconate (2%), allantoin with zinc oxide ointment every 8 hours, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days), and dipyrone (20 mg/kg P.O. BID for five days). Five days after the beginning of the second treatment the owner reported no improvement and the increased of the lesion, although the dog presented normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation, and urine. Thus, according to a therapeutic history of the use of cephalexin and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium, both belongings to the β-lactamic antibiotic, the clinical diagnosis of pharmacodermia was determined. Wound cleaning and debridement were performed It has been recommended to suspend the previous treatment, and prescribed the use of ozonized sunflower oil (4 drops in each wound, BID) until the complete healing, associated to cleaning with ozonized (47 μg/mL) saline solution (0.9%). The sunflower oil contained linoleic acid (48-74%) and oleic acid (14-39%), and it was purchased directly from the supplier. Discussion: Thirty days after the treatment with ozonized sunflower oil, there was complete remission of the wounds Five months after the treatment the dog returned to clinical examination. No remnants of the wounds were observed and there were no changes in the physiological parameters or in the laboratory exams. According to the present report case, the use of ozone therapy using the ozonized sunflower oil and saline solution (0.9%) is effective to treat wounds related to pharmacodermia

Stereological and Morphometric Study of Type 3 Collagen Formation in the Cutaneous Wounds of Diabetic Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction: Wound healing is a progressive, essential and complex physiological process that occurs as a restorative response after a tissue injury. It involves three phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Exogenous, endogenous and pathological factors may interfere in the cicatricial process in humans and animals by altering the balance between the synthesis, degradation and remodelling of collagen and elastic fibres. Diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disease that alters elastogenesis and collagenesis and induces delays in the healing process. Scientific evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells modulate the cicatricial response. Thus the objective of this work was to perform stereological and morphometric analysis to determine the formation of dermal fibres in cutaneous fragments of a murine model of diabetes mellitus.Materials, Methods & Results: Histological sections were obtained from the cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. The cutaneous wounds were previously treated with autogenous mesenchymal stem cells, physiological solution or polyurethane membrane. The histological sections were subsequently processed and stained for type 1 and 3 collagen fibres and elastic fibres using Picrosirius Red and Weigert staining, respectively. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius Red presented three types of birefringence under polarised light microscopy that corresponded to red colours for type 1 collagen and green and yellow colours for type 3 collagen. Weigert staining presented three colours for histological structures under white light microscopy that corresponded to black colours for elastic fibres, variations in colour from pink to purple for other structures and dermal attachments. The elastic fibres, represented by a black colour, presented in a heterogeneous form and were either identified as thin, punctiform or rectangular fibres or as elastic agglomerates. A greater volume of elastic fibres was observed in the superficial dermis than in the deep dermis, arranged irregularly. These fibres were organised longitudinally to the dermo-epidermal junction and surrounding the blood vessels and hair follicles. The images obtained were evaluated using the Cavalieri principle of stereology to obtain quantitative data in three-dimensions (3D), represented by the volume of the dermal fibres, and by the colour segmentation method. The K-means clustering plug-in in Image J® was used to quantify the area of the dermal fibres in the cutaneous wounds after the proposed dermatological treatments. A total of 90 images were obtained and analysed. No statistically significant differences (P > 0.01) were observed in the volume or area of type 1 collagen fibres between the treatment groups. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were only identified for the volumes and areas of type 3 collagen, with treated animals also presenting lower mean values for the volume and area of elastic fibres compared to the control group.Discussion: The preponderance of type 3 immature collagen in the cutaneous wounds of animals treated with stem cells indicates active collagenase and greater fibroblastic activity, which is probably induced by stem cells. Diametrically, the identification of lower levels of elastic fibres in the cutaneous fragments treated with stem cells suggests that cell therapy does not contribute satisfactorily to elastogenesis. Previous reports suggested that mesenchymal stem cells may decrease elastin synthesis, and such a situation may have occurred in this study. The autologous mesenchymal stem cells increased the formation of collagen fibres in diabetic mice at the detriment of the formation of elastic fibres, thus suggesting active early collagen in the first 2 weeks of the cicatricial process

Soro-convers&#227;o e avalia&#231;&#227;o das altera&#231;&#245;es renais em c&#227;es infectados por Leishmania (Infantum) chagasi

This study investigated the sero-conversion period in which dogs from endemic areas test positive for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as well as the early post-infection period in which renal alterations are observed. Dogs that were initially negative for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) were clinically evaluated every three months by serological, parasitological and biochemical tests until sero-conversion was confirmed, and six months later a subsequent evaluation was performed. Samples of kidney tissues were processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome stain and lesions were classified based on the WHO criteria. Of the 40 dogs that initially tested negative for VL, 25 (62.5%) exhibited positive serological tests during the study period. Of these 25 dogs, 15 (60%) tested positive within three months, five (20%) tested positive within six months and five (20%) tested positive within nine months. The dogs exhibited antibody titers between 1:40 and 1:80 and 72% of the dogs exhibited clinical symptoms. The Leishmania antigen was present in the kidneys of recently infected dogs. We found higher levels of total protein and globulin as well as lower levels of albumin in the infected dogs when compared to the control dogs. Additionally, infected dogs presented levels of urea and creatinine that were higher than those of the uninfected dogs. Glomerulonephritis was detected in some of the dogs examined in this study. These data suggest that in Teresina, the sero-conversion for VL occurs quickly and showed that the infected dogs presented abnormal serum proteins, as well as structural and functional alterations in the kidneys during the early post-infection period.Este estudo investigou o período em que o cão torna-se positivo para leishmaniose visceral (VL) em área endêmica e as alterações renais no período recente pós-infecção. Cães negativos para VL foram avaliados clinicamente a cada três meses por testes sorológicos, parasitológicos e bioquímicos até a soro-conversão e seis meses após. Foram colhidos tecido renal de seis cães, submetidos a processamento de rotina e corados com HE, PAS e Masson e as lesões foram classificadas com base nos critérios da OMS. Dos 40 cães nagativos para VL, 25 (62,5%) apresentaram sorologia positiva durante o estudo. Desses, 15 (60%) tornaram-se positiva nos primeiros três meses, cinco (20%) tornaram-se positivas dentro de seis meses e cinco (20%) tornaram-se positivas dentro de nove meses. Os cães apresentavam títulos de anticorpos entre 1:40 e 1:80, e 72% mostraram sinais clínicos. Antígeno de Leishmania estava presente no rim. Foram encontrados níveis mais elevados de proteína total e globulina, e menores níveis de albumina em cães infectados quando comparados aos controles. Além disso, os cães infectados apresentaram níveis de uréia e creatinina maior do que os cães controles. Glomerulonefrite foi observada em cinco cães. Os resultados sugerem que em Teresina a soro-conversão para VL ocorre rapidamente e os cães apresentam proteínas séricas anormais e alterações na estrutura e função dos rins em um período recente pós-infecção

Módulo VII: Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS)

Ministério da Saúd

QUALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL: MAPPING CLINICAL SIGNS OF BRAIN DEATH

Objetivo: identificar características dos óbitos e sinais clínicos de morte encefálica dos pacientes com lesão neurológica internados em unidades de pacientes críticos, a partir de ferramenta para apoio na busca ativa.Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro a agosto de 2017 nas unidades críticas de dois hospitais do sul brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito utilizando-se instrumento da Organização Nacional de Transplantes da Espanha, analisados pela estatística descritiva.Resultados: os sinais clínicos de morte encefálica identificados antes do óbito foram Glasgow três; reflexos de tosse ausente; hipertensão intracraniana presente, pupilas midriáticas e poliúria. Destacase que 14,8% apresentaram todos os critérios para iniciar o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, mas não foram notificados à Central Estadual de Transplante.Conclusão: os profissionais atuantes nessas unidades devem ter conhecimentos dos sinais clínicos de morte encefálica para que ocorra identificação precoce desses pacientes, consequentemente, aumentando as notificações.Objetivo: identificar las características de las muertes y los signos clínicos de muerte cerebral de los pacientes con lesión neurológica ingresados en unidades de pacientes críticos, a partir de una herramienta de apoyo a la búsqueda activa. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado de enero a agosto de 2017 en las unidades críticas de dos hospitales del sur de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron en los prontuarios de pacientes que evolucionaron al óbito utilizando el instrumento de la Organización Nacional de Trasplantes de España, analizados por la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: os sinais clínicos de morte encefálica identificados antes do óbito foram Glasgow três; reflexos de tosse ausente; hipertensão intracraniana presente, pupilas midriáticas e poliúria. Destaca-se que 14,8% apresentaram todos os critérios para iniciar o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, mas não foram notificados à Central Estadual de Transplante. Resultados: los síntomas clínicos de muerte encefálica identificados antes del óbito fueron Glasgow tres; reflejos de tos ausentes; hipertensión intracraneal presente, pupilas midriáticas y poliuria. Cabe destacar que el 14,8% presentaba todos los criterios para iniciar el diagnóstico de muerte cerebral, pero no fueron notificados al Centro Estatal de Trasplantes. Conclusión: los profesionales que trabajan en estas unidades deben tener conocimiento de los signos clínicos de la muerte cerebral para la identificación temprana de estos pacientes, aumentando así las notificaciones.Objective: to identify characteristics of deaths and clinical signs of brain death in patients with neurological lesions admitted to critical care units, using a tool to support the active search. Method: a descriptive, retrospective study conducted from January to August 2017 in the critical units of two hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from the medical records of patients who died using the instrument of the National Transplant Organization of Spain and analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results: the clinical signs of brain death identified before death were Glasgow three; cough reflexes absent; intracranial hypertension present, mydriatic pupils and polyuria. It is noteworthy that 14.8% presented all the criteria to start the diagnosis of brain death but were not notified to the State Transplant Center.Conclusion: the professionals working in these units must have knowledge of the clinical signs of brain death for an early identification of these patients, consequently increasing the notifications

AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS EM CÃES INFECTADOS POR Leishmania chagasi

A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença sistêmica grave, causada pelo protozoário  Leishmania chagasi. O cão doméstico é considerado o mais relevante reservatório vertebrado do parasita causador da doença, participando no ciclo epidemiológico da transmissão ao homem. A obtenção de conhecimentos detalhados de outros fatores além dos usuais parâmetros clínicos, como: imunológicos, histopatológicos e laboratoriais são fundamentais para o entendimento de uma doença tão complexa e amplamente distribuída no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o perfl bioquímico de cães infectados por Leishmania chagasi em diferentes fases clínicas. Neste trabalho foi utilizado soro de cães naturalmente infectados por L.chagasi provenientes de áreas endêmicas para LVC no Estado do Maranhão. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: assintomáticos e sintomáticos de acordo com os sinais clínicos que apresentavam e controle (cães sorologicamente negativos para  L. chagasi). Foram quantifcadas as concentrações séricas de Fosfatase Alcalina, Ureia, Alanina Aminotransferase, Aspartato Aminotransferase, Proteínas Totais e Triglicerídeos. Para tanto foram utilizados Kits de diagnóstico padrão da Labtest® e os ensaios foram realizados conforme protocolo disponibilizados nos Kits. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste ANOVA. Nossos resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças signifcativas nas concentrações séricas de proteínas totais entre os grupos, o mesmo ocorreu quando comparamos as concentrações séricas de Fosfatase Alcalina,Alanina Aminotransferase, Aspartato Aminotransferase e Triglicerídeos. Entretanto foi detectado aumento nas concentrações de uréia nos cães sintomáticos em comparação ao grupo controle. O acompanhamento das funções hepática e renal dos cães com LVC não tem valor preponderante para o diagnóstico da doença, porém estes parâmetros podem fornecem importantes informações para a avaliação do estado clínico dos animais, do prognóstico da doença e da evolução de cães em tratamento.Descritores: leishmaniose visceral canina; Leishmania chagasi;  Bioquímica.Abstract:  The domestic dog is considered the most important vertebrate reservoir of the parasite that causes the disease, participating in the epidemiological cycle of transmission to humans. Obtaining detailed knowledge of other factors besides the usual clinical parameters, such as immunological, histopathological and laboratory are fundamental to the understanding of a disease as complex and broadly distributed worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical profle, of dogs infected by Leishmania chagasi in different clinical phases. In this study we used serum from dogs naturally infected by L. chagasi from two endemic areas in the State of LVC. The animals were divided into three groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic according to clinical signs and had control (dogs serologically negative for L. chagasi). Alkaline phosphatase, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein triglycerides were quantifed in serum. Therefore, we used standard diagnostic kits from Labtest ® and the assays were performed according to the protocol provided in Kits. A statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Our results did not show signifcant differences in serum concentrations of total protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglycerides in all groups evaluated in this study. However, it was detected an increase of urea in  symptomatic dogs compared  to the control group, indicating a possible initial or incipient nephropathy in dogs of this group. The monitoring of hepatic and renal function of dogs with CVL has no override value for the diagnosis of disease, but these parameters can provide important information for assessing the clinical status of animals, disease prognosis and evolution of dogs’ treatment.Descriptors: canine visceral leishmaniasis; Leishmania chagasi; Biochemical

ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA VOLTADA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA INTERAÇÃO FÁRMACO-NUTRIENTE E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES.

A assistência farmacêutica é o conjunto de ações e serviços que visa assegurar a assistência terapêutica integral, a promoção e a recuperação da saúde. Um dos desafios encontrados nesta prática profissional são os problemas relacionados aos medicamentos incluindo as interações fármaco-nutriente. o profissional farmacêutico, possui visão ampla e sistemática quanto aos riscos destas interações, logo, o acompanhamento é essencial na farmacoterapia. Sendo inúmeras as possibilidades de ocorrência de interações entre fármacos e nutriente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais interações relatadas na  literatura e suas implicações, bem como evitá-las através da atenção farmacêutica. Para encontrar os resultados foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática integrativa com as bases de dados SCIELO, BVMS e DOAJ.  Os resultados evidenciaram diversas possibilidades de mecanismos de interações entre fármacos e alimentos com interferências nos processos farmacocinéticos que vão desde a absorção até a excreção, bem como nos processos farmacodinâmicos. Algumas interações produzem modificações na disponibilidade e na atividade do fármaco podendo acelerar o efeito desejável ou tornar indesejável.  O emprego da atenção farmacêutica pode colaborar para prevenir, identificar e resolver as prováveis interações entre fármacos e nutrientes, aumentando desta forma a eficácia do medicamento e o resultado da terapia

ATTRIBUTES OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CULTIVATED LAND IN AREAS WITH GRAINS IN NORTHEAST PARAENSE USING PRECISION FARMING

RESUMO: As aplicações de técnicas de agricultura de precisão no manejo da fertilidade do solo tem otimizado o uso de adubos possibilitando maior sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a variabilidade temporal de alguns atributos químicos do solo sob cultivo de grãos no município de Paragominas - PA, por meio do uso de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 17 propriedades agrícolas, nos anos de 2009 e 2010, mensurando resultados de 1.945 amostras de solos. Os solos cultivados com grãos apresentaram baixa acidez, saturação por base abaixo de 50%. A fertilidade do solo avaliada pelos resultados obtidos é de média a alta.   Palavras-chave: adubação, fertilidade, manejo.Abstract: The applications of precision agriculture techniques in the management of soil fertility has optimized the use of fertilizers enabling more sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal variability of some soil chemical properties under grain cultivation in the municipality of Paragominas - PA, through the use of precision agriculture techniques. The study was conducted on 17 farms in the years 2009 and 2010, measuring results of 1945 soil samples. The soils cultivated with grains had low acidity, base saturation below 50%. Soil fertility is evaluated by the results obtained from medium to high.   Key-words: fertilization, fertility, management