Production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from sugar-rich extracts and hydrolysates from white wine grape pomace

The aim of this thesis was the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), using grape pomace as substrate. Five bacterial strains, Pseudomonas citronellolis NRRL B-2504, Pseudomonas chlororaphis DMS 19603, Pseudomonas resinovorans NRRL B-2649, Pseudomonas stutzeri NRRL B-775 and Burkholderia sacchari DSM 17165, were studied. In a first part, shake flask tests were carried out using as substrate grape pomace subjected to three types of treatment: aqueous extract (1); and hydrolysates obtained by acid treatment (2) or by compressed hot water (HCW) (3). The aqueous extract was used for the cultivation of Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis, Ps. resinovorans and Ps. stutzeri, while acid and HCW hydrolysates were tested for Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis, Ps. resinovorans and B. sacchari. These assays demonstrated that the aqueous extract provided, not only a good cell growth, but also a good accumulation of PHA by most strains tested. Cultures with the hydrolysates under the tested conditions resulted in reduced cell growth and/or absence of polymer accumulation. In a second phase, bioreactor assays were performed with Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis and Ps. resinovorans that were identified as having higher PHA production potential. The strains reached 16.7%, 14.3% and 17.4% polymer content in the biomass, respectively, with volumetric productivity values of 0.04-0.08 g/(L.h). All polymers were medium-chain length PHA (mcl-PHA), composed mainly of 3-hydroxydecanoate, 3-hydroxydodecanoate and/or 3-hydroxyoctanoate, and had molecular weight values between 1×105 Da and 3.1× 105 Da. Despite the similar temperature degradation, the polymers had different degrees of crystallinity: the mcl-PHA produced by Ps. chlororaphis the highest value (38.8%) and that of Ps. resinovorans had the lowest (10.2%). Thus, the grape pomace extract proved to be a suitable substrate for the production of biopolymers with different physicochemical properties and versatile characteristics that can be used in different applications.O objetivo desta tese foi a produção de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA), utilizando como substrato bagaço da uva. Cinco estirpes bacterianas, Pseudomonas citronellolis NRRL B-2504, Pseudomonas chlororaphis DMS 19603, Pseudomonas resinovorans NRRL B-2649, Pseudomonas stutzeri NRRL B-775 e Burkholderia sacchari DSM 17165, foram estudadas. Numa primeira parte, foram realizados ensaios em shake flask utilizando como substrato bagaço de uva sujeito a três tipos de tratamento: extrato aquoso (1); e hidrolisados obtidos por tratamento ácido (2) ou por água quente comprimida (HCW) (3). O extrato aquoso foi utilizado para o cultivo de Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis, Ps. resinovorans e Ps. stutzeri, enquanto os hidrolisados ácido e de HCW foram testados para o cultivo de Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis, Ps. resinovorans e B. sacchari. Estes ensaios demonstraram que o extrato aquoso proporcionava não só um bom crescimento celular, como também acumulação de PHA, pela maioria das estirpes testadas. Os cultivos com os hidrolisados, nas condições testadas, resultaram em reduzido crescimento celular e/ou ausência de acumulação de polímero. Numa segunda fase, foram realizados ensaios em bio-reator com as estirpes Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. citronellolis e Ps. resinovorans que foram identificadas como tendo maior potencial de produção de PHA. As estirpes atingiram teores de polímero na biomassa de 16.7%, 14.3% e 17.4%, respetivamente, com produtividade volumétrica de 0.04-0.08 g/(L.h). Todos os polímeros eram medium-chain length PHA (mcl-PHA), compostos principalmente por 3-hydroxydecanoato, 3-hydroxydodecanoato e/ou 3-hidroxioctanoato, e tinham peso molecular entre 1×105 Da e 3.1×105Da. Apesar da temperatura de degradação ser semelhante, os polímeros apresentaram graus de cristalinidade diferentes, tendo o mcl-PHA produzido por Ps. chlororaphis o valor mais elevado (38.8%) e o da Ps. resinovorans o mais baixo (10.2%). Assim, o extrato do resíduo do vinho branco mostrou ser um substrato adequado para a produção de biopolímeros com propriedades físico-químicas diferentes e caraterísticas versáteis que podem ser utilizados em diferentes aplicações

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Geospatial analysis of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil from 2000 to 2015: Species typing and flow of travelers and migrants with leishmaniasis.

BackgroundWe identified the species of Leishmania isolated from traveling and migrant patients attended in a reference center from 2000 to 2015, we performed the georeferencing of these species in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state and we had knowledge about the human flows between the likely location of infection (LLI) and place of residence (PR) in RJ state, Brazil.Methodology/principal findingsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study including 171 patients diagnosed with ATL. Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Bing Maps were tools used to georeference LLI and PR. For etiological identification, we used isoenzyme electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (molecular target hsp70C with restriction enzymes HaeIII and BstUI), and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. ARCGIS software was used to create maps of the geographic distribution of Leishmania species in the state and municipality of RJ, together with flows between the LLI and PR. Isolates from 104 patients were identified as: L. (Viannia) braziliensis (80.8%), L. (V.) naiffi (7.7%), L. (V.) guyanensis (6.7%), L. (Leishmania) amazonensis (1%), and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis (3.8%). The flow maps showed that the LLI included 4 countries, 19 Brazilian states, and 18 municipalities of RJ state. The Brazilian states with the highest density of cases were Amazonas (n = 32), Bahia (n = 18), and Ceará (n = 15).Conclusions/significanceThis work is the first contribution to the knowledge of the routes of Leishmania species introduced in RJ state by migrants and travelers patients. L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (L.) amazonensis, and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis were identified in RJ state. To determine whether the autochthonous transmission of these imported species is possible it is necessary the adaptation of these species to environmental conditions as well as the presence of reservoirs and phlebotomine vectors in this region

Favorable responses to treatment with 5 mg Sbv /kg/day meglumine antimoniate in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis acquired in different Brazilian regions

Submitted by Claudete Fernandes ([email protected]) on 2019-01-08T01:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Cataldo_Jamyra_etal_INI_2018.pdf: 3061635 bytes, checksum: 1e12377d537631543f567aa6a9109cad (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-01-10T14:11:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Cataldo_Jamyra_etal_INI_2018.pdf: 3061635 bytes, checksum: 1e12377d537631543f567aa6a9109cad (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-10T14:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Cataldo_Jamyra_etal_INI_2018.pdf: 3061635 bytes, checksum: 1e12377d537631543f567aa6a9109cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Oftalmologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanossomatídeos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Introduction: Favorable responses in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) patients to treatment with 5 mg Sbv/kg/day meglumine antimoniate (MA) has been reported in Rio de Janeiro, but little is known regarding the therapeutic response to low doses in patients from other locations. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to compare the therapeutic response to 5 mg Sbv/kg/day MA treatment among 36 patients who acquired ATL in Brazilian states other than Rio de Janeiro (OS group) and 72 patients from Rio de Janeiro (RJ group). Results: One course of 5 mg Sbv/kg/day MA cured 72.8% of 81 cutaneous (CL) and 66.6% of 27 mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis-infected patients: 70% in the CL/RJ group, 81% in the CL/OS group, 50% in the ML/RJ group, and 80% in the ML/OS group. After up to two additional treatment courses at the same dose, 88.9% and 85.2% of the CL and ML patients were cured, respectively. Adverse events were observed in 40% of patients in the CL/RJ group, 57% of the CL/OS group, 58% of the ML/RJ group, and 80% of the ML/OS group. No significant differences were observed in the cure rates or adverse effects between the RJ and OS groups. No patients required permanent discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events. Conclusions: Patients with ATL acquired in both RJ and OS may respond to low-dose MA. While high-dose MA should remain the standard treatment for ATL, low-dose MA might be preferred when toxicity is a primary concern

Favorable responses to treatment with 5 mg Sbv/kg/day meglumine antimoniate in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis acquired in different Brazilian regions

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Favorable responses in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) patients to treatment with 5 mg Sbv/kg/day meglumine antimoniate (MA) has been reported in Rio de Janeiro, but little is known regarding the therapeutic response to low doses in patients from other locations. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to compare the therapeutic response to 5 mg Sbv/kg/day MA treatment among 36 patients who acquired ATL in Brazilian states other than Rio de Janeiro (OS group) and 72 patients from Rio de Janeiro (RJ group). RESULTS: One course of 5 mg Sbv/kg/day MA cured 72.8% of 81 cutaneous (CL) and 66.6% of 27 mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis-infected patients: 70% in the CL/RJ group, 81% in the CL/OS group, 50% in the ML/RJ group, and 80% in the ML/OS group. After up to two additional treatment courses at the same dose, 88.9% and 85.2% of the CL and ML patients were cured, respectively. Adverse events were observed in 40% of patients in the CL/RJ group, 57% of the CL/OS group, 58% of the ML/RJ group, and 80% of the ML/OS group. No significant differences were observed in the cure rates or adverse effects between the RJ and OS groups. No patients required permanent discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ATL acquired in both RJ and OS may respond to low-dose MA. While high-dose MA should remain the standard treatment for ATL, low-dose MA might be preferred when toxicity is a primary concern