Omaishoitajien toiveet ja odotukset hoitopaikalle lakisääteisten vapaapäivien ajaksi

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää millaisia toiveita ja odotuksia omaishoitajilla oli hoitopaikalle, jossa heidän omaishoidettavaansa hoidetaan lakisääteisten vapaapäivien ajan. Halusimme tietää myös oliko yhteistyökumppanimme Kaislakoti Oy tuttu hoivapaikkana omaishoitajille, jotka osallistuivat tutkimukseemme. Tutkimustyyppi on kvalitatiivinen. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla kuutta omaishoitajaa teemahaastattelumenetelmällä. Haastateltavat pyydettiin Hiiden Seudun Omaishoitajayhdistyksen toimesta järjestetyistä tilaisuuksista, joihin osallistuimme. Haastattelut tehtiin 2013 alkuvuodesta. Jaoimme myös 30 puolistrukturoitua kyselylomaketta täytettäväksi omaishoitajille. Kyselylomakkeista palautui 11 kappaletta. Tutkimustuloksista kävi ilmi, että omaishoitajat toivoivat hoitopaikalta aktivoivaa toimintaa hoidettavalleen, jotta tämän toimintakyky ei heikentyisi hoitojakson aikana. Tärkeäksi koettiin myös kuntouttava toiminta ja palveluiden monipuolisuus, joiden tulisi olla muokattavissa vastaamaan jokaisen henkilökohtaisia tarpeita. Hoitopaikan tärkeimpinä kriteereinä pidettiin sen kodinomaisuutta, turvallisuutta ja viihtyisyyttä. Omaishoitajat odottivat hoitopaikalta täysihoitoa, jossa heidän hoidettavansa otettaisiin kokonaisvaltaisesti huomioon. Omaishoitajat tunsivat tarvitsevansa tukea tilanteissa, joissa heidän oma toimijuutensa ja terveydentilansa heikentyy. Tutkimustuloksista selvisi, että omaishoitajien jaksamista tukevia muotoja ovat loma ja mahdollisuus saada luotettava ja turvallinen sijaishoitopaikka nopeasti. Työelämäkumppanimme Kaislakoti ei ollut tunnettu kuin parin omaishoitajan kohdalla. Tutkimustulostemme pohjalta Kaislakoti voi kehittää tulevaisuudessa tunnettavuuttaan ja pystyy koordinoimaan toimintaansa omaishoitajien toiveita vastaavaksi. Avainsanat Omaishoito, vapaapäivät, omaishoitajien toiveet, sijaishoitoThe purpose of the study was to determine what kinds of wishes and expectations the caregivers had pertaining the home of elderly care, where their care recipients are being taken care of during statutory holidays. Furthermore, we wanted to know whether the caregivers were familiar with our partner Kaislakoti Oy as a care center. The research method was qualitative. The data was collected by interviewing six caregivers using a thematic interview method. The interviewees were recruited at the events organized by the Association of Caregivers of Hiiden’s Region. We held the interviews at the beginning of the year 2013. We also handed out 30 semi-structured questionnaires to be filled out by the caregivers. Eleven of the questionnaires were returned. The results of the study indicated that caregivers wish their care recipient refreshing activi-ties so that the care recipient’s performance would not deteriorate during the course of treatment. Rehabilitative activities and the versatility of services were also viewed as im-portant, and both should be flexible in order to meet every care recipient’s personal needs. The most important criteria of a home for elderly care were, according to the interviewees, homeliness, safety, and comfort. The caregivers expect full care where their care recipients would be comprehensively tak-en into consideration. The results showed that factors supporting the caregiver’s endur-ance are for example vacation and the fact that it’s fast and easy to get a reliable and safe substitute home of elderly care for their care recipient. Our partner Kaislakoti was not well-known amongst the caregivers as only two of them recognized it. Based on the results of our study Kaislakoti can develop it’s recognition in the future and is able to coordinate its actions to meet the expectations of the caregivers. Keywords Caring, Wishes of the Caregivers, Home of Elderly Car

Structure and mineralogy of a gold ore body of shear zone origin: the Fosas de Vila ore. La Coruña. Spain

This paper studies a shear zone containing a gold-bearing milonitic body, in which, evidences of several mining works are still visible. The geometry of the structure is described, as well as the different evolutive stages of the milonitic body and the mineralizations associated with them.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEpu

Electronically Tunable Phase Response for Phased array Patches

The design and prototyping of radiating elements with tunable phase response, for reconfigurable patch array antennas, is presented. Different options are found in the technical literature to obtain feasible reconfigurable array antennas: placing the active circuitry in the transmission lines or directly over the radiating element, obtaining the desired phase shift for each radiating element of the array. In this reported work, the second option is selected and active radiating elements at 12 GHz are designed and prototyped

Genetic characterization of the mexican hair-less pig by means of molecular markers

Long time ago the Mexican Hair-less pig has been considered as a not improved and not valuable ecotype, nevertheless there are few information about the genetics of their populations. In this work we are determining the genetic variability that could exist in the population of Hair-less pigs existing in the rural areas of the Mexican state of Yucatan, as well as in the population of animals, belonging to the center of genetic conservation of the Agricultural Technological Institute N.2. The experiment was divided in two phases, one on the field and another in the laboratory. On one hand, 102 samples were obtained (69 of blood and 33 of hair) from both populations. In the laboratory the DNA was extracted and was amplified by means of the Polimerase Chain Reaction to study 26 microsatellites recommended by the FAO/ISAG for studies of genetic diversity. The alleles number was analyzed, the frequencies alleles, the hetererozygosity (Genepop version programs 3,1c) and the content of polymorphic information (PIC). We observe as in the population coming from the state of Yucatan all the loci were polymorphic, with an average of 7,07 alleles. We also observe that the loci S0355, S0227 are homozygotic. In the population of animals coming from the rescue center most of the loci were polymorphic with the exception of the S0355 and S0215 that were homozygotic, with an alleles average of 3,65. The PIC also reflect the polymorphism detected in most of the locus in both populations. These results are similar to those obtained with different varieties of Iberian pig. According to this, we can consider that the population of hair-less pigs in the state of Yucatan represents a source of genetic variability that could be of utility in the future.Desde tiempos atrás al Cerdo Pelón Mexicano se le ha considerado como un biotipo no mejorado y sin atributos comerciales, no obstante se carece de información sobre la genética de sus poblaciones. En este trabajo se pretende determinar la variabilidad genética que existe en la población de cerdos del biotipo Pelón que se encuentra en las áreas rurales del estado Mexicano de Yucatán, así como en la población perteneciente al centro de conservación genética que se tiene para este biotipo en el Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario Nº 2. En la fase de campo se obtuvieron 102 muestras (69 de sangre y 33 de pelo) en ambas poblaciones. En la fase de laboratorio se extrajo el ADN de cada una de las muestras por la técnica del Chelex y fueron amplificadas por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para estudiar 26 microsatélites recomendados por la FAO/ISAG para estudios de diversidad genética en porcinos. Se analizó el número de alelos, las frecuencias alélicas, las heterocigosidad (Genepop versión 3,1c) y el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC). Se observó que en los animales procedentes del estado de Yucatán todos los loci fueron polimórficos, con un promedio de 7,07, también que existen 2 alelos que son homocigotos para dos locis diferentes (S0355, S0227). En la población de animales procedentes del centro de rescate la mayoría de los loci fueron polimórficos a excepción del S0355 y S0215 que resultaron homocigotos, con un promedio de 3,65 alelos. Así mismo la heterocigosidad y el PIC reflejan el polimorfismo detectado en la mayoría de los locus en ambas poblaciones. Estos resultados son similares a los de otros autores en diferentes variedades de cerdo Ibérico. La población de cerdos pelones del estado de Yucatán son una fuente importante de variabilidad genética que puede ser de utilidad en un futuro inmediato

Self-assembly of Clicked Star-Shaped Triazines into Functional Nanostructures

Two non-amphiphilic star-shaped 2, 4, 6-tris(1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl)-1, 3, 5-triazines showing different behavior in terms of self-assembly and luminescent properties are described. They aggregate in the liquid phase to form low-dimensional nanostructures with a variety of morphologies, such as spherical particles, one-hole hollow spheres, toroids, twisted fibers or helical nanotubes, just by varying the conditions of a straightforward reprecipitation method. Aggregation has an opposite effect concerning the fluorescent properties of the proposed compounds, either causing the enhancement or the quenching of the emission after the self-assembly. Quantum chemical calculations have been also performed to assist in the structural and electronic characterization of the two star-shaped compounds

Costes de las inoculaciones accidentales en personal sanitario de un hospital

ResumenObjetivosEl objetivo de este estudio es calcular el coste medio a que asciende cada seguimiento de hepatitis B, C y VIH en el personal sanitario que ha sufrido una inoculación accidental, desagregar el coste en dependencia del estado serológico de la fuente e identificar los apartados que influyen en mayor grado en la cuantía de este resultado.MétodosSe realizó una descripción de costes. El programa post-exposición se modelizó en un árbol de decisión que combinaba probabilidades (porcentaje de cada tipo de fuente en función de su positividad a los tres virus e inmunización del accidentado frente a hepatitis B) y costes monetarios (pesetas del año 1994). Estos costes fueron: personal, laboratorio, farmacia, energéticos, limpieza, teléfono, material médico y de oficina, amortización y pérdidas productivas. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad en función del cumplimiento real del programa.ResultadosEl coste medio de cada inoculación fue de 39.564 ptas. (29.750 ptas. aplicando el análisis de sensibilidad), con un rango desde las 86.864 ptas. (fuente positiva a los tres virus y accidentado no inmunizado) a las 23.074 ptas. (fuente negativa a los tres virus). Si la fuente era hepatitis B positiva, el coste medio fue de 86.093 ptas. cuando el accidentado no estaba inmunizado y de 53.232 si lo estaba. La mayor parte del coste residió en las pruebas serológicas (rango del 72,8% al 87,7%).ConclusionesEl alto coste sugiere una evaluación adecuada del riesgo con el fin de evitar seguimientos innecesarios. El modelo utilizado permite conocer el coste de cada episodio potencialmente evitable y puede aplicarse en cualquier hospital con el objetivo de evaluar económicamente nuevos dispositivos preventivos.SummaryObjectivesThe aim of this study was to calculate the average cost of each hepatitis B, C and HIV follow-up carried out in the health personnel that have suffered an exposure to blood and body fluids and to estimate the cost for each of the different types of sources as wall as to identify the items that account for the main part of the cost.MethodsA cost analysis was carried out. The post-exposure programme was modelled in a decision tree combining probabilities (percentage of each type of source in dependence of its positivity for the three viruses and immunization state of the health personnel against hepatitis B) and monetary costs (pesetas from 1994). Costs included: salaries, laboratory, chemist, energy, cleaning, telephone, medical and office equipment, amortization and lost productivity. A sensitivity analysis was carried out with the real fulfillment of the programme.ResultsThe average cost was 39,564 ptas. (29,750 ptas. applying the sensitivity analysis), with a range from 86,864 ptas. (source positive for the three viruses and injured subject not immunized) to 23,074 ptas. (source negative for the three viruses). If the source was hepatitis B positive, the average cost was 86,093 ptas. when the injured subject was not immunized and 53,232 ptas. if he was immunized. Serologic tests account for the main part of the cost (range from 72.8% to 87.7%).ConclusionsHigh cost suggests an appropiate risk evaluation in order to avoid unnecessary follow-ups. The model used allows to know the cost of each potentially avoided episode and it could be used for any hospital in order to make an economical evaluation of new preventive devices

A review on the development of visible light-responsive WO3-based photocatalysts for environmental applications

The use of semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising, green, and sustainable technology to address solar energy conversion and environmental remediation issues. Among photocatalytically active semiconductors, considerable attention has been given to the visible-light active tungsten oxide (WO3, Eg value ≈ 2.7–3.1 eV). This semiconductor has several advantages: strong absorption in the visible spectrum range, stability in acidic and oxidative conditions, low cost, and low toxicity. However, WO3 presents fast recombination of charge carriers’ and exhibits low photocatalytic activity for reduction reactions due to its conduction band potential (+0.5 V versus NHE). Many strategies have been applied to enhance photocatalytic activity and solar energy utilization of WO3 by modifying the energy band position and reducing the charge carrier recombination. In this review, several approaches, such as designing with exposed facets and specific morphologies, doping with transition metals and non-metals, deposition of noble metals, and heterojunction construction, are summarized. Moreover, the photocatalytic properties of the reviewed WO3-based photocatalysts are discussed based on their environmental applications such as degradation of organic pollutants, air purification, CO2 photoreduction, hydrogen production from water splitting and recently, simultaneous wastewater treatment and electric energy generation by photocatalytic fuel cells. Finally, the summary, future perspectives, and challenges of design novel WO3-based photocatalysts with high efficiency are pointed out to meet the urgent demands of highly efficient technologies that use visible or solar energy for environmental applications