A articulação de ideias e experiências na formulação da política territorial de desenvolvimento rural brasileira

The article examines the strategic action of activists who shape the policy community of territorial discussion in Brazil highlighting the role of ideas and the experience contributed by these actors in the federal government that began in 2003, culminating in with the formulation of the development policy of rural territories. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of US and French. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of North American and French contributions, the public policy community and the cognitive approach, respectively. The article brings together the trajectories, experiences and ideas of the actors who participated in the management of the Secretariat for Territorial Development (SDT) in PT governments, researchers on the theme of rural development and representatives of social movements. This information was collected through in-depth interviews, research on newspaper sites and reading of the minutes of the National Council for Sustainable Rural Development. The main conclusions indicate that these militants, when integrating the policy community responsible for the adoption of a new global framework, decisively influenced the foundations and outlines of public policies for rural development in Brazil.El artículo examina la acción estratégica de los activistas que formaron la comunidad política de la discusión territorial rural en Brasil, destacando el papel de las ideas y experiencias aportadas por estos actores en la gestión federal iniciada en 2003, que culminó en la formulación de la política de desarrollo de los territorios rurales. Entre las diferentes perspectivas teóricas, elegimos utilizar la interfaz de las contribuciones de América del Norte y Francia, la comunidad de políticas públicas y el enfoque cognitivo, respectivamente. El artículo reúne las trayectorias, experiencias e ideas de los actores que participaron en la gestión de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Territorial (SDT) en los gobiernos del PT, investigadores sobre el tema del desarrollo rural y representantes de los movimientos sociales. En términos de procedimientos metodológicos, adoptamos una combinación que comprende investigación bibliográfica, investigación documental e investigación de campo (entrevistas semiestructuradas). Las principales conclusiones indican que estos militantes, al integrar la comunidad de políticas públicas, fueron responsables de la adopción de un nuevo marco global, influyeron decisivamente en los fundamentos y los contornos de las políticas públicas para el desarrollo rural en Brasil.O artigo examina a ação estratégica de ativistas que conformaram a comunidade política da discussão territorial rural no Brasil, evidenciando o papel das ideias e das experiências aportadas por esses atores na gestão federal iniciada em 2003, culminando com a formulação da política de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais. Dentre as distintas perspectivas teóricas, optamos por utilizar a interface de contribuições norte-americanas e francesas, de comunidade de políticas públicas e da abordagem cognitiva, respectivamente. O artigo reúne trajetórias, experiências e as ideias dos atores que participaram da gestão da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Territorial (SDT) nos governos petistas, pesquisadores da temática do desenvolvimento rural e de representantes de movimentos sociais. Essas informações foram coletadas através de entrevistas em profundidade, pesquisas em sites de jornais e leitura das atas do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. As principais conclusões indicam que esses militantes, ao integrarem a comunidade de políticas públicas responsável pela adoção de um novo referencial global, influenciaram de forma decisiva os fundamentos e os contornos das políticas públicas de desenvolvimento rural no Brasil

A APLICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DA COCULPABILIDADE COMO ATENUANTE GENÉRICA DO ART. 66 DO CÓDIGO PENAL À LUZ DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DOS TRIBUNAIS DE JUSTIÇA BRASILEIROS

The Co-guilt Theory, invoked, at first, by the argentine Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, aims to share the responsibility of the individual who commits a crime in certain circumstances, so that the agent has his guilt lessened, or even removed, on account of social and State failures that led him to practice the crime. This study aims to analyze the position of Brazilian Courts of Justice about the (in) applicability of State’s Co-guilt Theory while a generic mitigating circumstance of the article 66 of the Brazilian Criminal Code. The case study of the 27 (twenty seven) courts about the theme aims to subsidize an analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively of these courts decisions and their respective reasoning in light of what the author of this theory teaches, as well as the role of the Judiciary as an independent and harmonic power next to the Legislative and the Executive.A Teoria da Coculpabilidade, invocada, a princípio, pelo argentino Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, objetiva partilhar a responsabilidade do indivíduo que comete um delito em determinadas circunstâncias, de modo que o agente tenha sua culpabilidade diminuída, ou até mesmo afastada, em razão das falhas sociais e estatais que, comprovadamente, o levaram a incorrer na atitude criminosa. O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de analisar a posição dos tribunais de justiça brasileiros acerca da (in)aplicabilidade da Teoria da Coculpabilidade do Estado enquanto atenuante genérica do art. 66 do Código Penal. O estudo jurisprudencial das 27 (vinte e sete) cortes do País acerca do tema objetiva subsidiar uma análise tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa das decisões destes tribunais e de seus respectivos fundamentos à luz do que leciona o autor da referida teoria, bem como do papel do Judiciário enquanto poder independente e harmônico ao lado do Legislativo e do Executivo

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STREAMFLOWS AND PRECIPITATIONS IN ITAPEMIRIM RIVER BASIN

ThThe present paper analyzed the relationship between streamflow and rainfall at the stream of Itapemirim River Watershed (BHRI). The minimum streamflow with duration of seven days (Q7), the average annual streamflow (Qmed) and the annual maximum streamflow (Qmax) of 11 BHRI’s sub-basins were determined. Trends in rainfall and streamflow series were analyzed with Mann-Kandall and Pettitt nonparametric tests. Regression analysis between rainfall and streamflow were established. Results showed no trends on rainfall and Q7 series. Trends in Qmed were found only at one sub-basin and trends in Qmax were found in two sub-basins. The total rainfall was correlated with the streamflow of all the sub-basins. It has been found that annual rainfall amount (Pa) explained considerably variations in Qmed and Q7. Rainfall amounts of the rainiest month (Pmax) showed good correlation to Qmax

Crumpling a Thin Sheet

Crumpled sheets have a surprisingly large resistance to further compression. We have studied the crumpling of thin sheets of Mylar under different loading conditions. When placed under a fixed compressive force, the size of a crumpled material decreases logarithmically in time for periods up to three weeks. We also find hysteretic behavior when measuring the compression as a function of applied force. By using a pre-treating protocol, we control this hysteresis and find reproducible scaling behavior for the size of the crumpled material as a function of the applied force.Comment: revtex 4 pages, 6 eps figures submitted to Phys Rev. let

Patients with multiple sclerosis do not necessarily consume more alcohol or tobacco than the general population

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Congenital defects and exposure to pesticides in São Francisco Valley

PURPOSE: to evaluate associations between parental exposure to pesticides and births with congenital defects in São Francisco Valley, as well as the demographic profile and the defects found. METHODS: in this case-control study, each case (newborns with congenital defects) had two controls (healthy newborns). The subjects were born in the city of Petrolina, in São Francisco Valley, in 2009. The sample consisted of 42 cases and 84 controls. Data were gathered by a structured questionnaire adapted from Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), with the addition of questions related to exposure to pesticides, analysis of the medical records and contact with the hospital's pediatrician. The χ2 test was performed with a significance level of 5% to identify the variables with the greatest differences between case and control groups. Odds Ratio (OR) for the sample was calculated, as well as the OR obtained by logistic regression analysis, and finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: there was a greater exposure to pesticides during pregnancy in infants with congenital defects compared to healthy subjects. Increased risk was observed when at least one parent was exposed to pesticides (adjusted OR = 1.3; 95%CI = 0.4 - 3.9). The sociodemographic variables associated with congenital defects were: low school level, low weight, prematurity, young parents, chronic diseases, and physical factors. Multiple malformations and defects of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems were more frequently found. CONCLUSIONS: the present study suggests an association between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of congenital defects, although the data were not significant.OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação entre a exposição dos genitores aos agrotóxicos e nascimentos com defeitos congênitos no Vale do São Francisco, bem como o perfil sociodemográfico e os defeitos encontrados. MÉTODOS: estudo tipo caso-controle, sendo que para cada caso (recém-nascido com defeito congênito), eram dois controles (recém-nascidos saudáveis) nascidos na cidade de Petrolina, no Vale do São Francisco, em 2009. A amostra constou de 42 casos e 84 controles. Os dados formam colhidos com uso de questionário estruturado, adaptado do Estudo Colaborativo Latino-Americano de Malformações Congênitas (ECLAMC), acrescido de questões relacionadas à exposição aos agrotóxicos, análise do prontuário e contato com a pediatra do hospital. Foi realizado o teste do χ2 com nível de significância de 5% para identificar as variáveis com maiores diferenças entre os grupos caso e controle. Em seguida, foi calculado o Odds Ratio (OR) amostral, bem como o OR obtido por análise de regressão logística e, finalmente, realizou-se uma análise de regressão logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: houve maior exposição aos agrotóxicos durante a gestação em neonatos com defeitos congênitos se comparados aos saudáveis. Maior risco foi observado quando pelo menos um dos genitores foi exposto aos agrotóxicos (OR ajustado = 1,3; IC95% = 0,4-3,9). As variáveis sociodemográficas associadas aos defeitos congênitos foram: baixa escolaridade, baixo peso, prematuridade, genitores jovens, doenças crônicas e fatores físicos. Foram encontrados com maior frequência os polimalformados e os defeitos dos sistemas musculoesquelético e nervoso. CONCLUSÃO: o presente estudo, a despeito de não apresentar significância, sugere associação entre a exposição aos agrotóxicos e a ocorrência de defeitos congênitos.Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Colegiado de Enfermagem Disciplina de Bases MorfofisiológicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Cirurgia PediátricaUniversidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoHospital Memorial de PetrolinaUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Colegiado de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Cirurgia PediátricaSciEL

Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and interrelationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 41 men (mean age 41.1±9.9 years) with MS from February 2011 to March 2013, who were invited to participate irrespective of the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms or sexual dysfunction. Neurological impairment was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated with the International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire, and sexual dysfunction was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function. All patients underwent transabdominal urinary tract sonography and urine culture. RESULTS: The mean disease duration was 10.5±7.3 years. Neurological evaluation showed a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3 [2-6]. The median International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire score was 17 [10-25]. The median International Index of Erectile Function score was 29 [15-46]. Twentynine patients (74.4%) had sexual dysfunction as defined by an International Index of Erectile Function score o45. Voiding dysfunction and sexual dysfunction increased with the degree of neurological impairment (r=0.02 [0.02 to 0.36] p=0.03 and r=-0.41 [-0.65 to -0.11] p=0.008, respectively). Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction also displayed a significant correlation (r=-0.31 [-0.56 to -0.01] p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most male patients with MS have lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction. The severity of the neurological disease is a predictive factor for the occurrence of voiding and sexual dysfunctions

Concepto de comunicación em la formación de terapeuta del habla em educación pública em Rio Grande do Sul

A área da saúde passa por constantes transformações no seu modelo de atenção ao cuidado. A comunicação está fortemente interligada a estes processos, potencializando e contribuindo com o aprimoramento das relações estabelecidas, tanto pelo mundo do trabalho na saúde, quanto na formação de profissionais da área. Este estudo tem como objeto a formação do profissional Fonoaudiólogo, oriundo de três Instituições de Ensino Superior (IESs) Federais do Rio Grande Sul, apresentadas como: IES A, IES B e IES C. Objetiva verificar a existência do conceito e do significado atribuído à comunicação nos documentos norteadores do ensino da Fonoaudiologia por meio de uma análise de conteúdo nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCNs) e no Perfil do Egresso (PE) contido nos Projetos Pedagógicos Curriculares (PPCs). O estudo apresentou a frequência do vocábulo “comunicação” em cada documento estudado (DCN n=19; PE n=5) correlacionando os termos com os trechos elucidados no texto. A classificação polissêmica encontrada indicou seis aplicações distintas do termo no corpus da IES A e da IES B: presente em títulos e tópicos, atribuído à expressão “comunicação humana”, associado à expressão “tecnologias de comunicação e informação”, vinculado à expressão “comunicação verbal e não verbal”, associado a habilidades de liderança, relacionados a comunicação com pacientes, responsáveis e profissionais de outras áreas. Verificou-se a ausência do termo no PE da IES C. Foi possível também perceber discrepâncias conceituais nas DCNs, no que diz respeito ao entendimento da comunicação enquanto habilidade e não como uma competência profissional.The health area is undergoing constant changes in its model of care. Communication is strongly interconnected to these processes, enhancing and contributing to the improvement of the relationships established, both in the world of health work and in the training of professionals in the area. This study has as its object the formation of the professional Speech-Language Pathologist, from three Federal Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Rio Grande Sul, presented as: HEI A, HEI B and HEI C. It aims to verify the existence of the concept and the meaning attributed to the communication in the guiding documents of Speech Therapy teaching through a content analysis in the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs) and in the Graduate Profile (PE) contained in the Curricular Pedagogical Projects (PPCs). The study presented the frequency of the word “communication” in each document studied (DCN n=19; PE n=5) correlating the terms with the excerpts elucidated in the text. The polysemic classification found indicated six different applications of the term in the corpus of HEI A and HEI B: present in titles and topics, attributed to the expression "human communication", associated with the expression "communication and information technologies", linked to the expression "verbal communication" and non-verbal”, associated with leadership skills, related to communication with patients, guardians and professionals from other areas. There was an absence of the term in the PE of IES C. It was also possible to notice conceptual discrepancies in the DCNs, with regard to the understanding of communication as a skill and not as a professional competence.El área de la salud está experimentando constantes cambios en su modelo de atención. La comunicación está fuertemente interconectada con estos procesos, potenciando y contribuyendo a la mejora de las relaciones que se establecen, tanto en el mundo del trabajo sanitario como en la formación de los profesionales del área. Este estudio tiene como objeto la formación del Profesional Patólogo del Habla y el Lenguaje, de tres Instituciones Federales de Educación Superior (IES) de Rio Grande Sul, presentado como: IES A, IES B y IES C. Tiene como objetivo verificar la existencia de la concepto y el significado atribuido a la comunicación en los documentos rectores de la docencia de Logopedia a través de un análisis de contenido en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales (DCNs) y en el Perfil de Posgrado (PE) contenido en los Proyectos Pedagógicos Curriculares (PPCs). El estudio presentó la frecuencia de la palabra “comunicación” en cada documento estudiado (DCN n=19; PE n=5) correlacionando los términos con los extractos aclarados en el texto. La clasificación polisémica encontrada indicó seis aplicaciones diferentes del término en el corpus de las IES A y IES B: presente en títulos y temas, atribuido a la expresión "comunicación humana", asociada a la expresión "tecnologías de la comunicación y la información", vinculada a la expresión “comunicación verbal” y no verbal”, asociada a las habilidades de liderazgo, relacionada con la comunicación con pacientes, tutores y profesionales de otras áreas. Hubo ausencia del término en el PE de IES C. También se pudieron notar discrepancias conceptuales en el DCN, en lo que respecta a la comprensión de la comunicación como habilidad y no como competencia profesional

Bacterial nanocellulose in dentistry: Perspectives and challenges

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.Fil: de Oliveira Barud, Hélida Gomes. BioSmart Nanotechnology, LTDA; BrasilFil: da Silva, Robson Rosa. Chalmers University of Technology; SueciaFil: Costa Borges, Marco Antonio. University of Araraquara; BrasilFil: Castro, Guillermo Raul. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: José Lima Ribeiro, Sidney. São Paulo State University; BrasilFil: da Silva Barud, Hernane. University of Araraquara; Brasi