MODERNIZATION OF APPLIED ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN DESIGN AND USE OF MODERN HEATING SYSTEMS

Heat supply systems in the settlements of Ukraine today are an example of inefficient use of fuel and energy resources in the state. Replacement of the main fuel - natural gas - saves local budgets in the conditions of decentralization of public administration (due to the difference in prices of natural gas and other organic fuels) for alternative sources of heat sources. At the same time, only such measures give rise to a number of other problems. Increasing pollution of the environment is one of them. The legislative support, requirements of the normative legal acts in force in Ukraine concerning ecological safety of heat production are analyzed. According to them for a water heating boiler house.The replacement of natural gas with alternative fuels is considered. Estimated emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into atmospheric air are calculated. The values of emission factors are derived, which are based on data on the physical and chemical composition and consumption of each fuel, taking into account the characteristics of the combustion processes and measures to reduce emissions of a particular ingredient. A comparative analysis of fuels has been made concerning the environmental impact of combustion products, as well as the cost of the fuel themselves. In rural areas, by transforming waste from agricultural production and processing of wood as a secondary raw material into high-quality biofuels, it is advisable to introduce a replacement of traditional natural gas with alternative fuels. In urban areas, due to the implementation of measures to increase the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures, it is possible to reduce the consumption of traditional natural gas, and the saved funds may be aimed at thermo-modernization. This will allow to leave as the main organic fuel for the needs of district heating the most ecological - natural gas.Key words: heat supply system, water heating boiler, energy efficiency, thermo-modernization, natural gas, alternative fuels, physical and chemical properties of fuels, pollutants, greenhouse gases, emission factor, emissions into the atmosphere, tax liabilities for emissions into the atmosphere.Предун К.М., кандидат технічних наук, професор; Шевчук О.М.; Франчук Ю.Й.  Модернізація прикладних організаційно-технологічних рішень при проектуванні та експлуатації сучасних систем теплопостачання / Київський національний університет будівництва і архітектури, Україна, КиївСистеми теплопостачання населених пунктів України сьогодні є прикладом неефективного використання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів у державі. Заміна основного палива – природного газу – для потреб джерел теплоти альтернативним дає економію коштів місцевих бюджетів в умовах децентралізації державного управління (за рахунок різниці цін природного газу та інших органічних палив). Водночас лише такі заходи породжують ряд інших проблем. Збільшення забруднення навколишнього природного середовища – одна із них. Проаналізовано законодавче забезпечення, вимоги чинних в Україні нормативно-правових актів щодо екобезпеки виробництва теплоти. У відповідності з ними для водогрійної котельні.Pозглянуто заміну природного газу альтернативними паливами. Обраховано прогнозовані викиди забруднювальних речовин і парникових газів в атмосферне повітря. Отримано величини показників емісії, які базуються на даних про фізико-хімічний склад і витрату кожного з палив з врахуванням характеристик процесів спалювання та заходів щодо зменшення викидів того чи іншого інгредієнту. Виконано порівняльний аналіз палив щодо впливу на довкілля продуктів спалювання, а також безпосередньо вартості самих палив. У сільській місцевості, перетворивши відходи сільськогосподарського виробництва та обробки деревини як вторинну сировину в якісне біопаливо, доцільно запроваджувати заміну традиційного природного газу альтернативним паливом. У міських населених пунктах за рахунок реалізації заходів з підвищення енергоефективності існуючих будівель і споруд можливе зменшення споживання традиційного природного газу, а зекономлені кошти можуть бути спрямовані на термомодернізацію. Це дозволить залишити в якості основного органічного палива для потреб централізованого теплопостачання найбільш екологічне – природний газ.  Ключові слова: система теплопостачання, водогрійний котел, енергоефективність, термомодернізація, природний газ, альтернативні палива, фізико-хімічні властивості палив, забруднювальні речовини, парникові гази, показник емісії, викиди в атмосферу, податкові зобов’язання за викиди в атмосферу

Nanoscale Imaging of Primary Cilia with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy

Primary cilia are hair-like sensory organelles whose dimensions and location vary with cell type and culture condition. Herein, we employed scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to visualize the topography of primary cilia from different cell types. By combining SICM with fluorescence imaging, we successfully distinguished between surface cilia that project outward from the cell surface and subsurface cilia that are trapped below it. The nanoscale structure of the ciliary pocket, which cannot be easily identified using a confocal fluorescence microscope, was observed in SICM images. Furthermore, we developed a topographic reconstruction method using current-distance profiles to evaluate the relationship between set point and topographic image and found that a low set point is important for detecting the true topography of a primary cilium using hopping mode SICM

Distinct mechanisms of signal processing by lamina I spino-parabrachial neurons

Lamina I spino-parabrachial neurons (SPNs) receive peripheral nociceptive input, process it and transmit to the supraspinal centres. Although responses of SPNs to cutaneous receptive field stimulations have been intensively studied, the mechanisms of signal processing in these neurons are poorly understood. Therefore, we used an ex-vivo spinal cord preparation to examine synaptic and cellular mechanisms determining specific input-output characteristics of the neurons. The vast majority of the SPNs received a few direct nociceptive C-fiber inputs and generated one spike in response to saturating afferent stimulation, thus functioning as simple transducers of painful stimulus. However, 69% of afferent stimulation-induced action potentials in the entire SPN population originated from a small fraction (19%) of high-output neurons. These neurons received a larger number of direct Ad- and C-fiber inputs, generated intrinsic bursts and efficiently integrated a local network activity via NMDA-receptor-dependent mechanisms. The high-output SPNs amplified and integrated the nociceptive input gradually encoding its intensity into the number of generated spikes. Thus, different mechanisms of signal processing allow lamina I SPNs to play distinct roles in nociception.The authors thank Mr. Andrew Dromaretsky for the technical assistance. P.B. was supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), grant NASU # 0116U004470, grant NASU#67/15-Н. N.V. was supported by the NASU Biotechnology and NASU-KNU grants; NIH 1R01NS113189-01. B.V.S. was supported by the FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by the FCT project PTDC/NEU-NMC/1259/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016588

Spearhead Nanometric Field-Effect Transistor Sensors for Single-Cell Analysis.

Nanometric field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors are made on the tip of spear-shaped dual carbon nanoelectrodes derived from carbon deposition inside double-barrel nanopipettes. The easy fabrication route allows deposition of semiconductors or conducting polymers to comprise the transistor channel. A channel from electrodeposited poly pyrrole (PPy) exhibits high sensitivity toward pH changes. This property is exploited by immobilizing hexokinase on PPy nano-FETs to give rise to a selective ATP biosensor. Extracellular pH and ATP gradients are key biochemical constituents in the microenvironment of living cells; we monitor their real-time changes in relation to cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. The highly localized detection is possible because of the high aspect ratio and the spear-like design of the nano-FET probes. The accurately positioned nano-FET sensors can detect concentration gradients in three-dimensional space, identify biochemical properties of a single living cell, and after cell membrane penetration perform intracellular measurements

Overexpression of MRPS18-2 in cancer cell lines results in appearance of multinucleated cells

Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS18-2 (S18-2) is encoded by a cellular gene that is located on the human chromosome 6p21.3. We discovered that overexpression of the S18-2 protein led to immortalization and de-differentiation of primary rat embryonic fibroblasts. Cells showed anchorage-independent growth pattern. Moreover, pathways characteristic for rapidly proliferating cells were upregulated then. It is possible that the S18-2 overexpression induced disturbance in cell cycle regulation. We found that overexpression of S18-2 protein in human cancer cell lines led to an appearance of multinucleated cells in the selected clones.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes: results from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET‐DD) study, a collaborative study carried out in 14 countries

Aims To assess the prevalence and management of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods People with diabetes aged 18–65 years and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 14 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results A total of 2783 people with Type 2 diabetes (45.3% men, mean duration of diabetes 8.8 years) participated. Overall, 10.6% were diagnosed with current major depressive disorder and 17.0% reported moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology (Patient Health Questionnaire scores >9). Multivariable analyses showed that, after controlling for country, current major depressive disorder was significantly associated with gender (women) (PPPPP<0.0001). The proportion of those with either current major depressive disorder or moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology who had a diagnosis or any treatment for their depression recorded in their medical records was extremely low and non-existent in many countries (0–29.6%). Conclusions Our international study, the largest of this type ever undertaken, shows that people with diabetes frequently have depressive disorders and also significant levels of depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that the identification and appropriate care for psychological and psychiatric problems is not the norm and suggest a lack of the comprehensive approach to diabetes management that is needed to improve clinical outcomes

Forestry-Selection Valuation of Genetic Reserves of Scots Pine in SE «Volodymyr-Volynsk Forestry-Hunting Economy»

У статті подано лісівничо-селекційну характеристику генетичних резерватів сосни звичайної ДП «Володимир-Волинське лісомисливське господарство». Досліджено, що генетичні резервати зростають за І–Іа бонітетом, мають добрий стан, у віці 70–80 років мають повноту 0,6–0,8. У 35–48 % дерев відсутні вади стовбура і крони. Вивчена різноманітність морфологічних форм сосни дає змогу проводити відбір дерев на комбінаційну здатність. In this article forestry-selection valuation of genetic reserves of Scots pine in SE «Volodymyr-Volynsk forestry-hunting economy» is given. The genetic reserves have І−Іа bonitet, the good health, 70-80 years old and 0,6–0,8 plenitude. 35–48 % of trees does not have the defects of trunk and crown.Роботу виконано на кафедрі ботаніки і садово- паркового господарства ВНУ ім. Лесі Українк