Qualidade de grãos de híbridos de milho submetidos em diferentes épocas de semeadura e doses de nitrogênio

Grain quality is essential in the food industry, and it shows variations depending on crop management conditions in the field. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of hybrids, sowing seasons, and topdressing nitrogen rates on the incidence of damaged grains and their correlation with pathogenic fungi. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Atalanta, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in a split split-plot randomized block design consisting of the AG9025 PRO3 (super-early) and 30F53 VYH (early) hybrids, preferential (September 20) and late (December 5) sowing season, and nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha-1). The percentage of normal, fermented, and burned grains, as well as the incidence of fungi in grains, were quantified. The hybrid 30F53 VYH had shown the lowest percentage of fermented grains (8.4%) when compared to the hybrid AG9025 PRO3 (43.2%). No significant difference was observed between the sowing season for fermented grains. The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 had shown an increase in fermented grains with nitrogen addition, while the hybrid 30F53 VYH presented a stable behavior. The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 (35.5%) showed the lowest incidence of Fusarium verticillioides in the grains when compared to the hybrid 30F53 VYH (49.9%). The fungus incidence was also lower in the preferential sowing season (35.7%) than in the late one (49.7%). The hybrid AG9025 PRO3 maintained the percentage of fungus incidence stable as a function of nitrogen rates. No significant correlation was observed between the percentage of normal and fermented grains with the incidence of F. verticillioides.A qualidade dos grãos é essencial na indústria alimentícia e mostra variações dependendo das condições de manejo da cultura no campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o efeito de híbridos, épocas de semeadura e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura sobre a incidência de grãos avariados e sua correlação com fungos patogênicos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Atalanta, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas sub-subdivididas, constituído pelos híbridos AG9025 PRO3 (super-precoce) e 30F53 VYH (precoce), semeadura preferencial (20 de setembro) e tardia (5 de dezembro) e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 150, 300 e 450 kg ha-1). O percentual de grãos normais, fermentados e avariados, bem como a incidência de fungos em grãos, foram quantificados. O híbrido 30F53 VYH apresentou o menor percentual de grãos fermentados (8,4%) quando comparado ao híbrido AG9025 PRO3 (43,2%). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre as épocas de semeadura nos grãos fermentados. O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 apresentou um aumento nos grãos fermentados com adição de nitrogênio, enquanto o híbrido 30F53 VYH apresentou comportamento estável. O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 (35,5%) apresentou a menor incidência de Fusarium verticillioides nos grãos quando comparado ao híbrido 30F53 VYH (49,9%). A incidência do fungo foi menor também na época de semeadura preferencial (35,7%) em relação à tardia (49,7%). O híbrido AG9025 PRO3 manteve estável a porcentagem de incidência de fungos em função das doses de nitrogênio. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada entre a porcentagem de grãos normais e fermentados com a incidência de F. verticillioides

West indian cherry parental genotype selection based on multivariate genetic divergence

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e selecionar genótipos parentais de acerola (Malpighia emarginata L.) adequadas a programas de melhoramento genético. Nove caracteres quantitativos de maior importância agronômica foram usados para determinação da distância genética e formação de grupos similares de acessos. O agrupamento pelo método de Tocher, a partir das distâncias generalizadas de Mahalanobis, possibilitou a divisão de 14 genótipos em três grupos. Com base na divergência genética e no caráter agronômico-chave (teor de vitamina C), destacaram-se como mais promissores os cruzamentos dos genótipos: AM Mole pertencente ao grupo III, com os genótipos PR AM, NO 18, PR 17, PR 16, Eclipse, AM 22 e Dominga, todos pertencentes ao grupo I.The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes toward the identification of superior West Indian Cherry (Malpighia emarginata L.) parents that produce high-performing progenies. Parents clones were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications and each plot consisted of three plants. Fourteen genotypes of West Indian Cherry were characterized in Londrina, PR, Brazil. Nine quantitative characters of bigger agronomic interest were used for determination of genetic distance and identification of similar groups among the genotypes. The grouping by the method, based on Mahalanobis generalized distance, made it possible to organize the 14 genotypes in three groups. The genetic divergence based on a key agronomic character (level of vitamin C) allowed to recommend the cross as of the following genotypes: amarela mole (group III) with genotypes PR AM, No 18, PR 17, PR 16, Eclipse, AM 22 and Dominga all of them group I

Decisões a respeito da terapia com estimulação cerebral profunda na doença de Parkinson

A doença de Parkinson pode ser tratada cirurgicamente em pacientes que desenvolveram complicações motoras, como flutuações e discinesias, ou tremores refratários ao uso de medicação. Nesta revisão, um grupo de especialistas formulou sugestões para um protocolo de avaliação pré-operatória, depois de revisar a literatura publicada até outubro de 2017. Neste protocolo, são sugeridos critérios de elegibilidade e inadmissibilidade para tratamento cirúrgico, bem como procedimentos que devem ser realizados antes das decisões terapêuticas multidisciplinares. A revisão enfatiza a necessidade de estabelecer “equipes de DBS”, com profissionais dedicados especialmente a esta área. Ao final, a seleção do alvo cirúrgico (núcleo subtalâmico ou globo pálido interno) é discutida brevemente, ponderando prós e contras de cada escolha.Parkinson’s disease can be treated surgically in patients who present with motor complications such as fluctuations and dyskinesias, or medically-refractory disabling tremor. In this review, a group of specialists formulated suggestions for a preoperative evaluation protocol after reviewing the literature published up to October 2017. In this protocol, eligibility and ineligibility criteria for surgical treatment were suggested, as well as procedures that should be carried out before the multidisciplinary therapeutic decisions. The review emphasizes the need to establish “DBS teams”, with professionals dedicated specifically to this area. Finally, surgical target selection (subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus) is discussed briefly, weighing the pros and cons of each target

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ