Os efeitos de um vazamento de óleo e despejo de esgoto doméstico na fauna de insetos do igarapé Cururu, em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

As assembléias de insetos aquáticos e edáficos de três igarapés da Amazônia Central foram utilizadas para avaliar o impacto sofrido por um deles (igarapé Cururu), após um vazamento de óleo derivado de petróleo, ocorrido em agosto de 1999. O igarapé Cururu já era impactado pelo despejo de esgoto doméstico. A avaliação desses sistemas foi realizada em quatro diferentes períodos do ciclo hidrológico da região (vazante, seca, enchente e cheia), entre setembro de 2000 e maio de 2001. Os insetos foram coletados com draga Eckman, rede entomológica aquática e trado, e utilizados para estimar a riqueza taxonômica (nível de família) e a densidade de insetos em cada sistema. Os efeitos de anóxia e os efeitos da eutroficação foram mensurados pelas médias de concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio total e fósforo total, estimadas nos três sistemas. A riqueza e abundância da fauna de insetos foram maiores no igarapé Cristalino (não impactado) do que nos igarapés Bom Jardim (impactado pelo despejo de esgoto) e Cururu, com exceção das amostragens de insetos litorâneos. A concentração do oxigênio dissolvido no igarapé Cururu foi menor do que nos outros dois sistemas, enquanto as concentrações de nitrogênio total e fósforo total no igarapé Cururu foram maiores. Esses elementos tiveram valores inversos no igarapé Cristalino e intermediários no igarapé Bom Jardim. As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio total e fósforo total refletem as modificações provocadas pela eutroficação antropogênica nos sistemas Bom Jardim e Cururu. Isso ocorreu devido à liberação de efluentes domésticos pelas comunidades locais e pelo óleo introduzido no igarapé Cururu, influenciando negativamente a riqueza e abundância de insetos nesses igarapés.Assemblages of aquatic and edaphic insects in three streams in Central Amazonia were used to evaluate the impact on one of the streams (Cururu) caused by an oil spill that occurred in August 1999. The Cururu stream had already been impacted by domestic sewage. These three streams were evaluated during four different periods of the regional hydrological cycle (falling-, low-, rising- and high-water), from September 2000 to May 2001. An Eckman dredge, an aquatic entomological net and a manual auger were used to collect insects, which were used to estimate the taxonomic richness (at the family level) and insect density in each stream. Anoxic and eutrophic conditions were determined in each stream based on the mean concentration of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and phosphorus. Richness and abundance of insect fauna were higher in the Cristalino stream (not impacted) than in the Bom Jardim stream (impacted by domestic sewage) and in the Cururu stream, with the exception of samples collected along the stream banks (littoral fauna). The mean dissolved oxygen was lower in the Cururu stream than in the other two, while the mean concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were higher. These elements showed intermediate values in the Bom Jardim stream, while the opposite pattern was observed in the Cristalino stream, with higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and lower concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus. The concentrations of these variables reflect the modifications resulting from anthropogenic eutrophication caused by the discharge of domestic sewage into Bom Jardim and Cururu and by the oil spill in Cururu, which negatively affected the richness and abundance of insects in these streams

Predação de sementes de andiroba [Carapa guianensis Aubl. e Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae)] por insetos na Amazônias

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os insetos associados à predação de sementes de Carapa guianensis e Carapa procera e avaliar o potencial de dano nas sementes por insetos e a ocorrência de estratificação vertical na predação de sementes de andiroba. O estudo foi realiado em plantios de C. guianensis e C. procera na Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente no chão da floresta e mensalmente em três diferentes alturas (terços) da copa das árvores. Para avaliar o efeito da predação na germinação, 30 sementes não predadas e 30 sementes predadas coletadas mensalmente do chão da floresta foram colocadas para germinar por um período de um mês. Os resultados indicaram que Hypsipyla grandella e H. ferrealis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) foram as principais espécies de insetos associadas à predação das sementes de C. procera e C. guianensis, resultando em taxas de predação média de 39% a 61,96%, respectivamente. Observou-se estratificação vertical na predação dos frutos e sementes na copa das árvores de ambas as espécies de Carapa. A predação das sementes de C. procera e C. guianensis por Hypsipyla spp. reduziu o processo de germinação. Este estudo produziu informações sobre a associação entre C. procera e C. guianensis e as espécies de Hypsipyla

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost