Individual differences in social and non-social behaviors in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) during the acquisition, extinction and reacquisition of a problem solving task

Dogs are able to solve different problems by trial and error learning, but it seems that they cannot understand the means-end connection. Some studies suggest that dogs' performance is influenced by their breed and by the level of familiarity with the person they interact with. In our study, we assess individual differences in both social and non-social responses in a problem-solving task during the acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition phases. In order to investigate the effect of familiarity, in the first experiment, the human present during the task was either a familiar (the dog's owner) or unfamiliar person. In the second experiment, we compared breeds (Retrievers and Shepherds) that had previously shown differences in a communicative task. The results revealed that all groups learned the task and became more efficient in the acquisition trials. These non-social responses diminished during extinction, where an increase in social responses was observed. With regard to individual differences, dogs were more persistent in searching the reward during the second extinction trial when the owner was present (in contrast with a stranger), and also looked longer at the unfamiliar person at the beginning of the acquisition trial. On the other hand, Retrievers showed greater social motivation during reacquisition and Shepherds picked up more bones during the third acquisition trial, thus suggesting a more persistent search of the reward. These findings highlight the relevance of studying different learning schedules as well as individual differences in problem-solving ability so as to improve selection and training techniques.Fil: Shimabukuro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Putrino, Natalia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Helbling, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Tognetti, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Bentosela, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

Online catalogue of the Coleção de Flebotomíneos (FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB), a biological collection of American sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) held at Fiocruz Minas, Brazil

The “Coleção de Flebotomíneos” (FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB) held at Fiocruz Minas is a curated biological collection comprised of approximately 80,000 individual specimens of 370 species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) mostly from the Americas collected over the last 80 years by entomologists interested in understanding and controlling the vector-borne disease leishmaniases. Since 2010, the metadata of each of the individual biological specimens held in FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, including the back catalogue of those deposited in previous decades, has been digitized. Here, our resulting electronic catalogue, containing records for 72,624 of the specimens, including all of the available provenance information associated with each of them, is published online through the speciesLink network <http://www.splink.org.br/search?collectioncode=FIOCRUZ11COLFLEB&group=animais&lang=pt&action=openform> and the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) <http://ipt.fiocruz.br/ipt/resource?r=fiocruz_colfleb>.The “Coleção de Flebotomíneos” (FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB) held at Fiocruz Minas is a curated biological collection comprised of approximately 80,000 individual specimens of 370 species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) mostly from the Americas collected over the last 80 years by entomologists interested in understanding and controlling the vector-borne disease leishmaniases. Since 2010, the metadata of each of the individual biological specimens held in FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, including the back catalogue of those deposited in previous decades, has been digitized. Here, our resulting electronic catalogue, containing records for 72,624 of the specimens, including all of the available provenance information associated with each of them, is published online through the speciesLink network <http://www.splink.org.br/search?collectioncode=FIOCRUZ11COLFLEB&group=animais&lang=pt&action=openform> and the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) <http://ipt.fiocruz.br/ipt/resource?r=fiocruz_colfleb>

Plan estratégico de Puerto Eten

El presente documento tiene como objetivo desarrollar el planeamiento estratégico para implementar Puerto Eten. La investigación abarca información recopilada de la Autoridad Portuaria Regional de Lambayeque, instituciones públicas y privadas, y la población de Puerto Eten. La metodología utilizada se basa en un estudio empírico cualitativo secuencial donde se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual del puerto y un análisis externo e interno de la organización. Posteriormente, se desarrolló la matriz FODA y las estrategias necesarias para la implementación del puerto. Por último, se definieron objetivos de corto y largo plazo así como un Balance Score Card que permitiría medir la evolución de los indicadores de gestión del plan. De la investigación realizada se identificó que existe demanda potencial en productos mineros, agroindustriales y de hidrocarburos de los departamentos aledaños que sustentan la implementación de Puerto Eten. Adicionalmente, el estado peruano ha considerado de interés nacional la implementación del puerto, donde se cuenta con 26,000 hectáreas disponibles destinadas. Puerto Eten es un proyecto viable con las condiciones técnicas y económicas que garantizan su implementación. El puerto deberá ser concesionado y el estado deberá monitorear su evolución para garantizar los resultados.This document aims to develop strategic planning to implement Puerto Eten. The research covers information collected from the Regional Port Authority of Lambayeque, public and private institutions, and the population of Puerto Eten. The methodology is based on a sequential qualitative empirical study where a diagnosis of the current situation of the port and an external and internal analysis of the organization was held. Subsequently, the SWOT matrix and the strategies needed to implement the port was developed. Finally, shortand long-term as well as a Balance Score Card that would measure the evolution of indicators were defined management plan. From the initial research it identified that there is potential demand in mining, agribusiness and oil from neighboring departments that support the implementation of Puerto Eten products. In addition, the Peruvian state has considered of national interest the implementation of the port, where it has 26,000 hectares available intended. Puerto Eten is a viable project with the technical and economic conditions to ensure their implementation. The port should be concessioned and the state should monitor their progress to ensure results.Tesi

Ecosocialism - reflections about the concept from the work "What is Ecosocialism?" by Michel Löwy.

O presente estudo alicerça-se no debate a respeito do conceito de Ecossocialismo proposto por Michel Löwy. Ecossocialismo representa uma abordagem alternativa e crítica ao conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável sob uma perspectiva liberal, tal qual tem sido propagado como ideário dominante à busca por um modelo alternativo de desenvolvimento frente à crise ecológica global. A reflexão sobre a temática ecossocialista mostra-se essencial na formação de cidadãos críticos, capazes de discernir a respeito da questão socioambiental. Foi possível depreender que a proposta ecossocialista de Löwy nos convida o tempo inteiro a mudar de lógica, contribuindo para um abandono ao supérfluo, ao acúmulo inútil, à velocidade “maquínica”, ao desperdício e à acumulação de acúmulo. Foi possível inferir que o Ecossocialismo se apresenta como proposta fulcral no tratamento das questões socioambientais contemporâneas, dado que transcende os limites do pragmatismo desenvolvimentista e do “senso-comum” que tem orientado as discussões sobre desenvolvimento sustentável.The present study is based on the debate about the concept of Ecosocialism proposed by Michel Löwy. Ecosocialism represents an alternative and critical approach of the concept of Sustainable Development from a liberal perspective, such as has been propagated as a dominant ideology regarding the search for an alternative model of development. In this way, reflecting on the ecosocialist theme is essential in the formation of critical citizens, capable of discerning about the socio-environmental issue. Therefore, Löwy's proposal invites us all the time to change logic, contributing to abandonment the superfluous, the useless accumulation, the "machinic" speed, the waste and the accumulation of accumulation. It was also possible to infer that Ecosocialism presents itself as a central proposal in the treatment of contemporary socio-environmental issues, since it transcends the limits of developmentalist pragmatism and the "common sense" that has guided the discussions on sustainable development. Key-words: Ecosocialism; Michel Löwy; Sustainable Development

Neuromatch Academy: a 3-week, online summer school in computational neuroscience

Neuromatch Academy (https://academy.neuromatch.io; (van Viegen et al., 2021)) was designed as an online summer school to cover the basics of computational neuroscience in three weeks. The materials cover dominant and emerging computational neuroscience tools, how they complement one another, and specifically focus on how they can help us to better understand how the brain functions. An original component of the materials is its focus on modeling choices, i.e. how do we choose the right approach, how do we build models, and how can we evaluate models to determine if they provide real (meaningful) insight. This meta-modeling component of the instructional materials asks what questions can be answered by different techniques, and how to apply them meaningfully to get insight about brain function

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio