Erratum: A multi-objective optimization-based layer-by-layer blade-coating approach for organic solar cells: Rational control of vertical stratification for high performance (Energy and Environmental Science (2019) 12 (3118-3132) DOI: 10.1039/C9EE02295C)

The Acknowledgements section should have included the following sentence: "This work was performed in part on the SAXS/ WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO". The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers

A multi-objective optimization-based layer-by-layer blade-coating approach for organic solar cells:Rational control of vertical stratification for high performance

A major breakthrough in organic solar cells (OSCs) in the last thirty years was the development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solution processing strategy, which effectively provided a nanoscale phase-separated morphology, aiding in the separation of Coulombically bound excitons and facilitating charge transport and extraction. Compared with the application of the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach proposed in the same period, the BHJ spin-coating technology shows overwhelming advantages for evaluating the performance of photovoltaic materials and achieving more-efficient photoelectric conversion. Thus, in this study, we have further compared the BHJ and LbL processing strategies via the doctor-blade coating technology because it is a roll-to-roll compatible high-throughput thin film fabrication route. We systematically evaluated multiple target parameters, including morphological characteristics, optical simulation, physical kinetics, device efficiency, and blend stability issues. It is worth emphasizing that our findings disprove the old stereotypes such as the BHJ processing method is superior to the LbL technology for the preparation of high-performance OSCs and the LbL approach requires an orthogonal solvent and donor/acceptor materials with special solubility. Our studies demonstrate that the LbL blade-coating approach is a promising strategy to effectively reduce the efficiency-stability gap of OSCs and even a superior alternative to the BHJ method in commercial applications

Influence of meteorological and ambient air quality factors on Artemisia pollen counts in Urumqi, Northwest China

The exposure of Artemisia pollen in the air to humans causes adverse allergenic effects on the respiratory system. However, the relationship between Artemisia pollen counts and meteorological and air quality factors in the arid and semiarid cities of northwest China has not attracted significant attention. Here, we observed the seasonal pollen counts of Artemisia, as well as the main meteorological variables (temperature/T, relative humidity/RH, and wind speed/WS, and ambient air quality factors (PM2.5, PM10, and CO2). This was conducted from May to September 2021 at three sampling sites in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The results showed that Artemisia pollen counts gradually increased from May (121 grains/1000 mm2) to August (563 grains/1000 mm2) and decreased till the end of the sampling period in September (247 grains/1000 mm2). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the variation in Artemisia pollen counts and PM2.5 (R = 0.545, P < 0.01), the average temperature (R = 0.424, P < 0.05), and PM10 (R = 0.466, P < 0.05). Oppositely, a significant negative correlation was observed between the RH (R = 0.503, P < 0.01) and WS (R = 0.653, P < 0.01). Variation partitioning analysis showed that meteorological factors contributed the highest (44 %) to the variation in pollen counts. The study results provide basic information for future case studies on allergenic plant pollen in Urumqi and serve as a reference for the development of sustainable healthy cities in arid regions

Data-Driven Diffusion Recommendation in Online Social Networks for the Internet of People

Recommendation systems are gaining popularity with the proliferation of the Internet of People (IoP). The popularity and use of online social networks facilitate integrating these social relationships with recommender systems under a single framework of IoP. This article proposes a new approach for item recommendation based on the diffusion method that combines user relationships in social networks with user-item relationships derived from the IoP. Especially, a resource redistribution process is explored in the user-object network that gives mass diffusion a higher recommendation accuracy and heat conduct a greater diversity by considering the social degree of users whilst calculating the user degree in the network. A tuning parameter is introduced to adjust the weight of resources that the objects finally receives from users based on their social relationships. Finally, extensive experiments conducted on the real-world datasets which contain friendship relationships, demonstrate the efficiencies of our proposed method in achieving notable performance improvements in terms of the recommendation accuracy, service diversity, and practical dependability

Muscle-bone crosstalk via endocrine signals and potential targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture

Background: Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome coexisting sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a high fracture risk. Recently, skeletal muscle and bone have been recognized as endocrine organs capable of communication through secreting myokines and osteokines, respectively. With a deeper understanding of the muscle-bone crosstalk, these endocrine signals exhibit an important role in osteosarcopenia development and fracture healing. Methods: This review summarizes the role of myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosarcopenia and fracture, and discusses their potential for osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment. Results: Several well-defined myokines (myostatin and irisin) and osteokines (RANKL and SOST) are found to not only regulate skeletal muscle and bone metabolism but also influence fracture healing processes. Systemic interventions targeting these biochemical signals has shown promising results in improving the mass and functions of skeletal muscle and bone, as well as accelerating fracture healing processes. Conclusion: The regulation of muscle-bone crosstalk via biochemical signals presents a novel and promising strategy for treating osteosarcopenia and fracture by simultaneously enhancing bone and muscle anabolism. We propose that myostatin, irisin, RANKL, and SOST may serve as potential targets to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. The translational potential of this article: Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome where sarcopenia and osteoporosis coexist, with high fracture risk, delayed fracture healing, and increased mortality. However, no pharmacological agent is available to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. This review summarizes the role of several myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosacropenia and fracture, as well as discusses their potential as intervention targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture, which provides a novel and promising strategy for future osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment

Balancing the efficiency, stability, and cost potential for organic solar cells via a new figure of merit

In spite of the great success in device efficiency resulting from the excessive design of photovoltaic materials, the stability and cost issues concerning basic commercial requirements of organic solar cells (OSCs) remain unresolved or controversial, slowing down the introduction of market-ready applications. We proposed an exciting discovery that as the active layer thickness decreases, the thermal stability increases gradually, even exceeding 100% of the initial efficiency under 150°C thermal stress. This trend was further confirmed by investigating thermodynamics and kinetics of morphology evolution for PM6:Y6 as a reference example. Extended research found that there is a similar correlation between photo-thermal stability and blend thickness. Consequently, a new reliable industrial figure of merit (i-FOM2.0), including four main factors: efficiency, photo-thermal stability, synthesis complexity, and active layer thickness, is presented here. Our work provides a promising trade-off strategy for reducing efficiency-stability-cost gap and accelerates the commercialization of OSC