Kedudukan Asuransi dalam Hukum Islam

Asuransi syariah atau ta'min merupakan upaya antisipasi untuk mengurangi resiko yang dapat muncul pada kehidupan manusia di masa depan. Islampun telah memperingatkan manusia untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi hari esok. Seiring dengan perkembangan intitusi keuangan lainnya yang masih melakukan praktek yang tidak sejalan prinsip syariah, yang dalam perkembangannya belum bisa terlepas dari maysir, gharar dan riba. Asuransi telah menjadi kebutuhan penting bagi manusia termasuk umat Muslim, karenanya sangatlah penting untuk mengetahui keputusan para ulama mengenai system dan mekanisme pelaksanaan asuransi syariah yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Tujuan asuransi syariah adalah murni untuk saling tolong menolong, saling menjaga dan menumbuhkan untuk saling bertanggung jawab. &nbsp

Pengakuan Atas Kedudukan Dan Keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Mha) Pasca Dibentuknya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa

Law No.6 Year 2014 regarding Villages has impact on the recognition of the existence of traditional communities. This research aims to elaborates about that recognition and this research is a normative legal study. Research problems are (1) how is the concept of the recognition of the existance of traditional communities? (2) how is the legal impact of of the recognition of the existance of traditional communities? It can be concluded that the recognition obtainable through traditional villages in that law. Then, the law gives good impact on the recognition of traditional communities but there are limitation and unification on the rights of the communities.IntisariUU No.6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa berimplikasi terhadap pengakuan atas kedudukan dan keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). Penelitian ini ditujukkan untuk mendalami pengakuan tersebut dan dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif. Rumusan masalah yang dikemukakan (1) bagaimana konsepsi pengakuan MHA?; (2) bagaimana implikasi yuridis pengakuan desa adat oleh UU Desa atas penguatan MHA? Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa pengakuan MHA diperoleh melalui adanya Desa Adat yang diakui sebagai Desa. Sedangkan implikasinya positif dalam memberikan legalitas bagi MHA namun memiliki kelemahan yakni adanya pembatasan dan penyeragaman atas hak MHA

TANGGUNG JAWAB BANK SYARIAH DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDARABAH TERHADAP HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA RESPONSIBILITY OF SHARIA BANK IN IMPLEMENTATION OF MUDARABAH FINANCE TO POSITIVE LAW IN INDONESIA

Bank syariah sebagai lembaga dan sistem perbankan yang relative baru di Indonesia memiliki produk-produk layanan perpankan yang berbeda dengan perbankan konvensional, salah satu produk layanan jasa bank yang berdasarkan prinsip bagi hasil yang disebut dengan prinsip mudarabah. Mudarabah adalah perjanjian antara penanam dana/pemilik dana (sahibul maal) dan pengelola dana (mudarib) untuk mekukan kegiatan usaha tertentu, dengan pembagian keuntungan antara kedua belah pihak berdasarkan nisbah yang telah disepakati sebelumnya. Nisbah adalah bagian keuntungan usaha bagi masing-masing pihak yang besarnya ditetapkan berdasarkan kesepakatan.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang meletakkan hukum sebagai bangunan sistem norma. Sistem norma yang dimaksud adalah mengenai asas-asas, norma, kaidah dari peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, perjanjian serta doktrin (ajaran). hubungan antara nasabah dengan bank pada perbankan konvensional terdiri dari dua bentuk yaitu Hubungan Kontraktual. Hubungan hukum kemitraan dalam pembiayaan mudharabah ini merupakan kerjasama antara shahibul maal untuk menyediakan dana, sedangkan pihak yang lain yaitu mudharib menyediakan pikiran, tenaga, dan waktunya untuk mengelola usaha kerjasama tersebut. Unsur terpenting dalam kerjasama pembiayaan mudharabah adalah kepercayaan (trust). Kepercayaan ini terutama dari shahibul maal kepada mudharib karena shahibulmaal tidak boleh ikut campur tangan di dalam pengelolaan proyek atau usaha yang notabene dibiayai dengan dana shahibul maal tersebut

Pattern of liver cysts with their surgical management

Background: Liver cysts are seen in up to 5% of the population. 15-16% of such cysts are symptomatic. Symptomatic cysts are found more commonly in women who are over 50 years of age.Simple hepatic cysts are believed to be congenital in origin.Methods: The observational study was conducted in the department of hepatobiliary department of surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total of 80 cases were randomly selected for the study. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from July 2013 to June 2014. Proper consent was taken from the respective concern. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS-22).Results: Most of the respondents were female (65%). The male-female ratio was 1:1.9. The mean age was 46.4 (±SD 10.191) years, ranging from 13-76 years. There were 69 non-parasitic diseases and 11 parasitic diseases. Among them 30 patients were diagnosed as liver cyst incidentally and they required no treatment. Liver function was abnormal in 70% patients. It was found from ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen that right lobe involvement (65% and 28% respectively) is more common than left lobe (21.3% and 12% respectively). The most common complication following surgical interventions was haemorrhage (32.4%).Conclusions: Females are affected most and M:F=1:1.9, usual affected age groups are of 5th decade and common in rural area. Imaging is the best modality for diagnosis of cystic lesions but serological investigations are also helpful

Kids Preneur (Kp), Solusi Pendidikan Karakter untuk Anak Jalanan Kampung Dayak, Purwokerto Selatan

Kampung Sri Rahayu (Dayak village) is a marginalized village in the town of Purwokerto with majority of the society bearing the social problems, such as prostitutes, transvestites, unemployed, beggars and street children. There are at least 200 street children in this village, and only 20 percent are able to receive education until graduated elementary school. The main factors causing educational process blocked in this village is the lack of parental support and absence of local government programs. This condition makes mental street children in Dayak village materialistic, self-sufficient and not depend on others. Therefore we need Kids Preneur (KP) as an alternative education so that street children in Dayak village still has a chance to grow up, standalone, creative based on religious character. The objectives of this program are: 1) Increase the knowledge, skills street children of Dayak village; 2) Increase environmental awareness and creative street children of Dayak village; 3) Grow the spirit of standalone and religious life street children of Dayak village. Method of implementation this program include: 1) Kids Prenuer Leadership that aims inculcate spirit of leadership and standalone on street children; 2) Kids Preneur Educative that aim to give education such as hardskill to street children; 3) Kids Preneur Innovative that aims to give softskill training, creative attitude to environmental conditions; 4) Kids Preneur Community, is a forum for the street children of Dayak village to learn the knowledge and entrepreneurship. The results and conclusions of the implementation of Kids Preneur's programs are to improve the knowledge, skills, spirit care for environment, creative, standalone, religious and entrepreneurial character to street children of Dayak village, South Purwokerto. So that the education of the marginalized society gradually be resolved

Protected areas: a resource or constraint for local people?

We investigated local people’s perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes toward conservation planning and management in Chitral Gol National Park in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. A literature review was undertaken to unravel the historic drivers behind the formation of this protected area. Key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current governance approaches adopted by the park management authorities. Community-based questionnaire surveys and key-informant interviews focused on local communities’ knowledge and awareness of the objectives of the park, people’s role in decision-making, social characteristics, and resource use structures. The information from these surveys was evaluated within the context of good governance and sustainability of park management. Results show a lack of awareness and a low level of participation in protected area management, but a high degree of willingness in the communities to participate in conservation activities. An analysis of the survey data suggests that the park authorities enforce strict protection measures within the park, but this approach lacks a strong vision of sustainability. The surveys reveal that the local people have a very strong sense of belonging to the place and are willing to contribute to the protection of the PA. A large majority of the respondents rely on electronic media as their main source of information, which could potentially form the best medium for conservation campaigning in the region. With these findings in mind, we propose changes to the current governance model for effective and sustainable management of the park in the future

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale replication studies have identified common variants in 79 loci associated with breast cancer, explaining ∼14% of the familial risk of the disease. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 GWAS, comprising 15,748 breast cancer cases and 18,084 controls together with 46,785 cases and 42,892 controls from 41 studies genotyped on a 211,155-marker custom array (iCOGS). Analyses were restricted to women of European ancestry. We generated genotypes for more than 11 million SNPs by imputation using the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, and we identified 15 new loci associated with breast cancer at P < 5 × 10(-8). Combining association analysis with ChIP-seq chromatin binding data in mammary cell lines and ChIA-PET chromatin interaction data from ENCODE, we identified likely target genes in two regions: SETBP1 at 18q12.3 and RNF115 and PDZK1 at 1q21.1. One association appears to be driven by an amino acid substitution encoded in EXO1.BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A12014) and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS). Meetings of the BCAC have been funded by the European Union COST programme (BM0606). Genotyping on the iCOGS array was funded by the European Union (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10710, C8197/A16565), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer program and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade of Quebec, grant PSR-SIIRI-701. Combination of the GWAS data was supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Cancer Post-Cancer GWAS initiative, grant 1 U19 CA148065-01 (DRIVE, part of the GAME-ON initiative). For a full description of funding and acknowledgments, see the Supplementary Note.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.324

Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies.

PURPOSE: We aimed to define a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder, characterize its clinical features, and identify the underlying genetic cause for this condition. METHODS: We performed a detailed clinical characterization of 19 individuals from nine unrelated, consanguineous families with a neurodevelopmental disorder. We used genome/exome sequencing approaches, linkage and cosegregation analyses to identify disease-causing variants, and we performed three-dimensional molecular in silico analysis to predict causality of variants where applicable. RESULTS: In all affected individuals who presented with a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and intellectual disability we identified biallelic disease-causing variants in Protocadherin-gamma-C4 (PCDHGC4). Five variants were predicted to induce premature protein truncation leading to a loss of PCDHGC4 function. The three detected missense variants were located in extracellular cadherin (EC) domains EC5 and EC6 of PCDHGC4, and in silico analysis of the affected residues showed that two of these substitutions were predicted to influence the Ca2+-binding affinity, which is essential for multimerization of the protein, whereas the third missense variant directly influenced the cis-dimerization interface of PCDHGC4. CONCLUSION: We show that biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 are causing a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder and link PCDHGC4 as a member of the clustered PCDH family to a Mendelian disorder in humans