Partição de fotoassimilados, biometria e produção de frutos de melancieira sob alterações na relação fonte/dreno

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of biomass, plant biometrics and production of watermelon fruit submitted to changes in source and drain relations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the CCTA/UFCG, PB, Brazil, during the period from September to December, 2013. Seed of the cultivar “Crimson Sweet” were used and the treatments were allocated in 2x4 split plots, with four replications. Plots consisted of plants grown with different number of fruits (1 and 2) and the subplots with dominant stem pruning in different growing seasons (25, 30, 35 and 40 days after transplanting - DAT). Growth characteristics were evaluated. The modifications induced in watermelons by dominant stem pruning and fruit thinning provided changes in photoassimilate partitions and plant production. The modifications induced in watermelons by dominant stem pruning and fruit thinning provided changes in biomass accumulation , biometrics and the watermelon production of fruits. The thinning of plant’s drain (fruit) resulted in more dry mass accumulation of leaves when comparing to fruit, providing a higher total dry mass. Plants grown with two fruits presented the highest harvest index and the highest production, with reduced fruit size. The stem pruning of seedlings at 40 days after transplanting promoted a higher growth and production of watermelon fruits.Objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de fitomassa e a biometria de frutos de melancieira quando submetidas a alterações na relação fonte e o dreno. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do CCTA/UFCG, durante o período de setembro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Para isso, utilizaram-se sementes da cultivar “Crimson Sweet”. Os tratamentos foram alocados em parcelas subdivididas 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. As parcelas constaram da condução da planta com diferente número de frutos (1 e 2) e nas subparcelas da poda da haste dominante em diferentes épocas de cultivo (25, 30, 35 e 40 dias após o transplante - DAT). Foram avaliadas características de crescimento. As modificações induzidas na planta da melancieira por meio de podas da haste dominante e do raleio de frutos proporcionaram alterações no acúmulo de biomassa, na biometria e na produção de frutos de melancia. A diminuição do dreno preferencial na planta (fruto) resultou na elevação das massas secas da folha em relação ao fruto, e desta forma, proporcionando maior massa seca total. As plantas conduzidas com dois frutos obtiveram o maior índice de colheita e a maior produção, com frutos de tamanho reduzido. Realização da poda da haste dominante aos 40 dias após o transplantio das mudas promoveu incrementos no crescimento e produção dos frutos de melancieira

Phosphorus fertilization as an atenuant of the water stress in eggplant crop.

A água é um dos fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento agrícola, tanto pela falta, quanto pelo excesso, afetando o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a produção das plantas, em especial aquelas consideradas sensíveis, a exemplo da berinjela. Nesse sentido o uso de estratégias que viabilizem o seu cultivo, notadamente em regiões semiáridas, onde há potencial de cultivo e limitação de recursos hídricos. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de doses de fósforo como atenuante do estresse hídrico ocasionado por lâminas de irrigação no crescimento e na produção de frutos de berinjela. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no período de maio a setembro de 2016, usando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, onde se estudou cinco doses de fósforo, estabelecidas com base na recomendação para cultura (0,0%, 50%, 100%, 150% e 200% da recomendação) e duas lâminas de irrigação (50% e 100% ETr), perfazendo um esquema fatorial 2 x 5, totalizando 10 tratamentos, que foram repetidos em quatro bloco, com 12 plantas por parcela. As mudas de berinjela, cultivar Embú foram transplantadas aos 45 dias após a semeadura, em campo, usando-se o espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,60 m. A lâmina de 100% foi obtida por meio de estimativa da evapotranspiração usando a equação de Penman Monteith – FAO, com dados obtidos da estação agrometeorológica de São Gonçalo – Sousa – PB. Para aplicação das lâminas de água, usou-se um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, com emissores de 2,6 l h-1 de vazão, e espaçamento de 30 cm entre emissores, colocando-se uma fita gotejadora por linha de cultivo. Durante o período de cultivo, realizou-se o monitoramento da umidade do solo, por meio de tensiômetros instalados em cada tratamento a uma profundidade de 15 cm. Avaliou-se o crescimento por meio da altura de planta, do diâmetro do caule e do número de folhas; variáveis fisiológicas por meio das trocas gasosas e a produção das plantas. Adubação acima da recomendação não proporciona melhorias nas características avaliadas. A adubação próxima a 100% da recomendação teve as melhores respostas para a lâmina de 50% da ETr, onde níveis inferiores ou superiores de P interferiram negativamente na maioria das características avaliadas. Não foi observado interação entre os fatores avaliados (lâminas e doses), porém em condições de déficit hídrico, a adubação com 100% da recomendação proporcionou efeito atenuante do estresse. Em condições de déficit hídrico onde a água é um fator limitante para irrigação, recomenda-se uma adubação fosfatada adequada à cultura, no entanto a falta de água não pode ser totalmente contornada com a adubação fosfatada.Water is one of the limiting factors for agricultural development, both for lack and for excess, affecting growth, the development and production of plants, especially those considered sensitive. Such as eggplant, and it is important to use strategies that enable their cultivation, especially in semi-arid regions, where there is potential for cultivation and limitation of water resources. The objective of this study was to study the effect of phosphorus doses as attenuating water stress caused by irrigation slides on growth and physiology. The experiment was conducted at the AgroFood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, In the period from May to September 2016, using a randomized block design, where five phosphorus doses were studied, based on the recommendation for culture (0.0%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the recommendation) and two irrigation blades (50% and 100% ETr), making a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, totaling 10 treatments, which were repeated in four blocks, with 12 plants per plot. The eggplant seedlings, to grow Embú, were transplanted at 45 days after sowing, In the field, using the spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.60 m between plants, with the plot covering an area of 0.60 m2, being conducted up to 130 days after sowing, when the last Fruit harvest. As a 100% blade was obtained by estimating evapotranspiration using an equation of Penman Monteith - FAO, with data obtained from the São Gonçalo - Sousa - PB agrometeorological station. For application of the water slides, a drip irrigation system was used, with emitters of 2.6 l h-1 of flow, and spacing of 30 cm between emitters, placing a drip tape per culture line. During the cultivation period, the soil moisture was monitored by tensiometers installed in each treatment at a depth of 15 cm. Growth was evaluated by plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves; Physiological variables through gaseous changes, fruit quality variables, through physical and chemical analyzes of the fruits and the production of the plants. Fertilization above the recommendation does not provide improvements in the evaluated characteristics. Fertilization close to 100% of the recommendation had the best responses for the 50% ETr slide, where lower or higher levels of P interfered negatively in most of the characteristics evaluated. No interaction was observed between the factors evaluated (slides and doses), but under conditions of water deficit, fertilization with 100% of the recommendation provided an attenuating effect of stress. In conditions of water deficit where water is a limiting factor for irrigation, it is recommended a phosphate fertilization appropriate to the crop, however the lack of water cannot be completely bypassed with phosphate fertilization

Biomass accumulation, plant biometrics and fruit production of watermelon according to changes in source/drain relations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of biomass, plant biometrics and production of watermelon fruit submitted to changes in source and drain relations. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the CCTA/UFCG, PB, Brazil, during the period from September to December, 2013. Seed of the cultivar “Crimson Sweet” were used and the treatments were allocated in 2x4 split plots, with four replications. Plots consisted of plants grown with different number of fruits (1 and 2) and the subplots with dominant stem pruning in different growing seasons (25, 30, 35 and 40 days after transplanting - DAT). Growth characteristics were evaluated. The modifications induced in watermelons by dominant stem pruning and fruit thinning provided changes in photoassimilate partitions and plant production. The modifications induced in watermelons by dominant stem pruning and fruit thinning provided changes in biomass accumulation , biometrics and the watermelon production of fruits. The thinning of plant’s drain (fruit) resulted in more dry mass accumulation of leaves when comparing to fruit, providing a higher total dry mass. Plants grown with two fruits presented the highest harvest index and the highest production, with reduced fruit size. The stem pruning of seedlings at 40 days after transplanting promoted a higher growth and production of watermelon fruits.Objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de fitomassa e a biometria de frutos de melancieira quando submetidas a alterações na relação fonte e o dreno. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do CCTA/UFCG, durante o período de setembro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Para isso, utilizaram-se sementes da cultivar “Crimson Sweet”. Os tratamentos foram alocados em parcelas subdivididas 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. As parcelas constaram da condução da planta com diferente número de frutos (1 e 2) e nas subparcelas da poda da haste dominante em diferentes épocas de cultivo (25, 30, 35 e 40 dias após o transplante - DAT). Foram avaliadas características de crescimento. As modificações induzidas na planta da melancieira por meio de podas da haste dominante e do raleio de frutos proporcionaram alterações no acúmulo de biomassa, na biometria e na produção de frutos de melancia. A diminuição do dreno preferencial na planta (fruto) resultou na elevação das massas secas da folha em relação ao fruto, e desta forma, proporcionando maior massa seca total. As plantas conduzidas com dois frutos obtiveram o maior índice de colheita e a maior produção, com frutos de tamanho reduzido. Realização da poda da haste dominante aos 40 dias após o transplantio das mudas promoveu incrementos no crescimento e produção dos frutos de melancieira

The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles