Técnicas de construcción o edificación en vivienda: una revisión de la literatura

This study aims to identify the recurring construction techniques used in buildings for residential use. The methodological procedure adopted was the systematic literature review based on the Prisma 2020 flow diagram. The searches were carried out on the following data base platforms: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results showed a map of the most used processes and materials, such as masonry with different kinds of blocks, timber, and metallic structures. The results presented herein provide bibliographical references to help researchers and professionals.Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las técnicas constructivas recurrentes utilizadas en los edificios de uso residencial. El procedimiento metodológico adoptado fue la revisión sistemática de la literatura con base en el diagrama de flujo Prisma 2020. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las siguientes plataformas de bases de datos: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus y Web of Science. Los resultados mostraron un mapa de los procesos y materiales más utilizados, como albañilería con diferentes tipos de bloques, madera y estructuras metálicas. Los resultados presentados aquí proporcionan referencias bibliográficas para ayudar a investigadores y profesionales.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Dopamine Modulates Adaptive Forgetting in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Active forgetting occurs in many species, but how behavioral control mechanisms influence which memories are forgotten remains unknown. We previously found that when rats need to retrieve a memory to guide exploration, it reduces later retention of other competing memories encoded in that environment. As with humans, this retrieval-induced forgetting relies on prefrontal control processes. Dopaminergic input to the prefrontal cortex is important for executive functions and cognitive flexibility. We found that, in a similar way, retrieval-induced forgetting of competing memories in male rats requires prefrontal dopamine signaling through D1 receptors. Blockade of medial prefrontal cortex D1 receptors as animals encountered a familiar object impaired active forgetting of competing object memories as measured on a later long-term memory test. Inactivation of the ventral tegmental area produced the same pattern of behavior, a pattern that could be reversed by concomitant activation of prefrontal D1 receptors. We observed a bidirectional modulation of retrieval-induced forgetting by agonists and antagonists of D1 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings establish the essential role of prefrontal dopamine in the active forgetting of competing memories, contributing to the shaping of retention in response to the behavioral goals of an organism.Fil: Gallo, Francisco Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Zanoni Saad, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Azul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Morici, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, Magdalena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Anderson, Michael C.. University of Cambridge; Estados UnidosFil: Weisstaub, Noelia V.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Bekinschtein, Pedro Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentin

Técnicas de construcción o edificación en vivienda: una revisión de la literatura

This study aims to identify the recurring construction techniques used in buildings for residential use. The methodological procedure adopted was the systematic literature review based on the Prisma 2020 flow diagram. The searches were carried out on the following data base platforms: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results showed a map of the most used processes and materials, such as masonry with different kinds of blocks, timber, and metallic structures. The results presented herein provide bibliographical references to help researchers and professionals.Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las técnicas constructivas recurrentes utilizadas en los edificios de uso residencial. El procedimiento metodológico adoptado fue la revisión sistemática de la literatura con base en el diagrama de flujo Prisma 2020. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las siguientes plataformas de bases de datos: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus y Web of Science. Los resultados mostraron un mapa de los procesos y materiales más utilizados, como albañilería con diferentes tipos de bloques, madera y estructuras metálicas. Los resultados presentados aquí proporcionan referencias bibliográficas para ayudar a investigadores y profesionales.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Diferenças na microdureza de resinas compostas de núcleo e convencionais

Poster apresentado no XXXV Congresso Anual da Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina Dentária (SPEMD), 9-10 Outubro 2015, Centro de Congressos do Lagoas Park, Oeiras, Lisboa.Under a Creative Commons license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Predictors of the risk of falls among elderly with chronic atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: Though elderly persons with chronic atrial fibrillation have more comorbidities that could limit indications for the chronic use of anticoagulants, few studies have focused on the risk of falls within this particular group. To evaluate the predictors of the risk of falls among elderly with chronic atrial fibrillation, a cross-sectional, observational study was performed. METHODS: From 295 consecutive patients aged 60 years or older with a history of atrial fibrillation who were enrolled within the last 2 years in the cardiogeriatrics outpatient clinic of the Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 107 took part in this study. Their age was 77.9 +/- 6.4 years, and 62 were female. They were divided into two groups: a) no history of falls in the previous year and b) a history of one or more falls in the previous year. Data regarding the history of falls and social, demographic, anthropometric, and clinical information were collected. Multidimensional assessment instruments and questionnaires were applied. RESULTS: At least one fall was reported in 55 patients (51.4%). Among them, 27 (49.1%) presented recurrent falls, with body lesions in 90.4% and fractures in 9.1% of the cases. Multivariate logistic regression showed that self-reported difficulty maintaining balance, use of amiodarone, and diabetes were independent variables associated with the risk of falls, with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 44.9%. CONCLUSION: In a group of elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who were relatively independent and able to attend an outpatient clinic, the occurrence of falls with recurrence and clinical consequences was high. Difficulty maintaining balance, the use of amiodarone and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of the risk for falls. Thus, simple clinical data predicted falls better than objective functional tests

Foliar water uptake in Amazonian trees: evidence and consequences

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordThe absorption of atmospheric water directly into leaves enables plants to alleviate the water stress caused by low soil moisture, hydraulic resistance in the xylem and the effect of gravity on the water column, while enabling plants to scavenge small inputs of water from leaf-wetting events. By increasing the availability of water, and supplying it from the top of the canopy (in a direction facilitated by gravity), foliar uptake (FU) may be a significant process in determining how forests interact with climate, and could alter our interpretation of current metrics for hydraulic stress and sensitivity. FU has not been reported for lowland tropical rainforests; we test whether FU occurs in six common Amazonian tree genera in lowland Amazônia, and make a first estimation of its contribution to canopy–atmosphere water exchange. We demonstrate that FU occurs in all six genera and that dew-derived water may therefore be used to “pay” for some morning transpiration in the dry season. Using meteorological and canopy wetness data, coupled with empirically derived estimates of leaf conductance to FU (kfu), we estimate that the contribution by FU to annual transpiration at this site has a median value of 8.2% (103 mm/year) and an interquartile range of 3.4%–15.3%, with the biggest sources of uncertainty being kfu and the proportion of time the canopy is wet. Our results indicate that FU is likely to be a common strategy and may have significant implications for the Amazon carbon budget. The process of foliar water uptake may also have a profound impact on the drought tolerance of individual Amazonian trees and tree species, and on the cycling of water and carbon, regionally and globally.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Australian Research Council (ARC)CNPQEuropean Union FP7Royal SocietyCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES

MECANISMOS INFLAMATÓRIOS DA OBESIDADE: O QUE SABEMOS EM GATOS?

This study aimed to provide an overview of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in the obesity process focusing on pro-inflammatory immune responses and the role of adipokines in inflammatory reactionsm in animals and humans, as well as the correlation with the feline specie. Obesity is considered an increasingly prevalent endocrine disease in feline species, caused by a nutritional disorder with negative energy balance. It is defined as an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that negatively affects the animal's health and is associated with a decrease in life expectancy and as triggering causes are multifactorial, being linked to several genetic and environmental factors. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that actively participates in energy metabolism and concentrates hormonal factors that are secreted by adipocytes, which modulate metabolism and exert the ability to directly involve innate and adaptive immune responses through the activity of the main cell types, including adipocytes and macrophages responsible for the activation and release of cytokines that affect normal physiological function, influencing the development of chronic inflammation. The altered production of adipokines in obesity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several groups of diseases and their possible contribution to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Despite the incomplete understanding of the triggering factors of inflammation in the adipose tissue of cats, it is suggested that aspects associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, hypoxia, or even intrinsic factors of the adipocyte are involved.O objetivo deste trabalho foi fornecer uma visão geral dos mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos no processo da obesidade, com enfoque nas respostas imunes pró-inflamatórias e no papel das adipocinas nas reações inflamatórias, em humanos e animais, bem como a correlação com a espécie felina. A obesidade é considerada uma doença endócrina cada vez mais prevalente na espécie felina, causada por uma desordem nutricional de balanço energético negativo. É definida como um acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo que afeta negativamente a saúde do animal e está associada à diminuição da expectativa de vida, sendo que as causas que a desencadeiam são multifatoriais, sendo atreladas a diversos fatores genéticos e ambientais. O tecido adiposo é um órgão endócrino que participa ativamente do metabolismo energético e concentra fatores hormonais que são secretados pelos adipócitos, os quais modulam o metabolismo e exercem capacidade de envolver diretamente as respostas imunes inatas e adaptativas por meio da atividade dos principais tipos celulares, incluindo adipócitos e macrófagos responsáveis pela ativação e liberação de citocinas que afetam a função fisiológica normal, influenciando no desenvolvimento da inflamação crônica. A produção alterada de adipocinas na obesidade tem sido envolvida na fisiopatologia de diversos grupos de doenças e tem sido relatada sua possível contribuição para o desenvolvimento de resistência insulínica e diabetes mellitus. Apesar do incompleto compreendimento dos fatores desencadeantes da inflamação no tecido adiposo de gatos, sugere-se que estejam envolvidos aspectos associados à disfunção mitocondrial, hipóxia ou, ainda, que estejam associados fatores intrínsecos do adipócito

Doença Renal Aguda em gatos: conquistas e desafios

A doença renal aguda (DRA) refere-se a uma síndrome clínica associada a alta morbidade e mortalidade, fazendo parte da síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. Em medicina veterinária, estudos sobre a incidência de casos com DRA ainda são pouco elucidados, e a fisiopatologia da lesão renal aguda (LRA) é complexa, sendo caracterizada pela rápida diminuição da função excretora renal e consequente acúmulo de produtos do metabolismo de nitrogênio. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar a DRA com dados atuais sobre etiologia, patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento

ACHADOS HEMATOLÓGICOS, BIOQUÍMICOS, CITOLÓGICOS E NECROSCÓPICOS EM GATOS DOMÉSTICOS COM LEISHMANIOSE

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan genus Leishmania spp. It is commonly reported in dogs. However, currently, the number of infected cats has grown currently, being important to study how this disease behaves in these hosts. Clinical evaluation and laboratory tests are essential for the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis in felines. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the hematological and cytological alterations in domestic cats with Leishmaniasis. in Two cats from the city of Fortaleza/CE were evaluated with hematological, biochemical, cytological, and necroscopic exams. The main hemogram findings were normochromic nomocytic anemia, erythrocyte rouleaux, platelet aggregates, and, in one of the cases, visualization of the amastigote form. In the biochemical analysis, hypoalbunemia was observed in one case and, in the other case, an increase in serum levels of urea and creatinine was noticed. Hyperproteinemia was observed in both cases. Cytology was used ante-mortem for the diagnosis of one of the cases and post-mortem for both cases to identify amastigote forms in the liver and other lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Therefore, for cats with nonspecific signs, it is necessary to carry out complementary tests such as blood count, serum biochemistry, cytology of the lesions, and necroscopic examination to obtain a definitive diagnosis.A Leishmaniose Visceral é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário do gênero Leishmania spp. É mais comumente relatada em cães; mas, atualmente, o número de gatos infectados tem crescido, sendo importante o estudo de casos de como essa doença se comporta nesses hospedeiros. A avaliação clínica e os exames laboratoriais são imprescindíveis para o diagnóstico definitivo de Leishmaniose em felinos. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações hematológicas e citológicas em gatos domésticos com Leishmaniose em dois gatos, provenientes do município de Fortaleza/CE. Foram avaliados os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos, citológicos e necroscópicos desses pacientes. Os principais achados de hemograma foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, rouleaux eritrocitário, agregados plaquetários e, em um dos casos, a visualização da forma amastigota. Na análise bioquímica, observou-se hipoalbunemia em um caso e, no outro, aumento dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina. Em ambos os casos, se observou hiperproteinemia. A citologia foi utilizada ante-mortem, para diagnóstico de um dos casos e post-mortem nos dois casos, a fim de se detectar formas amastigotas no fígado e outros órgãos linfoides, como linfonodos, baço e medula óssea. Portanto, para gatos com sinais inespecíficos, faz-se necessária a realização de exames complementares, como hemograma, bioquímica sérica, citologia das lesões e exame necroscópico, a fim de diagnóstico definitivo

Effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis on models of nociception and inflammation

AbstractThis work reports the effects of a sulfated polysaccharide (SP-Sf), isolated from the seaweed Solieria filiformis and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), on nociception and inflammation. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with SP-Sf 30min before receiving an injection of 0.8% acetic acid, 1% formalin or 30min prior to a thermal stimulus. We observed that SP-Sf (1, 3 or 9mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes. SP-Sf also reduced the second phase of the formalin test and did not cause a significant antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test, suggesting that its antinociceptive action occurs through a peripheral mechanism. SP-Sf (1, 3 or 9mg/kg) did not show a significant anti-inflammatory effect in Wistar rats when administrated by the systemic route 1h before testing using carrageenan or dextran. Finally, SP-Sf (9mg/kg) did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated in mice