A Self-Adaptive Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

As a new evolutionary algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) achieves integrated evolution through the information between the individuals. All the particles have the ability to adjust their own speed and remember the optimal positions they have experienced. This algorithm has solved many practical engineering problems and achieved better optimization effect. However, PSO can easily get trapped in local extremum, making it fail to get the global optimal solution and reducing its convergence speed. To settle these deficiencies, this paper has proposed an adaptive chaos particle swarm optimization (ACPSO) based on the idea of chaos optimization after analyzing the basic principles of PSO. This algorithm can improve the population diversity and the ergodicity of particle search through the property of chaos; adjust the inertia weight according to the premature convergence of the population and the individual fitness; consider the global optimization and local optimization; effectively avoid premature convergence and improve algorithm efficiency. The experimental simulation has verified its effectiveness and superiority

An evaluating and detecting system of diamond saw blades cutting performance

Рассмотрены методы оценки остроты, рабочего ресурса и других свойств дисковой пилы с алмазной режущей кромкой при обработке каменных материалов, а также разработана контрольно-измерительная система для этих параметров

2-Amino-4-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-6-ferro­cenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H11ClN3)], the dihedral angles between the two five–membered rings and between the two six-membered rings are 3.28 (4) and 51.33 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Application of UPLC to separation and analysis of ginsenosides from cultivated ginseng and forest-grown wild ginseng

In the past years, much attention has been paid to Panax ginseng, mainly referring to Cultivated Ginseng (CG), but few studies have also been focused on Forest-grown Wild Ginseng (FWG). FWG has been included in the 2010 edition Pharmacopoeia of The Peoples Republic of China, as a substitute for wild ginseng. This paper compared and determined the variety and changes of ginsenosides in CG and FWG by UPLC. The results demonstrated that the content of every ginsenoside was the highest at tenyear-old FWG, but the lowest at fourteen-year-old FWG. Pharmacological activity varies for different ginsenosides, therefore, this study will provide a scientific reference for clinical applications of FWG.Comunicación breveShort communicationComunicação breveColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Simultaneous sampling of volatile and non-volatile analytes in beer for fast fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, an effervescent beverage, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol. This allows for fast (within seconds) fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) in both negative and positive ion mode, without the need for any sample pre-treatment such as degassing and dilution. Trace analytes such as volatile esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate), free fatty acids (e.g., caproic acid, caprylic acid, and capric acid), semi/non-volatile organic/inorganic acids (e.g., lactic acid), and various amino acids, commonly present in beer at the low parts per million or at sub-ppm levels, were detected and identified based on tandem MS data. Furthermore, the appearance of solvent cluster ions in the mass spectra gives insight into the sampling and ionization mechanisms: aerosol droplets containing semi/non-volatile substances are thought to be generated via bubble bursting at the surface of the liquid; these neutral aerosol droplets then collide with the charged primary electrospray ionization droplets, followed by analyte extraction, desolvation, ionization, and MS detection. With principal component analysis, several beer samples were successfully differentiated. Therefore, the present study successfully extends the applicability of EESI-MS to the direct analysis of complex liquid samples with high gas content. Figure By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol for further analysis, allowing fast chemically fingerprinting using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS

RSL3 Drives Ferroptosis Through GPX4 Inactivation and ROS Production in Colorectal Cancer

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative cell death, and is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell. It has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer. Recently, ferroptosis, as a non-apoptotic form of cell death, is emerging in specific cancer types; however, its relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unexplored and remains unclear. Here, we showed that ferroptosis inducer RSL3 initiated cell death and ROS accumulation in HCT116, LoVo, and HT29 CRC cells over a 24 h time course. Furthermore, we found that ROS levels and transferrin expression were elevated in CRC cells treated with RSL3 accompanied by a decrease in the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), indicating an iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis. Overexpression GPX4 resulted in decreased cell death after RSL3 treatment. Therefore, RSL3 was able to induce ferroptosis on three different CRC cell lines in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was due to increased ROS and an increase in the cellular labile iron pool. Moreover, this effect was able to be reversed by overexpression of GPX4. Taken together, our results suggest that the induction of ferroptosis contributed to RSL3-induced cell death in CRC cells and ferroptosis may be a pervasive and dynamic form of cell death for cancer treatment

The Roles of Serum Selenium and Selenoproteins on Mercury Toxicity in Environmental and Occupational Exposure

Many studies have found that mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with selenium (Se) accumulation in vivo. However, human studies are limited. To study the interaction between Se and Hg, we investigated the total Se and Hg concentrations in body fluids and serum Se-containing proteins in individuals exposed to high concentrations of Hg. Our objective was to elucidate the possible roles of serum Se and selenoproteins in transporting and binding Hg in human populations. We collected data from 72 subjects: 35 had very low Hg exposure as evidenced by mean Hg concentrations of 0.91 and 1.25 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively; 37 had high exposure (mean Hg concentrations of 38.5 and 86.8 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively). An association between Se and Hg was found in urine (r = 0.625; p < 0.001) but not in serum. Hg exposure may affect Se concentrations and selenoprotein distribution in human serum. Expression of both selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was greatly increased in Hg miners. These increases were accompanied by elevated Se concentrations in serum. In addition, selenoprotein P bound more Hg at higher Hg exposure concentrations. Biochemical observations revealed that both GSH-Px activity and malondialdehyde concentrations increased in serum of the Hg-exposed group. This study aids in the understanding of the interaction between Se and Hg. Selenoproteins play two important roles in protecting against Hg toxicity. First, they may bind more Hg through their highly reactive selenol group, and second, their antioxidative properties help eliminate the reactive oxygen species induced by Hg in vivo

Comparative pharmacokinetic study of ascaridole after oral administration of ascaridole and Jinghuaweikang capsule to rats

The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ascaridole following oral administration of pure ascaridole and Jinghuaweikang (JHWK) capsule. Besides, additional rats were given pure ascaridole via intravenous administration for the bioavailability study. The concentration of ascaridole in rat plasma was determined by a GC/MS method. Following oral administration of pure ascaridole and JHWK capsule, the maximum mean concentration in rat plasma (Cmax, 2701.4 ± 1282.6 ng/mL and 3008.0 ± 273.5 ng/mL) were achieved at 0.25 ± 0.09 h and 0.47 ± 0.22 h (Tmax), and the absolute bioavailabilities were approximately 20.8 and 26.9 %, respectively. The results indicated that other ingredients in JHWK capsule might facilitate and prolong the absorption procedure of ascaridole, and thus enhance its bioavailability in rats. The present study provided the necessary information for the further investigation of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and its preparation.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Prime-boost vaccination of mice and rhesus macaques with two novel adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates.

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 vaccines are being developed urgently worldwide. Here, we constructed two adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates of Sad23L-nCoV-S and Ad49L-nCoV-S carrying the full-length gene of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The immunogenicity of two vaccines was individually evaluated in mice. Specific immune responses were observed by priming in a dose-dependent manner, and stronger responses were obtained by boosting. Furthermore, five rhesus macaques were primed with 5 × 109 PFU Sad23L-nCoV-S, followed by boosting with 5 × 109 PFU Ad49L-nCoV-S at 4-week interval. Both mice and macaques well tolerated the vaccine inoculations without detectable clinical or pathologic changes. In macaques, prime-boost regimen induced high titers of 103.16 anti-S, 102.75 anti-RBD binding antibody and 102.38 pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (pNAb) at 2 months, while pNAb decreased gradually to 101.45 at 7 months post-priming. Robust T-cell response of IFN-γ (712.6 SFCs/106 cells), IL-2 (334 SFCs/106 cells) and intracellular IFN-γ in CD4+/CD8+ T cell (0.39%/0.55%) to S peptides were detected in vaccinated macaques. It was concluded that prime-boost immunization with Sad23L-nCoV-S and Ad49L-nCoV-S can safely elicit strong immunity in animals in preparation of clinical phase 1/2 trials