Biroturystyka jako nowy trend turystyczny w Warszawie

The remaining part of the paper presents different forms of beer tourism which tourists can meet in Warsaw. Additionally the paper presents pilot study related to perception of beer tourism in the capital. After analysing the results it can be stated that beer tourism is well received phenomenon. Unfortunately most of respondents did not participate in this new tourist trend although they want to. In the opinion of bloggers Warsaw can be attractive to beer tourists

Análise dos efeitos do treinamento muscular na aptidão física de índivíduos adultos do sexo masculino

Orientador: Wagner de CamposMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Físic

Spatio-temporal variability in underwater light climate in a turbid river-floodplain system. Driving factors and estimation using Secchi disc

The underwater light climate has important effects on primary producers. The aim of this research was to evaluate its variability in a turbid river-floodplain system. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured in the Middle Paraná River during different hydrological phases to (a) analyse the photosynthetically active radiation attenuation coefficient (k) and euphotic depth (Zeu) as well as their associations with optically active components and (b) develop and evaluate indices and regression models based on Secchi disc (SD) measurements to estimate k and Zeu. Values of k were higher in the fluvial system than in the floodplain and during low-water stage than high-water stage. Particulate components controlled the light climate variability. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a had significant effects during floods. The estimation of k and Zeu was sensitive to temporal but not to spatial variations. The highest prediction accuracy was observed when using specific non-linear regressions for each hydrological phase, especially for Zeu estimation (low stage: k = 1.76 × SD−0.80, Zeu = 2.62 × 1/SD−0.80; high stage: k = 2.04 × SD−0.53, Zeu = 2.26 × 1/SD−0.53). The indices k × SD and Zeu/SD were significantly different from those proposed for clear water environments. It is concluded that temporal variations should be considered when estimating k and Zeu in turbid river-floodplain systems because of the temporal heterogeneity in optically active components. Considering that ecological implication of the light climate depends on Zeu:depth ratio, we propose to estimate Zeu instead of k. Finally, indices proposed for clear water environments are not recommended to be applied to turbid environments.Fil: Mayora, Gisela Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Devercelli, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentin

Bringing methanotrophy in rivers out of the shadows

Methane oxidation produces biomass that is a potential source of particulate carbon for consumers, and is in addition to photosynthetic production. We assessed methanotrophy and photosynthetic production under differing conditions of light and methane concentration. We measured methane oxidation and photosynthesis in gravel sediments from adjacent shaded and unshaded stretches of 15 chalk rivers in southern England, and also in 30 artificial channels in which we manipulated light and methane experimentally. The capacity for methane oxidation was 78% higher in the shade than unshaded areas, indicating a denser, or more active, methanotrophic assemblage on shaded riverbeds, and the difference was most pronounced when methane concentration was high. Across the 15 rivers, methanotrophic production ranged from 16 to 650 nmol C cm−2 d−1 and net photosynthetic production from 256 to 35,750 nmol C cm−2 d−1. The relative importance of methanotrophy to their total production (i.e., photosynthetic and methanotrophic) increased with methane concentration and ranged from 0.1–2.4% and 0.2–13% in unshaded and shaded areas, respectively. Over an annual cycle in one river, the response of the methanotrophs in the shade to a high summer methane concentration was ∼ five times greater than in the open; in winter, there was no effect of shading on methane oxidation. The response of methanotrophy to shading and methane concentration in the artificial channels resembled that found in the rivers. Methanotrophy makes a non-negligible (here up to ∼ 13%) contribution to particulate carbon production in these streams, is disproportionately greater in the shade, and constitutes a distinct carbon pathway available for their food webs

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

peer reviewedWe report a data-set of CO2, CH4, and N2O concentrations in the surface waters of the Meuse river network in Belgium, obtained during four surveys covering 50 stations (summer 2013 and late winter 2013, 2014 and 2015), from yearly cycles in four rivers of variable size and catchment land cover, and from 111 groundwater samples. Surface waters of the Meuse river network were over-saturated in CO2, CH4, N2O with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, acting as sources of these greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, although the dissolved gases also showed marked seasonal and spatial variations. Seasonal variations were related to changes in freshwater discharge following the hydrological cycle, with highest concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O during low water owing to a longer water residence time and lower currents (i.e. lower gas transfer velocities), both contributing to the accumulation of gases in the water column, combined with higher temperatures favourable to microbial processes. Inter-annual differences of discharge also led to differences in CH4 and N2O that were higher in years with prolonged low water periods. Spatial variations were mostly due to differences in land cover over the catchments, with systems dominated by agriculture (croplands and pastures) having higher CO2, CH4, N2O levels than forested systems. This seemed to be related to higher levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen in agriculture dominated systems compared to forested ones. Groundwater had very low CH4 concentrations in the shallow and unconfined aquifers (mostly fractured limestones) of the Meuse basin, hence, should not contribute significantly to the high CH4 levels in surface riverine waters. Owing to high dissolved concentrations, groundwater could potentially transfer important quantities of CO2 and N2O to surface waters of the Meuse basin, although this hypothesis remains to be tested

Multidimensional analysis of the procurement of funds by EU Member States under Measure 132 PROW 2007-2013

Zapewnienie wysokiej jakości i bezpieczeństwa żywności stało się jednym z priorytetów Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej prowadzonej zarówno na poziomie Unii Europejskiej, jak i poszczególnych państw do niej wchodzących, w tym Polski. W związku z tym w Programie Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2007–2013 zostało zaproponowane działanie 132 mające na celu specjalne wsparcie dla producentów pierwotnych uczestniczących w unijnych i krajowych systemach jakości żywności. W artykule wykorzystano wielowymiarową analizę wsparcia finansowego, pozwalającą poznać aktywność grup producentów rolnych w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich realizujących działanie 132 „Uczestnictwo rolników w systemach jakości żywności”.Ensuring high quality and food safety has become one of the priorities of the Common Agricultural Policy both at the European Union and individual countries within it, including Poland. Therefore, in the Rural Development Programme for 2007–2013 has been proposed in Measure 132 to a special support for primary producers participating in the EU and national food systems. The article presents the results of a multidimensional analysis of financial support, which reveal the level of activity of agricultural producer groups in various Member States in procuring funds under Measure 132 „Participation of farmers in food quality systems”

Wielowymiarowa analiza pozyskiwania środków finansowych w ramach działania 132 PROW 2007-2013 przez kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej

Ensuring high quality and food safety has become one of the priorities of the Common Agricultural Policy both at the European Union and individual countries within it, including Poland. Therefore, in the Rural Development Programme for 2007–2013 has been proposed in Measure 132 to a special support for primary producers participating in the EU and national food systems. The article presents the results of a multidimensional analysis of financial support, which reveal the level of activity of agricultural producer groups in various Member States in procuring funds under Measure 132 „Participation of farmers in food quality systems”. / Synopsis. Zapewnienie wysokiej jakości i bezpieczeństwa żywności stało się jednym z priorytetów Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej prowadzonej zarówno na poziomie Unii Europejskiej, jak i poszczególnych państw do niej wchodzących, w tym Polski. W związku z tym w Programie Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2007–2013 zostało zaproponowane działanie 132 mające na celu specjalne wsparcie dla producentów pierwotnych uczestniczących w unijnych i krajowych systemach jakości żywności. W artykule wykorzystano wielowymiarową analizę wsparcia finansowego, pozwalającą poznać aktywność grup producentów rolnych w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich realizujących działanie 132 „Uczestnictwo rolników w systemach jakości żywności”

Determinanty popytu usług agroturystycznych

The article attempts to determine the main determinants of agritourism services among tourists from Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Recently, the number of labor immigrants from Ukraine has grown sharply and they are being noticed not only as employees but also as consumers. The purpose of the work was to determine the main determinants affecting the perception of agritourism. The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire. The results presented are based on 250 respondents. The main features taken into consideration during the selection of agrotourism services were indicated. The examined features are presented in a four-level scale, which allows to more precisely divide users of agritourism services. / Synopsis. W artykule podjęto próbę określenia głównych determinant usług agroturystycznych wśród turystów z Polski oraz Ukrainy i Białorusi. W ostatnim czasie grupa imigrantów zarobkowych z Ukrainy gwałtownie wzrosła i zaczęto zauważać ich nie tylko jako pracowników ale także konsumentów. Celem pracy było określenie głównych determinant wpływających na postrzeganie agroturystyki. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w formie kwestionariusza ankiety. Przedstawione wyniki opierają się na 250 respondentach. Wskazane zostały główne cechy brane pod uwagę podczas wyboru usług agroturystycznych. Badane cechy są przedstawione w czterostopniowej skali co pozwala w szczegółach dokładniej podzielić turystów usług agroturystycznych

Distribution of agricultural tourism services by auction portal Allegro.pl

W artykule podjęto próbę oszacowania wielkości podaży ofert noclegów w gospodarstwach agroturystycznych oraz ich regionalnego rozmieszczenia. Wyznaczono podstawowe statystyki cen oraz liczebności aukcji. Wykonano porównanie regionalnego rozmieszczenia ofert. W badaniach wykorzystano autorski programu w języku VBA pracujący w środowisku Excel.This article attempts to estimate the volume of the supply offers accommodation on a farm and their regional distribution. They were basic price statistics and the number of auctions Examined the regional distribution of bids. The study used the original VBA work In Excel environment